摘 要
随着在校大学生人数的不断增加，教务系统的数据量也不断的上涨。以往的选课方法是随堂报名。这种方法虽然直接，但是造成选课的盲目性和教务处处理数据的繁重性。为了减轻教务处工作，以及每个学生更好的选择自己所喜欢的科目。针对学生选课这一环节，本系统从学生网上自主选课以及教师的课程发布两个大方面进行了设计，基本实现了学生的在线信息查询、选课功能以及教师对课程信息发布的管理等功能。
本文通过分析浏览器/服务器结构的特点并结合选课的实际情况，提出了基于浏览器/服务器结构网上选课系统的基本设计思想，简要介绍了系统各功能模块及数据库的设计，着重讨论了用 ASP.NET技术和SQL Server 2000开发网上选课系统时的数据库访问技术和动态网页制作技术,并给出了部分实现代码。通过该系统，使学生可以方便地在校园网上进行网上选课。该B/S结构的系统在Windows XP系统和VS.NET平台下开发完成，使用C＃作为ASP.NET的开发语言，SQL Server 2000作为数据库。系统有较高的安全性和较好的性能。其中连接数据库的字符串可以随时在web.config里修改，并经过编码加密，增加了灵活性，保护了数据库的安全。代码尽量使用存储过程和尽量减少数据库连接的打开时间等手段来提高性能。
本文中除了有对程序的系统分析、总体设计、数据库设计、功能实现等主体部分外，在这之前还介绍了与网上选课系统相关的信息、IIS介绍、IIS与ASP.NET的结合等的基本内容及发展情况。
关键词：网上选课，浏览器/服务器结构，ASP.NET,数据库管理系统
Abstract
With the development of the enrolling number, the data for daily registry is increasing, too. And always we should goto classroom to enroll. Although this method directly,but result in blindness of the course enrollment and registry data processing of the heavy .In order to reduce the work registry ,and better each student to choose their own favorite subjects .This system is special for the on-line course choosing to design both from the aspect of the student and the teacher. The student can choose the course independently and the teacher can manage the information of the announcing course, also.
This paper gives the basic design idea of the Browser/Server structure based online course elect system by analyzing the characteristic of the Browser/Server structure and combining with the actual public elective courses conditions of our school．It introduces the function module and database design briefly，followed by a discussion on database accessing technology and the active page technology of the course elect system based on ASP.NET and SQL Server 2000．By using this system，students can elect courses online efficiently．This Browser/Server structure system is developed under VS.NET platform in Windows XP operating system, using C# as ASP.NET development language and SQL Server 2000 as the database. This system is of higher security and better performance. The character string, which is used to connecting to the database, can be modified at any time in the file “ web.config”. The string is encoded and encrypted, increasing flexibility of the system and security of the database. In code, making use of stored procedure and minimizing the database opening time to improve performance of the system.
This paper includes the system analysis ,the main designing ,the database designing, the function designing and , before this , some basic knowledge and present development of the programs mentioned above.
Keywords: online course elect, Browser/Server structure,ASP.NET, DBMS
目录
摘 要 1
ABSTRACT 2
第一章 引言 4
1.1课题研究的目的 4
1.2 课题研究的意义 4
1.3 课题的可行性分析 5
第二章 系统分析与总体设计 6
2．1系统分析 6
2.2 系统总体设计 7
第三章 数据库设计与实现 9
3.1数据库系统分析 9
3.2 数据库逻辑设计 12
3.3数据库物理实现 13
第四章 公共类与公共页面设计 16
4.1 WEB.CONFIG页面设计 16
4.2 数据库连接操作类—DB类 19
4.3 工具类MYUTILITY类 20
4.4 错误信息类和错误显示页面 21
第五章 系统说明书 22
5．1系统界面说明 22
5.2 系统管理说明 27
5.2教师管理说明 30
第6章 总结 34
参考文献 35
致 谢 36
第一章 引言
1.1课题研究的目的
1.掌握采用Internet的TCP/IP协议，以B/S方式，ASP.NET编程技术，多媒体技术。
2.掌握一种多任务多用户操作系统
3.ASP.NET的动态网页和SQL Server大型的数据库。
4.学会使用某种开发工具。
5.培养相互合作的精神。
1.2 课题研究的意义
学生选课系统是一个学校不可缺少的部分,它的内容对于学校的决策者和管理者来说都至关重要,所以学生选课系统应该能够为用户提供充足的信息和快捷的查询手段。但一直以来人们使用传统人工的方式管理文件档案，这种管理方式存在着许多缺点,如:效率低、保密性差,另外时间一长,将产生大量的文件和数据,这对于查找、更新和维护都带来了不少的困难。
随着科学技术的不断提高,计算机科学日渐成熟,其强大的功能已为人们深刻认识,它已进入人类社会的各个领域并发挥着越来越重要的作用。
作为计算机应用的一部分,使用计算机对选课信息进行管理,有着手工管理所无法比拟的优点.例如:检索迅速、查找方便、可靠性高、存储量大、保密性好、寿命长、成本低等。这些优点能够极大地提高人事劳资管理的效率,也是企业的科学化、正规化管理,与世界接轨的重要条件。
因此，开发这样一套软件成为很有必要的事情,在下面的各章中我们将以开发一套学生选课系统为例,谈谈其开发过程和所涉及到的问题及解决方法。
本文中所做的主要工作如下：
(1)介绍了个性化页面的背景及Win2000server+IIS+ASP.NET系统的一般原理；
(2) 阐述整个个性化页面生成系统的系统结构及工作原理；分析了系统实现中的特殊性、难点和重点。
(3) 设计实现用户管理、课程管理、选课信息录入管理、新生信息录入管理、课程的浏览和查找、学生查找等ASP.NET页面 。
(4) 分析并解决实现中的若干技术问题。
(5) 建立完整的网上选课，进行测试并分析结果。
1.3 课题的可行性分析
1.3.1 课题调研
（1）与实践活动和相关的文件和资料由教师提供。
（2）本课题要求学生有熟练的ASP.NET开发能力，有较强的自学能力以及一定的关系数据库理论开发功底。
（3）具有对复杂表进行处理的能力。
（4）具体问题再做详细调查研究并与指导老师面谈。
1.3.2 可行性分析
（1）技术可行性-----本系统仅需要一台装有Office软件的计算机即可，对机器本身没有太高的要求，一般当前学校或个人电脑完全可满足要求。对于软件技术要求，现在的程序设计语言已非常成熟，要运用HTML样式,图形图象制作工具来制作生动活泼的网页及美观的图形文件或动画文件，数据库使用SQL Server 2000中提供的数据库桌面工具ODBC。
（２） 经济可行性-----由于本系统是为学生选课管理使用的系统，装上该应用软件，即可使用系统，系统成本主要集中在系统软件的开发上，当系统投入运行后可以为学校节约大量的人力，物力。所带来的效益远远大于系统软件的开发成本。在经济上完全可行。
（３） 操作可行性-----界面设计时充分考虑管理人员的习惯，使得操作简单；数据录入迅速、规范、可靠；统计准确；制表灵活；适应力强；容易扩充。第2章内容主要是：系统需求分析包括，现有系统介绍；系统的实体分析，实体关系图。
第二章 系统分析与总体设计
2．1系统分析
在本系统中，有三类用户：系统管理员，教师和学生。三种不同的用户所具有的操作权限以及操作内容均不一样。
本选课系统给予教师很大的自主权，系统管理员只负责向系统中添加学生和教师的个人信息以及教学楼教室信息。系统管理员不参与开设课程、选择课程等，一切均由教师、学生等录网站自行完成。系统管理员设置一个选课时间段，在到达时间段以前，教师可以开设课程；到达时间段以后，学生可以登陆网站选择课程。
教师用户登陆网站后可以开设课程，为自己的课程编辑上课时间和地点，当系统中出现时间地点冲突的时候，系统向教师用户报告并推荐一个时间地点。每门课程可以是必修或则选修，教师为每门课程设置一个学分，并可以在课程结束后给予分数，如果学生及格，学生将获得该课程的学分。
对于学生用户，每个学生除了必须选择必修课程外，至少还要选择两门选修课程，学生可以对自己选课信息锁定，以免不小心被修改。当时候超过选课时段后，系统自动锁定学生的选课课程。系统可以根据学生的选课信息，生成一份学生自己的课表。课程结束后学生可登录网站查询成绩与学分。
根据上面的要求，从操作功能上可以分为两个类：一个是通用操作，主要实现用户的登录注销和修改密码等；另一种是为不同用户定制不同操作。
1。通用操作
（1）登录与注销
每个用户都可以用自己的帐号登录系统。用户操作完成后推出系统，注销后可以重新登录系统。
（2）修改密码
每个用户第一次登录都用默认密码（教师和学生与帐号一样）。
2。用户所具有功能
（1）系统管理员
设置选课时间段：系统管理员通过此项功能设置选课时段，只有在选课时间段里，学生才可以选择课程，超过次时间段，学生选课信息被自动所定，不得修改。
录入学生与教师个人信息：通过此项功能可以实现对教师和学生的个人信息添加删除。
录入教学楼教室信息：通过此项功能可以把学校里所有的教学楼教室的信息录入到系统中，以便教师在开设课程时候设置上课的教室。
（2）教师用户
显示和修改个人信息：教师用户登录系统后，可以查看和修改教师的个人信息，如姓名，电话，E-mail地址等。
开设课程：教师用户登录系统后，可以开设课程，可以设置该课程为必修课程或则选修课程，可以设置该课程的最大人数。教师还可以为该课程设置一个前导课程，若学生没有学习或则选择前导课程则不能选择该课程。
编辑课程上课时间：教师在开设了课程后，可以灵活地设置上课时间和地点。
给学生分数：课程结束后，教师用户登录系统，可以为学过课程的学生给予相应的成绩，若
及格，给予学生学分。
（3）学生用户
显示和修改个人信息：学生登录系统后，可以查看和修改学生的个人信息，如姓名，性别，电话等。
查看必修课程：学生登录后，可以查看所有的必修课程。查看该课程的信息，上课时间地点，开课教师信息等。
选择选修课程：学生登录系统后，在所有选修课程中可以选择至少两门选修课程。同时可以查看相关信息。
锁定选课信息：学生登录系统，确定了所选课程后，可以锁定自己的选课信息，以防被别人或则自己不小心修改。
查看最终选课信息：学生登录系统后，可列出已选择的课程，若选课信息未被锁定，则可以退选，若所选课程少于两门，系统会提示选择的课程少于两门。
查看学分和成绩
课程结束后，学生登录系统可查看自己学习课程的成绩和已获的学分。
2.2 系统总体设计
在前面的系统的系统功能分析中，将系统划分成10个模块，如图：
第6章 总结
经过几个月的学习，研究和开发，我选择的课题学生选课系统基本完成。其功能基本符合网络上的用户要求，能够在线选课，在线添加课程，在线查询课程等。虽然由于自己知识上的不足，有些地方有少许错误和容错性能比较低，但是还是可以基本完成选课系统应有的功能。
通过毕业设计过程我会到了许多知识，这也是在大学里第一次比较完整的完成一个小项目，虽然过程中遇到了许多困难，在同学和老师的帮助下一一克服了。通过不断的发现问题，总结问题和解决问题的过程，使我在此次毕业设计活动中不断的提高，和得到了宝贵的经验。
参考文献
吴晨,《ASP.NET+SQL Server-数据库开发与实例》，清华大学出版社，出版2006年7月
（美）内格尔,《C#高级编程（第4版)》，清华大学出版社，出版2006年10月
（美）solid，《SQLServer2005从入门与精通(应用技术基础)》，清华大学出版社，出版2006年09月
（美）保罗《ASP.NET 2.0经典教程C#篇》人民邮电出版社，出版2007年5月
源码下载及讨论地址：http://www.51aspx.com/CV/XuankeDoc
致 谢
由于以前对ASP.NET的接触并不是很多，对它的开发环境也不是非常了解，所以在程序的开发过程中遇到了很多的困难，但经过同学和老师的帮助，逐渐克服了困难，并从中学到
了很多SQL数据库编程方面的知识。但是由于经验方面的原因，以及对物流配送方面的操作流程了解不够深刻，该系统还有许多不尽如人意的地方和功能上的缺陷，这些都有待于进一步改善。
论文完成的前提是老师给我提供了舒适的工作、学习环境，并给予我悉心的关怀与指导。在些表示衷心地感谢。老师认真负责的工作态度、严谨的治学风格，使我深受启发；开发的同时，和同学们之间的相互探讨也使我获益匪浅。几个月的时间内，我除基本学会开发SQL数据库外更重要的是学到了兢兢业业，奋发向上的精神，这种精神是我今后人生前进道路上的一种力量。所以我再次感谢我的老师和我周围的同学们。
Abstract
With the increasing number of college students, the Senate system, the amount of data constantly increases. Previous elective method is quiz application. That approach, while straightforward, but the blindness caused by elective and Dean of the heavy data processing. In order to reduce the Registry, as well as to better each student to choose their own favorite subjects. Elective for students in this part of the system from the student web self-elective, and teacher release two major aspects of the curriculum has been designed, basically the students online information queries, and teachers of the curriculum elective functions the management of information dissemination function.
This paper analyzes the browser / server structure is characterized by combining the actual situation of elective is proposed based on browser / server architecture online elective system''s basic design idea, a brief description of each functional module of the system and database design, focused on the using ASP.NET technology and SQL Server 2000 to develop internet elective system of database access technology and dynamic web production technology, and gives part of the implementation code. Through the system so that students can easily online Online Course on campus. The B / S structure of the system in the Windows XP system and the VS.NET platform is developed using C # as the ASP.NET development language, SQL Server 2000 as a database. System has a higher security and better performance. In which the database connection string in the web.config where you can change at any time, and have been encoded encrypted, increased flexibility, to protect the security of the database. The code to make use of stored procedures and database connections open to minimize the time and other means to improve performance.
In addition to this article, systematic analysis of the program, overall design, database design, functional realization of the main parts of such things, before that also introduced the elective system-related and on-line information, IIS introduction, IIS and ASP.NET integration, etc. the basic content and development.
Keywords: Online Course, browser / server architecture, ASP.NET, database management systems
Abstract
With the development of the enrolling number, the data for daily registry is increasing, too. And always we should goto classroom to enroll. Although this method directly, but result in blindness of the course enrollment and registry data processing of the heavy. In order to reduce the work registry, and better each student to choose their own favorite subjects. This system is special for the on-line course choosing to design both from the aspect of the student and the teacher. The student can choose the course independently and the teacher can manage the information of the announcing course, also.
This paper gives the basic design idea of the Browser / Server structure based online course elect system by analyzing the characteristic of the Browser / Server structure and combining with the actual public elective courses conditions of our school. It introduces the function module and database design briefly, followed by a discussion on database accessing technology and the active page technology of the course elect system based on ASP.NET and SQL Server 2000. By using this system, students can elect courses online efficiently. This Browser / Server structure system is developed under VS.NET platform in Windows XP operating system, using C # as ASP.NET development language and SQL Server 2000 as the database. This system is of higher security and better performance. The character string, which is used to connecting to the database, can be modified at any time in the file "web.config". The string is encoded and encrypted, increasing flexibility of the system and security of the database. In code, making use of stored procedure and minimizing the database opening time to improve performance of the system.
This paper includes the system analysis, the main designing, the database designing, the function designing and, before this, some basic knowledge and present development of the programs mentioned above.
Keywords: online course elect, Browser / Server structure, ASP.NET, DBMS
Directory
Summary 1
ABSTRACT 2
Chapter 4 Introduction
1.1 The purpose of the study four topics
1.2 The Significance of the research 4
1.3 Feasibility Analysis of five subjects
Chapter II Analysis and Design 6
2.1 Analysis 6
2.2 System Design 7
Chapter 9 Database Design and Implementation of
3.1 Database Analysis 9
3.2 Database logical design 12
3.3 database, the physical realization of 13
Chapter IV public class and public page design 16
4.1 WEB.CONFIG page design 16
4.2 Database Connectivity operation of Class-DB Class 19
4.3 Tools MYUTILITY Class 20
4.4 Error classes and error message display page 21
Chapter 22 System Manual
5.1 System Interface Description 22
5.2 System Management Note 27
5.2 Teacher Management Note 30
Chapter 6 Summary 34
References 35
Thanks 36
Chapter Introduction
1.1 The purpose of the study subjects
1. Master the use of Internet, TCP / IP protocol to B / S mode, ASP.NET programming, multimedia technology.
2. Master a multi-tasking multi-user operating system
3.ASP.NET dynamic Web pages and a large SQL Server database.
4. Learn how to use some sort of development tools.
5. Cultivate a spirit of mutual cooperation.
1.2 The significance of the research
Student elective system is an indispensable part of the school, its content for the schools is critical to both policy makers and managers, students elective system should be able to provide users with adequate information and fast query tool. But there has been the way people use the traditional manual management of paper files, this management approach, there are many shortcomings, such as: low efficiency, poor security, another over time, will generate a large number of documents and data, which for finding, updating and maintenance of have brought a lot of difficulties.
With the continuous improvement of science and technology, computer science increasingly mature, and its powerful feature has been for people to deepen their understanding, that it has entered all fields of human society, and play an increasingly important role.
As a part of computer applications, using computers to manage information on the elective, has incomparable advantages of manual management. For example: quick search, find convenient, high reliability, large memory capacity, security and good, long life and low cost . These advantages can greatly improve the efficiency of labor and capital management of personnel, but also corporate scientific and standardized management, an important condition for integration with the world.
Therefore, developing such a software has become a very necessary thing, in the following chapters we will develop a student elective system, for example, talk about its development process and the issues involved and their solutions.
The main work done in this article are as follows:
(1), introduced a personalized page of background and Win2000server + IIS + ASP.NET system, the general principle;
(2) sets out the personalized page generation system structure and working principle; analysis of the particularity of the system implementation, difficult and focus.
(3) Design and implementation of user management, curriculum management, and elective information into management, and new information into management, curriculum browsing and search, the students find other ASP.NET page.
(4) to analyze and address the implementation of a number of technical problems.
(5) establish a complete online elective, test and analysis results.
1.3 Feasibility Analysis of the subject
1.3.1 Research topics
(1) and practical activities and related documents and information provided by the teachers.
(2) This subject requires students to have a skilled ASP.NET development capabilities, have strong self-learning ability, as well as a certain degree of relational database theory, development of foundation.
(3) has a complex form processing capabilities.
(4) do detailed research on specific issues and with the guidance of the teacher interviews.
1.3.2 Feasibility Analysis
(1) The technical feasibility ----- The system requires only a computer can be equipped with Office software for the machine itself is not too high demands, the general current school, or personal computer fully meet the requirements. Technical requirements for software, the current programming languages are very mature, and to make use of HTML styles, graphics, image production tools to create a lively website and beautiful graphics files or animation files, databases using SQL Server 2000 database available in desktop tools ODBC.
(2) economic feasibility ----- As this system is for students to use elective management system, equipped with the application software, you can use the system, mainly the cost of software development in the system, when the system into operation After the school can save a lot of manpower and material resources. The benefits are far greater than the system software development costs. Entirely feasible economically.
(3) operation feasibility ----- interface design to take full account management habits, making operation simple; data entry fast, standardized and reliable; statistics accurate; tabulation flexible; adaptability; easy to expand. Chapter 2 is primarily aimed at: System requirements analysis include the introduction of existing systems; system entities analysis, entity-relationship diagram.
Chapter II Analysis and Design
2.1 Analysis
In this system, there are three types of users: System administrators, teachers and students. The user has three different operating authority and the operation are not the same as the content.
The elective system to give teachers considerable autonomy, the system administrator to add to the system is responsible only for students and the teacher''s personal information, as well as classroom teaching building information. The system administrator does not participate in courses, select courses, all are teachers, students registered to complete on their own websites. System administrator set up an elective period of time, in the arrival time ago, teachers can create courses; arrival time later, students can log on to do a course.
After teaching a user can log on to courses for their own course editorial time or place, time and place when the system appears in times of conflict, the system user reports to teachers and to recommend a time and place. Each course may be required or is elective, teachers set up a credit for each course and can be given after the end of the course scores, if the student pass, students will receive credit for the course.
For the student users, each student must choose the compulsory courses, in addition, at least also select two elective courses, students can lock their elective information in order to avoid inadvertently be modified. When the time was more than elective, the system automatically locks students in elective courses. System can be the elective the student information, generate a student''s own class schedule. After the end of the course students can log on website for achievements and credits.
According to the above requirements, from the operational function can be divided into two categories: one is the common operation, primarily to achieve off and modify the user''s login password, etc.; the other is for different users to customize different operations.
1. General Operation
(1) Log in and write-off
Each user can use their account login system. The user operation is complete, launch the system, write-offs can re-login system.
(2) Change Password
The first log on each user are using the default password (the same as teachers and students and account number).
2. User functional
(1) System Administrator
Set elective period: the system administrator to set this feature through the elective period, only in the elective period, students can choose courses, more than second time period, students elective information is automatically set, but not modify.
Entry Students and Teachers Personal Information: This feature can be achieved by teachers and students to add personal information removed.
Classroom Teaching Building Entry Information: This feature can be adopted by all of the teaching building school classrooms of information input into the system so that teachers in the courses when the lessons of the classroom settings.
(2) Teachers User
Display and modify personal information: Teacher User Login system, you can view and modify the teacher''s personal information, such as name, phone number, E-mail address.
Courses: Teacher User Login system, you can set up courses, you can set the course as a compulsory course or the elective courses, you can set the maximum number of the course. Teachers can also set up a leading courses for the curriculum, if students do not learn or chosen to leading programs, you can not choose the course.
Edit Course Class Time: Teacher at the opening of the course, the flexibility to set up class time and place.
To students scores: After the end of the course, teachers, user login system, can be studied to give students the corresponding results, if the
Pass to give the students credit.
(3) Student Users
Display and modify personal information: Students sign-on system, you can view and modify the student''s personal information, such as name, gender, telephone and so on.
View compulsory courses: students log in, you can view all of the required courses. See the course information, class schedule and location, commenced teaching information.
Choose elective courses: Students log on system, all the elective courses you can select at least two elective courses. At the same time you can view related information.
Lock Elective Information: Student sign-on system to determine the selected course, you can lock your own elective information, to avoid being someone else or are they do not care changes.
View the final Course Selection Information: Student sign-on system, may have chosen to list the courses, if the elective information is not locked, you can withdraw from the election, if the chosen course is less than 2, the system will be prompted to choose the course is less than 2门.
View credits and achievements
After the end of the course, students log on the system can view their own achievements and have been learning course credits.
2.2 System Design
In the previous system''s system function analysis, the system is divided into 10 modules, shown in Figure:
Chapter 6 Summary
After several months of study, research and development, I chose the subject of student elective system basically completed. Its function broadly in line with user requirements on the network can be online elective, on-line to add courses, on-line query courses. Although due to their lack of knowledge, some places have a little error and fault-tolerance performance is relatively low, but it can still basically completed the elective system should function.
The design process through graduation, I will go to a lot of knowledge, this is the first time at the university to complete a more complete small projects, although many difficulties encountered in the students and teachers to help overcome the next one. Through continuous problems are identified, summed up the problem and problem-solving process, so that I graduated from design activities in this constantly improve, and get valuable experience.
References
Chen Wu, "ASP.NET + SQL Server-database development and examples," Tsinghua University Press, published in July 2006
(U.S.) Nagel, "C # Advanced Programming (4th Edition)", Tsinghua University Press, published in October 2006
(U.S.) solid, "SQLServer2005 from entry and the master (application technology base)", Tsinghua University Press, published in September 2006
(U.S.) Paul "ASP.NET 2.0 tutorial C # articles classic" People''s Posts & Telecom Press, published in May 2007
Source downloads and discussion address: http://www.51aspx.com/CV/XuankeDoc
Thanks
As the previous exposure ASP.NET is not a lot of its development environment is not very familiar with, so the program development process encountered many difficulties, but after the help of students and teachers, and gradually overcome the difficulties, and from learned
A lot of SQL database programming knowledge. However, due to experience, reasons, and the logistics of the operation flow in a deep enough understanding of the system there are many unsatisfactory areas and functional defects, which are to be further improved.
Papers completed in the premise is that the teacher gave me a comfortable working, learning environment, and the care given to me carefully and guidance. After these express my heartfelt thanks. Teacher a serious and responsible work attitude, rigorous scholarship style, so I am deeply inspired; developed at the same time, and to explore the interaction between the students also benefit from me. A few months time, I learn to develop SQL database in addition to basic things is more important is to learn a conscientious, enthusiastic spirit, this spirit is my future life, a force on the road ahead. So I once again thank my teachers and classmates around
