行政复议功能缺失问题研究
Research of Absence of Functions of Administrative Reconsideration
【摘要】 行政复议是现代民主政治的产物,既是公众维权的法律救济途径,也是行政机关解决行政争议的法律手段。然而,我国行政复议制度在社会生活中却没有发挥出应有的实效,这可能源于对行政复议定位不准,认识不到位。本文首先尝试将行政复议视为一个系统来重新认识行政复议制度的基础理论,科学界定行政复议的系统结构、目的、性质和定位,进而把握行政复议的功能及影响行政复议功能的因素。本文结合长沙行政复议制度运行的实际,从功能的角度切入,通过认识功能缺失的表现来体现行政复议存在的问题,并根据影响行政复议功能的因素,运用法学、公共管理学和法经济学理论,从外部环境、层次结构和秩序结构等方面对行政复议功能缺失问题的原因进行了探究。本文把行政复议分别与信访、行政诉讼进行了经济学比较分析,从中得到启示;并总结外国有利于行政复议功能发挥的做法,梳理其功能发挥卓越的原因,得到符合我国国情的借鉴,提出解决行政复议功能缺失问题的对策。
【Abstract】 Administrative reconsideration, which is the product of modern democracy, is the legal method of relief for the public to defend their rights and also the one for the administrative organizations to solve administrative disputes. Probably because of the improper orientation and understanding, however, the administrative reconsideration system in China has not play its full role in people's social life.Regarding administrative reconsideration as a system, the author firstly tries to reinterpret its elementary theories, scientifically define its systematic structure, purposes, nature and orientation, so as to master its functions as well as the influential elements.Then in the light of the functioning of the administrative reconsideration system in Changsha city and starting from the angle of functions, the author probes into the existing problems of administrative reconsideration by recognizing the manifestations of the absence of functions. At the same time, he makes a further inquiry into the causes of the functional absence from the aspects of external environment, administrative levels and sequences by using the theories of law, public management in addition to law economics and in line with the influential elements of administrative functions.In this paper, the author also makes a comparative economic analysis of administrative reconsideration, letters and calls of complaints, and administrative litigation. Then after studying the overseas effective methods to bring into full play the functions of administrative reconsideration and the causes of their remarkable achievements, he puts forward some Countermeasures to solve the problem of functional absence of administrative reconsideration in China according to the national conditions.
【关键词】 行政复议; 功能缺失; 原因; 对策
【Key words】 administrative reconsideration; absence of functions; cause; countermeasur
