网络通讯中经常需要确定远程主机是否存活,以决定下一部进行的操作。可以直接使用ICMP协议来实现,但是要考虑许多协议细节,实现起来比较麻烦。Windows 自带的ICMP库里有现成的函数可以使用,只要在使用前填充相应的数据结构就可以了。
以下是要使用的数据结构。这些结构MSDN里有C形式的声明,这里给出的是Delphi的形式。
//用到的协议数据结构
PIPOptionInfo = ^TIPOptionInfo; // IP 头选项
TIPOptionInfo = packed record
TTL: Byte;//存活时间
TOS: Byte;//Type of Service,请求类型
Flags: Byte;//标志
OptionsSize: Byte;//选项长度
OptionsData: PChar;//选项数据
end;
PIcmpEchoReply = ^TIcmpEchoReply;
TIcmpEchoReply = packed record // ICMP 返回信息
Address: DWORD;//IP地址
Status: DWORD;//状态
RTT: DWORD;
DataSize: Word;//数据长度
Reserved: Word;//保留
Data: Pointer;//数据
Options: TIPOptionInfo;//选项区
end;
//动态库中的函数声明
TIcmpCreateFile = function: THandle; stdcall; //创建ICMP句柄
TIcmpCloseHandle = function(IcmpHandle: THandle): Boolean; stdcall; //关闭ICMP句柄
TIcmpSendEcho = function(IcmpHandle:THandle; DestinationAddress:DWORD;
RequestData:Pointer; RequestSize:Word; RequestOptions:PIPOptionInfo;
ReplyBuffer:Pointer; ReplySize:DWord; Timeout:DWord):DWord; stdcall;//发送ICMP探测数据报
//要用到的变量声明
hICMPDll,hICMP:THandle;
wsaData:TWSADATA;
ICMPCreateFile:TICMPCreateFile;
IcmpCloseHandle:TIcmpCloseHandle;
IcmpSendEcho:TIcmpSendEcho;
//destip:要探测的远程地址,形如 192.168.1.1
procedure f_CheckOnline(destip:string);
var
IPOpt:TIPOptionInfo;// 发包的 IP 选项
IPAddr:DWORD;
pReqData,pRevData:PChar;
pIPE:PIcmpEchoReply;// ICMP Echo 回复缓冲区
FSize: DWORD;
MyString:string;
FTimeOut:DWORD;
BufferSize:DWORD;
i:integer;
begin
hICMPdll := LoadLibrary(''icmp.dll''); //调取icmp 动态库
if hICMPDll<>NULL then
begin
WSAStartup($101,wsaData);//初始化网络协议栈
@ICMPCreateFile := GetProcAddress(hICMPdll, ''IcmpCreateFile''); //取动态库中的导出函数
@IcmpCloseHandle := GetProcAddress(hICMPdll, ''IcmpCloseHandle'');
@IcmpSendEcho := GetProcAddress(hICMPdll, ''IcmpSendEcho'');
hICMP := IcmpCreateFile; //创建 icmp句柄
IPAddr:= inet_addr(PChar(destip)); //取要探测的远端主机ip地址
FSize := 40;
BufferSize := SizeOf(TICMPEchoReply) + FSize;
GetMem(pRevData,FSize);
GetMem(pIPE,BufferSize);
FillChar(pIPE^, SizeOf(pIPE^), 0);
pIPE^.Data := pRevData;
MyString := ''Hi, OnLine?'';//任意字符串
pReqData := PChar(MyString);
FillChar(IPOpt, Sizeof(IPOpt), 0);
IPOpt.TTL := 64;
FTimeOut := 500;//等待时长
i:=IcmpSendEcho(hICMP, IPAddr, pReqData, Length(MyString), @IPOpt, pIPE, BufferSize, FTimeOut);//如果有返回,返回值表示收到的回复的个数。如果为0表示没有回复,主机无法到达
FreeMem(pRevData);
FreeMem(pIPE);
IcmpCloseHandle(hicmp);
FreeLibrary(hICMPdll);//释放动态库
WSAcleanup();//清理协议栈
end;
end;