嵌入式操作系统的内核研究

论文字数:20111,页数:40  有开题报告，任务书

摘要
 嵌入式操作系统是嵌入式系统的核心部分，是系统功能的外在表现，它控制着整个系统的所有资源并提供开发应用程序的基础。由于Linux操作系统所具有的若干优良特点，例如，源代码免费、内核稳定高效，使得基于Linux来研究嵌入式操作系统成为一种廉价、高效率、市场前景广阔的研究策略。
 Linux的内核资源丰富，功能完善，工作稳定。本文首先介绍了虚拟文件系统模块、进程通信模块、网络接口模块的工作原理。在对其组成模块深入的分析基础上，着重剖析了内核的内存管理模块和进程管理模块。然后通过研究Linux进程调度算法实时性问题，提出了一种基于动态优先级的进程调度的实现方案。该算法提出了一种动态的优先级的思想，可以根据进程的状态来改变进程的优先级，能够较好的适应系统的实时性要求。设计并实现了该算法，通过实验模拟，表明其具有良好的性能。最后进一步介绍了Linux内核编译，升级和移植的方法。
 
关键词：嵌入式操作系统，Linux内核，进程
Research on the Kernel of Embedded Operating System
 Abstract
 Embedded operating system is the key part of embedded system and the outer representation of system functions. It controls all the resources of the whole system and provides the foundation for exploiting and applying programs. Linux operating system possesses a variety of good characteristics: for example, the formal code is free and the kernel of it is steady and highly effective. These advantages make the research on embedded operating system, which is based on Linux, a research strategy that is highly effective and of broad market prospects.
    Linux kernel is rich in resources, functions and stable when it works. This paper introduces the work principles of the Virtual File System module, the process of communication module and the network interface module. In its in-depth modules based on the analysis, it focuses on an analysis of the kernel memory management module and process management module. Through doing researching on the process of Linux for real-time scheduling algorithm, this paper presents a dynamic priority based on the process of realization of program scheduling. The algorithm presents a dynamic priority of thinking,  which can change the process priority according to the state of the process and better adapt the real-time requirements. This algorithm has strong advantages in improving the real-time system. This paper designs and implements the algorithm and the simulation test confirms its good performances. Finally, this paper introduces the compiling, upgrading and transplanting methods on the Linux kernel.

   Key words:  embedded operating system, Linux kernel, process  
 目录
1.绪论 1
1.1课题来源及研究意义 1
1.2 Linux特性简介 1
1.3研究发展现状 3
1.4本文结构 3
2. Linux内核体系结构 4
2.1内核结构概述 4
2.2内存管理模块 6
2.2.1虚拟内存 6
2.2.2请求调页 7
2.2.3交换 8
2.2.4共享虚拟内存 9
2.2.5访问控制 9
2.3进程管理 9
2.3.1 Linux进程数据结构 10
2.3.2进程调度与切换 11
2.4虚拟文件系统 15
2.4.1组成模块 15
2.4.2数据表示 16
2.5网络接口 16
2.5.1组成模块 16
2.5.2数据表示 16
2.6进程间通信 16
3.嵌入式操作系统的进程调度的改造 18
3.1算法提出 18
3.2一般嵌入式操作系统的进程调度 18
3.2.1 FCFS进程调度算法 18
3.2.2静态优先级调度算法 18
3.2.3两种算法存在的缺陷 19
3.3动态优先级调度算法 20
3.3.1动态优先级基本法则 20
3.3.2算法的模拟与实现 20
3.3.3程序结果 28
3.4结论 28
4. Linux内核的编译与移植 29
4.1配置内核 29
4.2编译内核和模块 30
4.3内核移植 31
总结 33
致谢 34
参考文献 35