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论文字数:12929,页数:32 有开题报告，任务书
摘要
无线传感器网络是能量受限的网络，近年来发表的路由协议考虑了传感器节点的节能问题，但是未在重要程度不同的节点之间进行区分。网络中普遍存在着连接不同区域的一些节点，它们的失效会导致“传感孤岛”与“能量空洞”等现象的出现。相对于其他节点，这类节点对网络的生存期有着更大的影响，我们称之为关键节点。本文从考虑节点能量的角度出发，给出了关键节点的三个属性特征：流量因子、桥接因子、汇聚因子和两种判断关键节点的方式：利用能量模型判断和在连通图中判定关节点，同时用网络模拟器NS2加以模拟验证。实验结果表明关键节点的失效将对网络的连通性造成严重影响，此时其他节点的能量还有大量剩余，因此我们可以对这些关键节点采取不同的能量控制策略，以尽可能的延长网络生命期。
关键词：无线传感网，关键节点，网络仿真，NS2
The analysis and demonstration of articulation nodes’s
attribute characteristics in homogeneous wireless sensor networks
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks are the networks with limited power. The routing algorithms recently published which have considered the energy efficiency problem, however, do not distinguish the nodes with different significances. The nodes connecting different regions are widespread in the networks, their failure will bring on “sensor island” and “energy hole”. Relative to other nodes, such nodes have greater impact on the network’s lifetime, and we call them articulation nodes. Based on considering the energy of nodes, the paper gives three attribute chatacteristics: flow factor、bridging factor 、convergence factor，and two ways to find articulation nodes:using energy model to find and finding key nodes in the connected gragh. At the same time,we use network simulator NS2 to simulate and verify our analysis results. Experimental results show that the failure of nodes identified by the model will have a serious impact on the connectivity of the network. At this point the other nodes also have a large number of surplus energy. So, we can take different energy control strategy over the articulation nodes to achieve network lifetime as long as possible.
Key Words:wireless sensor network,articulation nodes,network simulation,NS2
目 录
1.绪论 1
1.1课题的背景与目的 1
1.2国内外的研究现状 1
1.3设计过程和研究内容 2
2.关键节点 3
2.1关键节点的概念 3
2.2关键节点的属性特征 4
2.2.1流量因子 4
2.2.2桥接因子 4
2.2.3汇聚因子 4
2.3关键节点的判定方式 5
2.3.1能量模型判定 5
2.3.2在连通图中判定关节点 6
3.网络模拟相关技术 7
3.1网络仿真模拟器 7
3.2 NS2介绍 8
3.3 Tcl与Otcl介绍 10
4.模拟仿真 12
4.1模拟环境 12
4.2系统建模 12
4.3模拟过程及结果的分析 14
4.3.1定义sink节点 14
4.3.2定义普通节点 16
4.3.3创建模拟过程 18
4.3.4模拟结果分析 20
5.总结 27
6.致谢 28
7.参考文献 29
