软件开发质量管理提升系统之需求管理

论文字数:15999,页数:41  有开题报告，任务书，答辩PPT

摘    要
在软件项目的开发过程中，需求变更贯穿了软件项目的整个生命周期，从项目立项，研发、维护，到用户的经验在增加，对使用软件的感受有变化，以及整个行业的新动态，都为软件带来不断完善功能、优化性能及提高用户友好性的要求。项目经理经常面对用户的需求变更。如果不能有效处理这些需求变更，项目计划会一再调整，软件交付日期一再拖延，项目研发人员的士气将越来越低落，将直接导致项目成本增加、质量下降及项目失败。这要求项目组需要拥有好的需求管理工具。
需求管理工具的主要目的是实现客户及开发小组之间内部的良好沟通、有效的减少错误，增加项目可控性，保证项目按期按预算顺利进行、规范软件开发过程，确保软件质量,为需求的组织、集成和分析提供方便。本系统将结合需求文档管理条目化管理的要求，使需求具有可追溯性，而且很好的控制软件需求的变更，通过基线管理等方式，实现需求的可跟踪性，增加团队开发的积极性和项目管理的可控性，从而准确地控制需求变更。主要功能包括需求定制、需求跟踪、需求检索、需求基线管理、需求权限管理、相关需求的讨论，报表等功能。
本文将结合系统功能，介绍需求管理中的一些基本概念及相关的需求管理过程，然后阐述本系统的一些具体实现方案和该系统工具的一些基本功能。

关键字：需求管理，需求属性，基线

Requriments Management Of Software Quality Management System

Abstract
The Requeriment changes run through the entire software developerment life cycle, from projects setting up, developing, maintaining, to users’ feed back. Also the progress in industry, continuous improvement of software functions, performance optimizing, and user-friendly requirements bring new requirement changes. In the software project management process, project managers are often faced with the user''s requirement change. If it is not effectively handled, the project plan will be adjusted frequently, software delivery date will be delayed, the project costs will increase, and the quality of the project will be declined . This requires the project team should have a good demand management tool.
Requriements management tool should intend to achieve the main objective of good internal communication between clients and the development team ,effectively reducing errors, improvement of projects’controllable , ensuring that the project runs in schedule, standardized software development process to ensure that the quality of software, and to make it conveniences for requriements sorting, integration and analysis . The system will be integrated with requirements’document management, with requirements’ traceability, with good control software requriement changes, baseline management practices, and achieve the tracking requriments, increase the positive development team and project management, controllable, thereby accurately control requriement changes. Key features include customized demand, demand tracking and retrieval needs, the baseline demand management, power demand management and related needs discussion statements, and other functions.
Along with the implement system, this paper will introduce some basic concepts of requirements management,and requirements management process, then described the system to achieve some of the specific programs and some basic functionality of the tool.

Key Words:Requriments Management, Requriement Attribute, Baseline

 目    录
1．绪论 1
1.1课题来源及研究意义 1
1.2课题目前研究现状及存在的问题 1
1.3本文结构 2
2．需求管理中常用的概念和过程 4
2.1需求管理中常用到的概念 4
2.1.1需求 4
2.1.2需求管理 4
2.1.3需求类型 5
2.1.4需求类型里的需求属性 5
2.2需求管理 5
2.3.1需求管理方针 6
2.3.2需求管理相关职责描述 7
2.3.3主过程描述 8
2.3.4子过程描述 10
3．系统体系结构设计 18
3.1设计模式介绍 18
3.2服务器 18
3.3客户端层 19
4．系统实现 20
4.1数据库设计 20
4.2客户端实现 26
4.3本系统设计中一些关键算法 27
5．系统的主要功能模块 29
5.1需求定制 29
5.2版本控制 30
5.3变更历史 30
5.4基线管理 31
5.5需求跟踪 32
6．本系统有待完善的地方 33
结    论 35
致    谢 36
参考文献 37