除雪机的转载部分结构设计

摘  要

  2008年年初全国各地普降大雪，尤其是中国南方，百年不遇的雪灾给城市的发展、社会的和谐带来了不小的麻烦。考虑到中国北方大部分城市在冬季均会下雪，而东北地区等每年下的雪量较多，而国内的除雪机在除雪速度、除雪效率等各方面均与国外先进水平有一定差距，国内除雪机的发展势在必行。在此尝试设计除雪机的转载机构，包括集雪箱、压缩机构、传输机构和回转装置，使除雪机在收集城市道路或高速公路的积雪时，能同时对积雪进行压缩和转载，达到迅速清除道路积雪的目的。

在本设计中，主要进行了三个液压缸的设计，带传动的设计，回转装置中减速系统的设计，还对两个液压马达，一个液压泵，一个回转支承及其他一些必须的零部件进行了选用。并且对各系统完成了装配，对整个转载系统也尝试了用一种新奇的方法使各个机构结合在一起并工作。

    由于本人知识有限，实际生产经验不足，故此设计中错误之处在所难免。希望我的设计能给国内的除雪机设计带来小小的进步。

 关键词：除雪机 ；压缩 ；液压

At the beginning of 2008 the whole country met with heavy snow. Especially South of China, the snow became a disaster to the development of city and the social’s harmony which was never come across in the past 100 years. In consideration of Chinese greatly parts of cities in the north will have snow in winter, and the local snow shifters have bad speed compared with those overseas, in addition to snow shifting efficiency etc, designing of local snow shifters must be developed more. Here I try to design a carrying system of a snow shifter, which includes a gathering box, compressing organization and delivering organization, making the snow shifter compress the snow and transport it when it is working on the city road or highway to achieve purpose of clearing snow.

I mainly carried on several designs about 3 hydraulic cylinders, a belt drive and a moderating system of swinging device, also I had selected 2 hydraulic motors, a hydraulic pump, a slewing bearing etc.，including anything necessary the system needs. I also have done the job of assembling the organizations of the system, finally, I tried to assemble the things together in a strange way to finish the whole carrying system.  

Because of my limited knowledge and actual producing shortage, there are many unavoidable mistakes in the design. I just hope that my design brings a progress to the local snowing shifting designing, even tiny.

Keywords：snow shifter ；compress ；hydraulics

 目    录

1 绪论1

1.1选题的意义1

1.1.1及时清除积雪的必要性1

1.1.2主要的除雪方法1

1.2国内外研究概况和发展趋势3

1.3本文的主要任务4

本章小节4

2 除雪机的方案研究5

2.1总体方案的确定5

2.2具体方案的确定6

2.2.1液压缸的设计6

2.2.2液压泵的选用10

2.2.3带传动的设计11

2.2.4回转系统的设计12

本章小结12

3 液压缸的设计和计算14

  3.1液压缸A和B的设计和计算14

  3.1.1活塞14

  3.1.2活塞杆15

  3.1.3缸筒17

  3.1.4导向环和导向套24

  3.1.5缓冲装置25

  3.1.6带放气孔的单向阀26

  3.1.7油口26

  3.1.8密封件和防尘圈27

  3.2液压缸C的设计和计算 28

  3.2.1活塞28

  3.2.2活塞杆29

  3.2.3缸筒30

  3.2.4导向环和导向套37

  3.2.5缓冲装置38

  3.2.6带放气孔的单向阀38

  3.2.7油口39

  3.2.8密封件和防尘圈39

  本章小结39

4 带传动的设计和计算41

  本章小结45

5 回转系统的设计和计算46

  5.1回转支承的选用和计算46

  5.1.1回转支承的选用46

  5.1.2回转支承的选型计算46

  5.2减速装置的设计和计算50

  5.2.1直齿锥齿轮的设计和计算51

  5.2.2直齿圆柱齿轮的设计和计算54

  5.2.3轴的设计和计算58

  本章小结62

6 液压泵的选用63

  本章小结64

7 液压系统的设计75

7.1液压系统的结构75

7.2液压系统的PLC控制75

  本章小结68

8 结论69

参考文献70

翻译部分71

英文原文71

中文译文79

致谢84