报告研究资料的获取途径也很多，包括文献调查、考察调查、问卷调查、设计
并进行实验、科学观测等。主要采用哪些资料获取途径，一定要经过充分的研究。
8．研究的成果形式
开题报告研究的成果形式包括报告、论文、发明、软件、课件等多种形式。专题不
同，研究成果的内容、形式也不一样。但不管形式是什么，专题研究必须有成果，
否则，就是这个专题没有完成。
9．研究的组织机构和人员分工
在集体开题报告研究方案中，要写出专题组组长、副组长，专题组成员以及分工。
专题组组长就是本专题的负责人。
专题组的分工必须要分得明确合理，争取让每个人了解自己的工作和责任，不能吃
大锅饭，但是在分工的基础上，也要注意全体人员的合作，大家共同研究，共同商
讨，克服研究过程中的各种困难和问题。
How to write a research proposal
When you are applying for a research degree, like the PhD, you will very
probably have to write a research proposal as a part of your applicatio
n file. A PhD is awarded mainly as the result of your making a genuine c
ontribution to the state of knowledge in a field of your choice. Even th
ough this is not the Nobel Prize yet, getting the degree means you have
added something to what has previously been known on the subject you hav
e researched. But first you have to prove you are capable of making such
a contribution, and therefore write a research proposal that meets cert
ain standards. The goal of a research proposal (RP) is to present and ju
stify a research idea you have and to present the practical ways in whic
h you think this research should be conducted.
When you are writing a RP, keep in mind that it will enter a competition
, being read in line with quite a few other RPs. You have to come up wit
h a document that has an impact upon the reader: write clearly and well
structured so that your message gets across easily. Basically, your RP h
as to answer three big questions: what research project will you underta
ke, why is important to know that thing and how will you proceed to make
that research.
In order to draw the researcher''s attention upon your paper, write an in
troduction with impact, and that leads to the formulation of your hypoth
esis. The research hypothesis has to be specific, concise (one phrase) a
nd to lead to the advancement of the knowledge in the field in some way.
Writing the hypothesis in a concise manner and, first, coming up with a
good hypothesis is a difficult mission. This is actually the core of yo
ur application: you''re going to a university to do this very piece of re
search. Compared to this, the rest of the application is background scen
ery. Take your time to think of it. When you have an idea, be careful at
the formulation. A well-written hypothesis is something of an essay''s t
hesis: it provides a statement that can be tested (argues ahead one of t
he possible answers to a problem), it is an idea, a concept, and not a m
ere fact, and is summed up in one phrase. In some cases, you will have n
o idea what the possible answer to a problem worth being researched is,
but you will be able to think of a way to solve that problem, and find o
ut the answer in the meantime. I
