中小型企业软件质量保证实施研究

论文字数:13322,页数:28 有开题报告，任务书

摘 要
 软件过程改善是各个企业建立适合自身软件生产线和促进软件工业化生产的必由之路，软件过程理论和技术的研究与应用始终存在一定的差距，在国内外成功应用并受益于这些软件经验与技术的企业多数是国防企业和大型的商业企业，中小型企业具有不同于大型企业的企业特征，这些特征有些有利于软件工程技术的应用与实施，而有些又限制了软件工程技术的应用与实施。软件过程改善的关键是量体裁衣，以理论和模型为指导，充分结合企业特征，进行适合企业特色的软件过程改善。
 该文在分析中小型软件企业的企业文化、企业规模、软件生产的创新能力、动态变化能力、技术革新能力等特征的基础上，提出在对中小型软件企业进行过程改善时应突出几个方面，一是过程改善应充分利用开发组的丰富创造能力为解决过程改善问题提出方案，在确立过程改善目标时应尽可能多地涉及各种层次的项目组人员，同时采取划分过程改善任务单元的方法，不破坏软件开发过程的连续性；二是过程改善是应着重企业关心的目标，不一定完全依从CMM在进行过程改善时，应实施“项目分析”关键子域，“项目分析”是以过程度量为核心的，分析已完成项目的过程行为信息，总结过程经验。实践例子是我在广州赛意科技有限公司所在使用的软件质量保证监控要素以及其拓展要素。

关键词：软件过程，软件质量，过程改进
Software quality assurance implementation for medium and small
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Abstract
 Software process improvement is the pathway for a corporation to create its software production lines and for a county to accelerate the industrialized software production. But there are gaps between theories and applications of software process and engineering. Only some large corporations and some national defense enterprises get benefit from the new software theories and practices. The medium and small corporations have so many different characters from the large ones that they must get more efficiency to use their limited resource to improve the software process.
 This article centralizes the solution about the software process improvement technology and practice for small and medium corporations. Based an the marked characters of these  corporations Inherited enterprise culture, Size & Scope, Creativity, Dynamic changeable ability, the article stresses three point about the improvement strategy. The first one is that the Software process improvement tasks are divided to keep the project development process and Software process improvement parallel and to get more personnel involved in the Software process improvement activities. The second one is that there must be clear objectives to improve process and the objectives must be evaluated in the evolving process. And the objectives do not always comply with CMM. Also, the “completed project analysis” is the very important practice for small and medium corporations and must be executed in the evolving process. At last, an example illustrates the software process improvement strategy. The example is software quality assurance points and widening points about SIE Consulting Co., Ltd.

Keywords: software process, software quality, process improvement

目录
1 引言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 国外软件质量保证已有成果 2
1.3 论文研究成果 3
1.4 论文组织结构 4
2 中小企业的质量保证实施研究 5
2.1 PDCA原则指导持续过程改进 5
2.2 面向国内中小软件企业的软件度量框架 5
2.2.1 过程层 6
2.2.2 度量层 6
2.2.3 评价/决策层 7
2.2.4 实施层 8
2.3 面向国内中小软件企业的全面质量保证框架 9
2.3.1 实行工程化开发 9
2.3.2 实行阶段性冻结与改动控制 10
2.3.3 实行里程碑式的审查与版本控制 10
2.3.4 实行面向用户参与的原型演化 10
2.3.5 尽量采用面向对象和基于构件的方法 10
2.3.6 全面测试 11
2.3.7 引入外部监理与审计 11
3 实践部分 12
3.1 企业背景介绍 12
3.2 企业特色软件开发项目质量监控体系 13
3.2.1 部门级监控要素 14
3.2.2 计划与执行监控要素 15
3.2.3 配置管理监控要素 16
3.2.4 项目过程管理监控要素 16
3.2.5 知识积累监控要素 19
3.3 标准要素的拓展 19
结论 21
致谢 22
参考文献 23