氢溴酸法合成1－溴代正辛烷

论文编号:HG222  论文字数:16894,页数:46

摘  要
 烷基溴在日用化工和医药合成方面有重要用途，其中1-溴代正辛烷是合成农药杀虫剂菌毒清的重要中间体，也是合成紫外线吸收剂UV-531的重要原料。
 本实验采用氢溴酸法，用浓硫酸作催化剂，以正辛醇、工业废氢溴酸(48%)及浓硫酸为原料，合成1-溴代正辛烷。实验重点考察了正辛醇与氢溴酸的摩尔比、正辛醇与浓硫酸的摩尔、以及时间分别对反应产率的影响。实验的较佳合成条件为：正辛醇﹕氢溴酸﹕浓硫酸(摩尔比)为1﹕1.15﹕1.38，反应温度为110 ℃~115 ℃，反应时间为三小时。实验所得产品的产率最高可以达到99.0 %。
 用色谱仪和红外仪对产品进行纯度分析和结构表征。色谱结果表明纯度为99.0%，证明几乎无副产物，红外分析结果证明产品的红外谱图与标准谱图非常接近。
 此种合成方法与传统的合成方法相比优点在于：反应条件温和、操作简单、物料比经济、产率及纯度高达99.0%。因此用该方法合成的产品可以不经过提纯直接应用于工业生产UV-531的中间体，即有较好的工业前景。为UV-531的绿色合成提供可靠的参考。
关键词：1-溴代正辛烷，紫外线吸收剂UV-531，氢溴酸法, 2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮

Alkyl bromides played various important roles in chemical industry concerned with products for daily use and synthesis of medical aspects. Ｎ-octyl bromide was a very important intermediate in the synthesis of Jun-du-tsing. It was also the important materials in the synthesis of UV-531.
 Ｎ-octyl bromide was synthesized by hydrobromic method in which took n-octanol and industrial waste hydrobromic acid(48%) as materials, concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The mole ratio of octanol, hydrobromide，octanol and concentrated sulfuric acid were observed, as well as the impact of time on reaction rate. The best synthetic conditions of the experiment was as follows: octanol﹕hydro- bromide﹕concentrated sulfuric acid (mole Ratio) 1:1.15:1.38, reaction temperature 110 ℃ ~115 ℃, reaction time 3h. The yield of the product was more than 99%.
 Raw product was analyzed by GC and IR for purity analysis and structure characterization. The result showed that the purity of the product was 99%, and also showed that no by-product was generated. IR indicated that the spectrum of the product was the same as the standards.
 Compared with classical methods, this method has the advantages of good material feeding ratio, short reaction time, easy preparation and mild reaction conditions, yield and purity reached to 99.0%. The product can be directly used for produce UV-531 without purification. That shows it has a good industrial prospect. It can provide reliable reference for the green synthesis of UV-531
Key words：n-octyl bromide ，UV-absorber UV-531，Law Hydro bromide 2-Hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone
 
目录
前言 1
第一部分 文献综述 3
1.1 1-溴代正辛烷的性质 10
1.2 1-溴代正辛烷的用途 10
1.3 1-溴代正辛烷的应用 11
1.3.1 安索菌毒清 11
1.3.2 紫外线吸附剂（UV-531） 12
1.4 1-溴代正辛烷的合成方法 17
1.4.1 溴磷法[12] 17
1.4.2 氢溴酸水溶液法 18
1.4.3 溴化钠-浓硫酸法[16] 19
1.4.4 其他法合成溴代正辛烷 20
1.5 合成方法探讨 21
第二部分  实验 23
2.1 目的与创新 23
2.2 实验部分 23
2.2.1 原料与试剂 23
2.2.2 实验仪器及测试条件 25
2.3 实验步骤 26
2.4 实验现象 27
第三部分  结果与讨论 28
3.1 产品表征 28
3.1.1 产品红外表征 28
3.1.2 产品色谱分析 29
3.2 单因素实验 30
3.2.1 正辛醇与氢溴酸摩尔比对反应产率的影响 31
3.2.2 正辛醇与浓硫酸摩尔比对反应产率的影响 32
3.2.3 时间对反应产率的影响 34
3.2.4 放大及重复实验 35
3.2.5 放大10倍的动力学实验 37
3.3 结论 38
参考文献 39
致  谢 41