优化PHP代码的40条建议

21. Incrementing a global variable is 2 times slow than a local var. 递增一个全局变量要比递增一个局部变量慢2倍。

22. Incrementing an object property (eg. $this->prop++) is 3 times slower than a local variable. 递增一个对象属性（如：$this->prop++）要比递增一个局部变量慢3倍。

23. Incrementing an undefined local variable is 9-10 times slower than a pre-initialized one. 递增一个未预定义的局部变量要比递增一个预定义的局部变量慢9至10倍。

24. Just declaring a global variable without using it in a function also slows things down (by about the same amount as incrementing a local var). PHP probably does a check to see if the global exists. 仅定义一个局部变量而没在函数中调用它，同样会减慢速度（其程度相当于递增一个局部变量）。PHP大概会检查看是否存在全局变量。

25. Method invocation appears to be independent of the number of methods defined in the class because I added 10 more methods to the test class (before and after the test method) with no change in performance. 方法调用看来与类中定义的方法的数量无关，因为我（在测试方法之前和之后都）添加了10个方法，但性能上没有变化。

26. Methods in derived classes run faster than ones defined in the base class. 派生类中的方法运行起来要快于在基类中定义的同样的方法。

27. A function call with one parameter and an empty function body takes about the same time as doing 7-8 $localvar++ operations. A similar method call is of course about 15 $localvar++ operations. 调用带有一个参数的空函数，其花费的时间相当于执行7至8次的局部变量递增操作。类似的方法调用所花费的时间接近于15次的局部变量递增操作。

28. Surrounding your string by ‘ instead of " will make things interpret a little faster since php looks for variables inside "…" but not inside ‘…’. Of course you can only do this when you don’t need to have variables in the string. 用单引号代替双引号来包含字符串，这样做会更快一些。因为PHP会在双引号包围的字符串中搜寻变量，单引号则不会。当然，只有当你不需要在字符串中包含变量时才可以这么做。

29. When echoing strings it’s faster to separate them by comma instead of dot. Note: This only works with echo, which is a function that can take several strings as arguments. 输出多个字符串时，用逗号代替句点来分隔字符串，速度更快。注意：只有echo能这么做，它是一种可以把多个字符串当作参数的“函数”（译注：PHP手册中说echo是语言结构，不是真正的函数，故把函数加上了双引号）。

30. A PHP script will be served at least 2-10 times slower than a static HTML page by Apache. Try to use more static HTML pages and fewer scripts. Apache解析一个PHP脚本的时间要比解析一个静态HTML页面慢2至10倍。尽量多用静态HTML页面，少用脚本。

31. Your PHP scripts are recompiled every time unless the scripts are cached. Install a PHP caching product to typically increase performance by 25-100% by removing compile times. 除非脚本可以缓存，否则每次调用时都会重新编译一次。引入一套PHP缓存机制通常可以提升25%至100%的性能，以免除编译开销。

32. Cache