摘要
大坝失事将造成不可挽回的损失，直接危及大坝下游人民生命财产的安全，因此，确保大坝安全运行十分重要。大坝安全自动化监测系统是监测大坝工程安全、提高设计水平和改进施工方法的行之有效的手段，对大坝安全实行自动化监测势在必行。本文进行了大坝安全自动化监测系统的研究，设计研制了一种新型的大坝安全自动化测控装置。
本大坝安全监测自动化系统设计采用分布式数据采集方式，主要由监测传感器、测控装置及监控主机三部分组成。监测传感器用于实时监测大坝的各种应力、渗流、变形以及环境量等的变化。测控装置则完成对所连接的各类监测传感器的输出信号进行采集、处理和存储，并实现与监控主机的通信等。监控主机对测控装置上传的资料进行运算处理，进一步分析大坝的运行状态，以有效地评估大坝的安全状况。
大坝安全监测自动化系统的监测项目和监测传感器繁多，为满足通用性的要求，本测控装置选取了具有代表性的几种监测传感器或仪器进行监测，主要有：差动电阻式传感器、振弦式传感器、静力水准仪、垂线坐标仪以及压阻式水位传感器等。文中详细介绍了所选传感器或仪器的监测项目及工作原理，并针对所选监测传感器的输出信号，设计了相应的接口电路及信号处理方法。在此基础上，从工程应用的角度对测控装置进行了总体设计，包括硬件处理电路和测量运算程序。
大坝安全监测系统分布范围广，测控装置工作环境恶劣，易受多种干扰的影响。因此，在测控装置的开发过程中，对测控系统可能受到的干扰和干扰的途径进行了分析，设计在装置的硬件和软件方面采取了防雷、抗干扰、防潮、温度补偿等多种有效措施，全面提高装置的可靠性和精确性。
关键词：传感器；大坝；安全监测；自动化；抗干扰
Abstract
Dam wreckage will cause tremendous damage, doing harm to people''s life and property, so it is very important to keep dam safely running. The automation system for dam safety monitoring is effective method, which can supervise dam security, improve the level of design, and advance construction technique, so it is imperative to carry out dam safety monitoring under the situation. The automation system for dam safety monitoring is researched in this paper, and new automation measurement and control equipment is researched and developed.
The automation system for dam safety monitoring, which is adopted the principal and subordinate distributed network, is composed of the transducers, the intelligent measurement and control equipments, and the host computer. The transducers are used to monitor the change of stress, seepage, distortion, surroundings and etc. The measurement and control equipments are used to sample and process the signal of the transducers, and memorize the results, then communicate with the host computer, and etc. The host computer processes the measurement data, analyzes the state of the dam running, so as to evaluate the status of dam safety.
There are many monitoring items and transducers in the automation system for dam safety monitoring. In order to improve the compatibility of the equipment, several representational transducers are chosen to be connected with the equipment, such as, the differential resistance transducer, the vibrating wire transducer, the water level instrument, the coordinate instrument, the piezoresistive transducer and etc. The supervising and measuring items and working principles of the choosing transducers are particularly introduced, and the corresponding signal processing interfaces circuits of the transducers are designed. Then the measurement and control equipment is generally designed, including the hardware and software.
The full extent of the dam safety monitoring system is very wide, and the field environment where the equipment is working is abominable, so the equipment is easy to be affected by much interference. On devising the equipment, the interfere and its passes are analyzed, then many measures, such as lightning proof, anti-interference, damp proof, temperature compensation, and etc. are took to assure the currency and reliability of the equipment.
Key Words: transducer; dam; safety monitoring; automation; anti-interference
摘要 I
Abstract II
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 问题的提出 1
1.2 大坝安全监测的发展 2
1.2.1 大坝监测传感器的发展状况 2
1.2.2 大坝安全监测
