8.18电子琴程序设计与仿真
顶层程序与仿真,音阶发生器程序与仿真,数控分频模块程序与仿真,自动演奏模块程序与仿真设计例见随书所附光盘中文件:8.17电子琴VHDL程序与仿真。
1.顶层程序与仿真
(1)顶层VHDL程序
--文件名:top.vhd
--功能:顶层文件
--最后修改日期:2004.3.20
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
entity top is
Port ( clk32MHz :in std_logic; --32MHz系统时钟
handTOauto : in std_logic; --键盘输入/自动演奏
code1 :out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0); --音符显示信号
index1 :in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); --键盘输入信号
high1 :out std_logic; --高低音节信号
spkout :out std_logic); --音频信号
end top;
architecture Behavioral of top is
component automusic
Port ( clk :in std_logic;
Auto: in std_logic;
index2:in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
index0 : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0));
end component;
component tone
Port ( index : in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
code : out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0);
high : out std_logic;
tone0 : out integer range 0 to 2047);
end component;
component speaker
Port ( clk1 : in std_logic;
tone1 : in integer range 0 to 2047;
spks : out std_logic);
end component;
signal tone2: integer range 0 to 2047;
signal indx:std_logic_vector(7 downto 0);
begin
u0:automusic port map(clk=>clk32MHZ,index2=>index1,index0=>indx,Auto=>handtoAuto);
u1: tone port map(index=>indx,tone0=>tone2,code=>code1,high=>high1);
u2: speaker port map(clk1=>clk32MHZ,tone1=>tone2,spks=>spkout);
end Behavioral;
(2)仿真
顶层文件仿真图如图8.17.2所示。
图8.17.2 顶层文件仿真图
2. 音阶发生器程序与仿真
(1) 音阶发生器VHDL程序
--文件名:tone.vhd。
--功能:
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
entity tone is
Port ( index : in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); --音符输入信号
code : out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0); --音符显示信号
high : out std_logic; --高低音显示信号
tone0 : out integer range 0 to 2047); --音符的分频系数
end tone;
architecture Behavioral of tone is
begin
search :process(index) --此进程完成音符到音符的分频系数译码,音符的显示,高低音阶
begin
case index is
when "00000001" => tone0<=773;code<="1001111";high<='1';
when "00000010"=> tone0<=912;code<="0010010";high<='1';
when "00000100" => tone0<=1036;code<="0000110";high<='1';
when "00001000" => tone0<=1116;code<="1001100";high<='1';
when "00010000" => tone0<=1197;code<="0100100";high<='1';
when "00100000" => tone0<=1290;code<="0100000";high<='0';
when "01000000" => tone0<=1372;code<="0001111";high<='0';
when "10000000" => tone0<=1410;code<="0000000";high<='0';
when others => tone0<=2047;code<="0000001";high<='0';
end case;
end process;
end Behavioral;
(2)音阶发生器程序仿真
音阶发生器程序仿真图如图8.17.3所示。
图8.17.3 音阶发生器仿真图
3. 数控分频模块程序与仿真
(1) 数控分频模块VHDL程序
--文件名:speaker.vhd。
--功 能:实现数控分频。
--最后修改日期:20004.3.19。
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
entity speaker is
Port ( clk1 : in std_logic; --系统时钟
tone1 : in integer range 0 to 30624; --音符分频系数
spks : out std_logic); --驱动扬声器的音频信号
end speaker;
architecture Behavioral of speaker is
signal preclk,fullspks:std_logic;
begin
pulse1:process(clk1) --此进程对系统时钟进行4分频
variable count:integer range 0 to 8;
begin
if clk1'event and clk1='1' then count:=count+1;
if count=2 then preclk<='1';
<, P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0">elsif count=4 then preclk<='0';count:=0;end if;
end if;
end process pulse1;
genspks:process(preclk,tone1)
--此进程按照tone1输入的分频系数对8MHz的脉冲再次分频,得到所需要的音符频率
variable count11:integer range 0 to 30624;
begin
if preclk'event and preclk='1' then
if count11<tone1 then count11:=count11+1;fullspks<='1';
else count11:=0;fullspks<='0';
end if;
end if;
end process;
delaysps:process(fullspks) --此进程对fullspks进行2分频
variable count2 :std_logic:='0';
begin
if fullspks'event and fullspks='1' then count2:=not count2;
if count2='1' then spks<='1';
else spks<='0';
end if;
end if;
end process;
end Behavioral;
(2) 数控分频模块程序仿真
数控分频模块程序仿真图如图8.17.4所示。
图8.17.4 数控分频模块仿真图
4. 自动演奏模块程序与仿真
(1) 自动演奏模块VHDL程序
--文件名:automusic.vhd
--功 能:实现自动演奏功能。
--最后修改日期:2004.3.19。
library IEEE;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;
use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;
entity automusic is
Port ( clk,Auto : in std_logic; --系统时钟;键盘输入/自动演奏
index2 : in std_logic_vector(7 downto 0); --键盘输入信号
index0 : out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0)); --音符信号输出
end automusic;
architecture Behavioral of automusic is
signal count0:integer range 0 to 31;--change
signal clk2:std_logic;
begin
pulse0:process(clk,Auto) --此进程完成对系统时钟8M的分频,得到4Hz的信号clk2
variable count:integer range 0 to 8000000;
begin
if Auto='1' then count:=0;clk2<='0';
elsif clk'event and clk='1' then count:=count+1;
if count=4000000(4) then clk2<='1';
elsif count=8000000 (8)then clk2<='0';count:=0;
end if;
end if;
end process;
music:process(clk2) --此进程完成自动演奏部分曲的地址累加
begin
if clk2'event and clk2='1' then
if count0=31 then count0<=0;
else count0<=count0+1;
end if;
end if;
end process;
com1:process(count0,Auto,index2)
begin
if Auto='0' then
case count0 is --此case语句:存储自动演奏部分的曲
when 0 => index0<="00000100"; --3
when 1 => index0<="00000100"; --3
when 2 => index0<="00000100"; --3
when 3 => index0<="00000100"; --3
when 4 => index0<="00010000"; --5
when 5 => index0<="00010000"; --5
when 6 => index0<="00010000"; --5
when 7 => index0<="00100000"; --6
when 8 => index0<="10000000"; --8
when 9 => index0<="10000000"; --8
when 10 =>index0<="10000000"; --8
when 11=> index0<="00000100"; --3
when 12=> index0<="00000010"; --2
when 13=> index0<="00000010"; --2
when 14=> index0<="00000001"; --1
when 15=> index0<="00000001"; --1
when 16=> index0<="00010000"; --5
when 17=> index0<="00010000"; --5
when 18=> index0<="00001000"; --4
when 19=> index0<="00001000"; --4
when 20=> index0<="00001000"; --4
when 21=> index0<="00000100"; --3
when 22=> index0<="00000010"; --2
when 23=> index0<="00000010"; --2
when 24=> index0<="00010000"; --5
when 25=> index0<="00010000"; --5
when 26=> index0<="00001000"; --4
when 27=> index0<="00001000"; --4
when 28=> index0<="00000100"; --3
when 29=> index0<="00000100"; --3
when 30=> index0<="00000010"; --2
when 31=> index0<="00000010"; --2
when others => null;
end case;
else index0<=index2; --键盘输入音符信号输出
end if;
end process;
end Behavioral;
(2)自动演奏模块程序仿真
自动演奏模块仿真图如图8.17.5所示。
图8.17.5 自动演奏模块仿真图
(注:由于输入频率太高,实验条件所限,如按源程序仿真将看不到输出波形,因此将原脉冲的分频点4000000和8000000改为4和8,得到如图的仿真结果,在实际烧制芯片中不作此处理。)