作者:郭令鸟,周鹏嵩,刘宁,霍贵成
【摘要】 目的 了解儿童牛乳蛋白过敏(cow milk protein allergy ,CMPA)现状,为CMPA的防治和致敏食物的监管提供科学依据。方法 以自编问卷、皮肤点刺试验、德国敏筛试纸实验作为初步诊断依据,对哈尔滨市5 840名6~10岁学龄儿童进行筛查,分析牛乳蛋白过敏的影响因素。结果 在有效答卷5 720份中,自诉牛乳蛋白过敏的学生196例,其中47例皮肤点刺实验、德国敏筛试纸均呈阳性,CMPA发生率为0.82%。牛乳蛋白过敏多为皮疹,其次为胃肠过敏。除对牛乳蛋白过敏外,同时也对其他食物过敏。喂养方式、其他食物过敏情况、父母过敏情况是CMPA发生的影响因素。结论 应采取母乳喂养、推荐食用低致敏婴儿配方粉等综合措施预防和治疗CMPA。
【关键词】 乳类过敏反应;食物过敏;因素分析,统计学;儿童
【Abstract】 Objective To survey the status of cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) in school age children, and to provide scientific basis for monitoring food allergy. Methods A total of 5 720 students from Xiangfang district in Harbin elementary schools were surveyed by questionnaire, skin prick test and German allergy screen test as a preliminary diagnosis. After that, influential factors related to milk protein allergy were analyzed by use of the collected data. Results One hundred and nintysix students had ever suffered CMPA at least once, 47 students showed positive reaction in skin prick test and German allergy screen test. The prevalence of CMPA was 0.82%. The major symptoms of CMPA were rash, followed by gastrointestinal allergy. In addition to CMPA, they were allergic to other food at the same time. Related factors on CMPA are feeding mode, other food allergy and parental allergy. Conclusion Comprehensive measures including breastfeeding,recommending low allergy baby for mula powder should be taken to prevent and control CMPA.
【Key words】 Milk hypersensitivity;Food hypersensitivity;Factor analysis,statistical;Child
牛乳蛋白过敏是儿童一种常见的食物过敏,严重地影响儿童的身体健康[1]。有研究显示,牛乳蛋白过敏在儿童中的发生率为0.5%~7.5%[2]。为了解我国牛乳蛋白过敏的现状,笔者进行了牛乳蛋白过敏流行情况调查。
1 对象与方法
1.1 对象 2007年4-5月,采用随机整群抽样方法,选取哈尔滨市香坊区7所小学健康学龄儿童共5 840名为调查对象,年龄为6~10岁。
1.2 方法 在参考Corners父母问卷的基础上,编制儿童牛乳蛋白过敏调查表,包含年龄、性别、父母及家族其他人过敏史等内容。对任教班主任集中讲解调查表意义、内容及填写方法,再由各班主任将表分发给所选调查对象的家长,并负责向家长讲解调查表内容和填写方法,并回收表格,共收回有效答卷5 720份。对自诉牛乳蛋白过敏儿童在征得家长及儿童同意后,进行皮肤点刺实验、德国敏筛试纸试验及半乳糖氧化酶法检测。将正常儿童与经临床检验后的病例进行比较,确定牛乳蛋白过敏发生的影响因素。
1.3 数据分析 所有数据采用SPSS 12.0进行统计分析。
2 结果与分析
2.1 儿童CMPA流行情况及症状 196名儿童自诉牛乳蛋白过敏,男、女之比为1.1∶1,性别对牛乳蛋白过敏无影响(P=0.44)。99例皮肤点刺实验阳性,占自诉曾患CMPA的50.5%;对皮肤点刺实验阳性儿童进一步采用德国敏筛试纸判定牛乳蛋白过敏情况,结果阳性例数为47例,占总调查人数的0.82%。半乳糖氧化酶法结果呈阴性,确定无乳糖不耐受。
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