正则表达式30分钟入门教程v2.1版

鉴于大家对正则表达式十分关注，我们编辑小组在此为大家搜集整理了“正则表达式30分钟入门教程 v2.1版”一文，供大家参考学习

运行下面的代码就可以看到

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="zh" lang="zh"><head>     <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312" />     <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="zh-CN" />     <title>正则表达式30分钟入门教程</title>          <meta name="keywords" content="正则表达式,教程,入门,文本匹配,语法" />     <meta name="description" content="30分钟内让你明白正则表达式是什么，并对它有一些基本的了解，让你可以在自己的程序或网页里使用它。" />     <meta name="author" content="deerchao" />     <style type="text/css">             h1 {text-align:center}             p {text-indent:2em; line-height:140%; margin:auto 10px}             span {margin:3px}             table {margin:auto; border-style:solid; border-width:1px 1px 0 0; border-color:gray}             td, th {border-style:solid; border-width:0 0 1px 1px; border-color:gray}             caption {margin:auto; font-weight:bold}             dl {margin-left:20px}             dt {font-weight:bold}             .name {font-weight:bold}             .code {color:blue}             .regex {color:red}             .part {color:green}             .string {font-style:italic}             .desc {text-decoration:underline}             .warning {font-size:small; color:red;}             #clearButton {text-decoration:none; border:solid 1px gray; background-color:#eee;}     </style>     </head><body>     <h1>         正则表达式30分钟入门教程 v2.1</h1>     <p style="text-align: center;">         作者：deerchao 来源:unibetter大学生社区 转载请注明来源</p>     <h2>目录</h2>     <ol>         <li>本文目标</li>         <li>如何使用本教程</li>         <li>什么是正则表达式？</li>         <li>入门</li>         <li>测试正则表达式</li>         <li>元字符</li>         <li>字符转义</li>         <li>重复</li>         <li>字符类</li>         <li>反义</li>         <li>替换</li>         <li>分组</li>         <li>后向引用</li>         <li>位置指定</li>         <li>负向位置指定</li>         <li>注释</li>         <li>贪婪与懒惰</li>         <li>处理选项</li>         <li>平衡组/递归匹配</li>         <li>还有些什么东西没提到</li>         <li>一些我认为你可能已经知道的术语的参考</li>         <li>网上的资源及本文参考文献</li>         <li>更新说明</li>     </ol>     <h2 id="mission">         本文目标</h2>     <p>         30分钟内让你明白正则表达式是什么，并对它有一些基本的了解，让你可以在自己的程序或网页里使用它。</p>     <h2 id="howtouse">         如何使用本教程</h2>     <p> 别被下面那些复杂的表达式吓倒，只要跟着我一步一步来，你会发现正则表达式其实并<span lang="zh-cn">没有</span>你想像中的那么困难。当然，如果你看完了这篇教程之后，发现自己明白了很多，却又几乎什么都记不得，那也是很正常的——我认为，没接触过正则表达式的人在看完这篇教程后，能把提到过的语法记住80%以上的可能性为零。这里只是让你明白基本的原理，以后你还需要多练习，多查资料，才能熟练掌握正则表达式。</p>     <p>         除了作为入门教程之外，本文还试图成为可以在日常工作中使用的正则表达式语法参考手册（就作者本人的经历来说，这个目标还是完成得不错的）。</p>     <p>         文本格式约定：<span class="name">专业术语</span> <span class="code">元字符/语法格式</span> <span class="regex">正则表达式</span> <span class="part">正则表达式中的一部分(用于分析)</span> <span class="string">用于在其中搜索的字符串</span> <span class="desc">对正则表达式或其中一部分的说明</span>清除格式</p>     <h2 id="introduction">         什么是正则表达式？</h2>     <p>         在编写处理字符串的程序或网页时，经常会有查找符合某些复杂规则的字符串的需要。<span class="name">正则表达式</span>就是用于描述这些规则的工具。换句话说，正则表达式就是记录文本规则的代码。</p>     <p>         很可能你使用过Windows/Dos下用于文件查找的<span class="name">通配符(wildcard)</span>，也就是<span class="code">*</span>和<span class="code">?</span>。如果你想查找某个目录下的所有的Word文档的话，你会搜索<span style="color: red;">*.doc</span>。在这里，<span class="code">*</span>会被解释成任意的字符串。和通配符类似，正则表达式也是用来进行文本匹配的工具，只不过比起通配符，它能更精确地描述你的需求——当然，代价就是更复杂——比如你可以编写一个正则表达式，用来查找<span class="desc">所有以0开头，后面跟着2-3个数字，然后是一个连字号"-"，最后是7或8位数字的字符串</span>(像<span class="string">010-12345678</span>或<span class="string">0376-7654321</span>)。</p>     <p id="match">         正则表达式是用于进行文本匹	 
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