银行房贷管理信息系统的开发与设计
摘 要：目前个人住房贷款已经成为银行业信贷收入的主要来源之一。面对逐渐趋于冷清的地产市场，银行感到巨大压力。要减少房贷下降对银行利润水平的冲击，就要从拓展良好的信贷渠道和加强对信贷风险的控制等两个主要的方面入手。建立合理的信用定价机制，以企业和个人的信用良好程度作为发放贷款和决定贷款利率的基础。依据市场的变化和对政府行为的预期来调整信贷结构和规模。
本文将选用某商业银行的客户住房贷款数据为基础，使用数据挖掘技术之一的ASP.NET 2.0开发工具并加以SQL Server 2005数据库对数据进行深层分析，构建个人房贷风险等级评估模型。
关键词：个人房贷；银行；SQL；ASP.NET 2.0
Mortgage banking management information system development and design
Abstract:At present individual housing loans has become a banking credit one of the main source of income. Gradually become deserted in the face of the real estate market, banks feel enormous pressure. To reduce the decrease in mortgage banking profit level of impact, we must develop a good credit from the channels and strengthen the credit risk control, such as the two main aspects. Establish a rational pricing mechanism of credit to businesses and individuals of good credit as the extent of loans and loan interest rates based on a decision. Based on market changes and the behavior expected of the Government to adjust credit structure and size.
This article will choose a commercial bank housing loans to customers based on data, the use of data mining technology, one of the ASP.NET 2.0 development tools and SQL Server 2005 database to the data-depth analysis, building personal mortgage risk rating assessment model.
Key words: personal mortgage banks; SQL; ASP.NET 2.0
前 言
研究目的及意义
本课题的目的就是通过此管理系统的设计,了解现代银行房贷管理的各方面技术,对银行房贷管理系统有个比较系统的了解,从而设计出一个比较全面的银行房贷管理系统。同时,也为今后踏上社会,顺利进入企业提供一些帮助。
课题背景
随着计算机及网络技术的飞速发展,Internet/Intranet应用在全球范围内日益普及,当今社会正快速向信息化社会前进,信息自动化的作用也越来越大,从而使我们从繁杂的事务中解放出来,提高了我们的工作效率。
依据市场的变化和对政府行为的预期来调整信贷结构和规模。自从国内开始住房改革以来，银行的个人住房贷款就持续增长，并已经成为银行业信贷收入的主要来源之一。对于国内银行来说，个人住房消费信贷是最为活跃的银行业务，好的管理系统可以更有效、即时开展银行业务。
研究内容及方法
根据电子银行模拟系统的总体规划，个人房贷系统是银行贷款管理的一个功能模块，其功能主要包括：系统对客户进行进行信用度评分，以判断其信用水平，并根据不同客户的不同请求，提供客户的指标评估信息和信用总分一览、客户总的信用评估得分结果一览服务
1银行房贷的发展现状
1.1美国次级房贷研究
1.1.1美国次级房贷市场危机的回顾
2001年“9?11”事件后，美联储连续13次降息，在低利率的刺激下，美国房地产市场一派繁荣景象，次级抵押贷款市场也随之迅速发展。在楼市升温的时候，这些贷款的风险并不高，坏账率也始终保持在极低的水平。为了能在激烈的竞争之中寻求立锥之地，许多放贷机构调低了针对所有借款人的信用门槛。同时，放贷机构间竞争的加剧催生了多种多样的高风险次级抵押贷款产品；另一方面，在高房价的背景下（资产大于负债），借款人感到无力偿还贷款时，完全可以通过出售房屋还清欠款，再凭借更宽松的条款获得新的贷款。在进行次级抵押贷款时，放贷机构和借款人也以为，如果出现还贷困难，借款人只需出售房屋或进行抵押再融资就可以了。但事实上，一旦整个住房市场降温，借款人很难将自己的房屋卖出去，房屋价值也可能下跌到不足以偿还剩余贷款的地步。华尔街的股票和信贷分析师们不断发布“牛气冲天”的报告，诱导投资者，即便贷款违约不断攀升时也不曾停止；监管部门却无所作为。德意志银行的一份报告称，在2006年发放的全部次级房贷中，此类“骗子贷款”占到40％，而2001年的比例为21％。据联邦调查局（FBI）公布的数字，由银行和其他贷款机构报告的“疑似”房贷欺诈案件的数目在2004～2006年间翻了一番。
早在2004年，根据房价、房价／租金比率、可支配收入系数、空置率、住宅换手率、房价／收入比率等指标衡量，高盛公司已经认定美国房价高估10%。因为经济过热，美联储自2004年6月至2006年年中连续17次提高联邦基金利率，联邦基金利率从早期1％一直上升到5.25％，在收入情况没有明显改变的情况下，抵押信贷者每年的还款负担越来越重（本来次级市场的贷款利率就比优惠级抵押贷款高2％～3％），使抵押信贷者的违约风险逐渐可能成为现实，部分地区房价甚至开始下降，住房抵押贷款就立刻开始成为高一种高风险的业务。同时，美国房地产市场自2006年开始迅速降温。一方面，房子出手越来越难（买涨不买跌），另一方面，卖房所得也未必能够帮助借款人还清贷款。多种因素（利率上升—购房负担加重—购房需求下降—房价下跌—资不抵债）作用的结果，最终使得次级房贷违约率连创新高，并从2007年4月开始，以新世纪金融申请破产为标志，次级房贷市场危机爆发。截至目前,美国已有30余家次级抵押贷款公司停业,次级债危机也波及那些持有次级抵押贷款的资产公司,甚至有人认为，这场信贷危机最高损失可达5000亿美元（也许还不止）。三大信用评级机构穆迪、标准普尔和惠誉已经开始调低部分住房抵押贷款证券的信用评级。2007年初，格林斯潘先前警告美国经济成长可能急冻，在3月5日的专访中，格林斯潘语出惊人地表示，美国经济今年有三分之一的可能性陷入衰退。
“把东西卖给买不起的人，把钱借给还不起的人”，过去几年，这种思维让很多财务金融公司创造出傲人的经营成绩；整个社会也进入了一个巨大的谎言里：政府要作多，企业要业绩，人们要买更多的东西；大家拼命玩数字游戏，一直往上堆、往外推，直等到泡沬爆炸。
因此，2007年3月22日美国国会参议院银行委员会“房贷市场危机：原因与后果”听证会上，委员会主席Dodd对美国金融监管部门，特别是美联储的不作为作了声色俱厉的指责：“我们的金融监管部门本来应该是枕戈待旦的卫士，保护勤劳的美国人免遭不负责任的金融机构的伤害。但遗憾的是，长期以来他们一直袖手旁观。”“因此，一言以蔽之，早在2004年春天，金融监管部门已经开始关注贷款标准的放松。与此同时，联储一边持续加息，另一边却继续鼓励贷款机构开发并销售可调整利率房贷。在我看来，正是这种自相矛盾的行为造就了当前席卷数百万美国住房所有者的大风暴。”
Bank Mortgage Management Information System Development and Design
Abstract: At present, individual housing loans has become a banking credit, one of the main source of income. Becoming more and more desolate the face of the real estate market, banks feel pressure. To reduce the mortgage down the impact on bank profitability, we must develop good credit from the channel and strengthen the credit risk control are two major aspects. To establish a rational pricing mechanism of credit to businesses and individuals as a good level of credit loans and loans on the basis of interest rates. Based on market changes and the expectations of government action to adjust the credit structure and scale.
This article will use a commercial bank housing loans to customers based on data from the use of data mining, one of the ASP.NET 2.0 development tools and make SQL Server 2005 database, the data-depth analysis, build individual mortgage risk level assessment models.
Key words: personal housing loans; banks; SQL; ASP.NET 2.0
Mortgage banking management information system development and design
Abstract: At present individual housing loans has become a banking credit one of the main source of income. Gradually become deserted in the face of the real estate market, banks feel enormous pressure. To reduce the decrease in mortgage banking profit level of impact, we must develop a good credit from the channels and strengthen the credit risk control, such as the two main aspects. Establish a rational pricing mechanism of credit to businesses and individuals of good credit as the extent of loans and loan interest rates based on a decision. Based on market changes and the behavior expected of the Government to adjust credit structure and size.
This article will choose a commercial bank housing loans to customers based on data, the use of data mining technology, one of the ASP.NET 2.0 development tools and SQL Server 2005 database to the data-depth analysis, building personal mortgage risk rating assessment model .
Key words: personal mortgage banks; SQL; ASP.NET 2.0
Preface
Research purposes and significance of
The purpose of this task is through this management system design, understanding of modern management of all aspects of mortgage banking technology, mortgage banking management systems have a more systematic understanding, to design a more comprehensive banking mortgage management system. At the same time, but also set foot on for the future society, access to the corporate offer some help.
Background topics
With the computer and network technology, rapid development, Internet / Intranet applications in the growing worldwide popularity of today''s society is rapidly advancing to the information society, information, automation of the role has become increasingly large, so that we liberated from the complex transaction out to improve our work efficiency.
Based on market changes and the expectations of government action to adjust the credit structure and scale. Since the country began to housing reform since the bank''s individual housing loans will continue to grow and has become a banking credit, a major source of income. For domestic banks, individual housing consumer credit is the most active banking business, good management system can be more effective, real-time to carry out banking business.
Research contents and methods of
According to e-banking simulation system''s overall planning, individual home loan bank loan management system is a functional module, its functions include: system for customers to credit score, to determine its credit level, and according to different customer''s different requests, providing customer''s credit total score indicators to assess the information and a list of customers the credit assessment of the total list of services score results
Development of a bank mortgages
1.1 Study of the U.S. sub-prime
1.1.1 U.S. sub-prime mortgage market crisis, a review of
2001 "9? 11" incident, the Federal Reserve cut interest rates 13 consecutive times, stimulated by low interest rates, the U.S. real estate market school of prosperity, the subprime mortgage market also will be developed rapidly. Heating in the property market when the risk of these loans is not high, bad debt rate has remained at a very low level. In order to be able to find almost deprived of accommodation among the fierce competition, many lenders lowered the credit for all borrowers threshold. At the same time, the intensification of competition among lending institutions spawned a variety of high-risk sub-prime mortgage products; other hand, in the context of high prices (assets greater than liabilities), the borrower was unable to repay loans, can through the sale of houses to pay off debt, again with more liberal terms of access to new loans. Making subprime loans, lending institutions and borrowers are also thought that, if there is repayment difficulties, borrowers only need to sell their houses or refinancing mortgages on it. But in fact, once the housing market cooling, the borrower is difficult to sell their own homes, housing values may also be insufficient to repay the remaining loan dropped to the point. Wall Street stock and credit analysts have been issued "bullish" report to induce investors, even if the loan defaults rising did not even have to stop; regulators are doing nothing. Deutsche Bank said in a report issued in 2006, all the sub-prime, by such "liar loans" accounted for 40%, while in 2001 the proportion was 21%. According to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) figures released by the banks and other lending institutions to report "suspected" cases of mortgage fraud, the number doubled between 2004 and 2006.
As early as 2004, according to price, price / rent ratio, coefficient of disposable income, the vacancy rate, housing turnover, price / earnings ratios and other indicators to measure, Goldman Sachs has identified the United States house prices overvalued by 10%. Because of economic overheating, the Federal Reserve since June 2004 to mid-2006 a row 17 times to raise the federal funds rate, the federal funds rate has been increasing from the early 1% to 5.25%, no significant change in the income case, mortgage credit of annual increasingly heavy burden of repayment (otherwise sub-prime market lending rate mortgage than the Bulk High-2% ~ 3%), so that mortgage default risk of those increasingly likely to become a reality in some areas, prices even began to decline, mortgage immediately started to become a high a high-risk business. Meanwhile, the U.S. real estate market since 2006, the rapid cooling. On the one hand, the house shot become increasingly difficult (to buy up not to buy down), on the other hand, sellers may not be obtained to help borrowers pay off the loan. A variety of factors (interest rates to rise - increase the burden on home buyers - buyers decline in demand - falling house prices - insolvent) the result of, and ultimately make sub-prime mortgage default rates hit new high, and from April 2007 began to New Century Financial filed for bankruptcy as a symbol, the sub-prime market crisis. So far, the United States has more than 30 subprime lenders closed down subordinated debt crisis has also affected those with a sub-prime mortgage assets of the company, some people even think that this credit crisis, the maximum loss of up to 500 billion U.S. dollars (and probably not stop). The three major credit rating agency Moody''s, Standard & Poor''s and Fitch have already started to scale down part of the mortgage-backed securities, credit rating. In early 2007, Greenspan previously warned that U.S. economic growth may be frozen, in the March 5 interview, Greenspan surprised that the U.S. economy this year is one-third of the possibility of a recession.
"To people who can not afford to buy, sell, lend money to people who do not play" In the past few years, this way of thinking so much of finance companies to create impressive business achievements; the entire community into a huge lies inside: The Government should go long, businesses have to the performance, people buy more things; we desperately to play a numbers game, has been piled up, deliberately alienate straight until the bubbles explode.
Thus, March 22, 2007 the U.S. Senate Banking Committee, "Mortgage Market Crisis: Causes and consequences" the hearing, Committee Chairman Dodd on the U.S. financial regulatory authorities, especially in the Fed''s inaction was unnecessarily browbeat the accused: "We are The financial regulators should have been Zhengedaidan guardians, protecting hardworking Americans from the irresponsible financial institutions injury. It is regrettable that for a long time they have been nothing. "" So, in a word, as early as the spring of 2004, the financial regulatory authorities have already started to pay attention to relax lending standards. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve continued to raise interest rates while the other side has to continue to encourage lending institutions to develop and sell adjustable-rate mortgage. In my view, it is this self-contradictory behavior to create the current millions of U.S. homeowners swept through the big storm. "
