基于Web的教学管理系统设计与实现
摘 要
随着学校规模的不断扩大，有关的各种信息量也成倍增长，面对庞大的信息量，就需要教学管理系统来提高教学管理工作的效率，教学信息处理的电脑化，网络化，也是实现教学管理现代化和信息化的重要内容。基于这些情况，我们设计开发了一个面向现代教学管理的，多功能的、基于B/S架构的Web教学管理系统。以提高教学管理质量、减轻教师工作压力、合理分配人力资源为主要目的，兼顾学生对自身信息的维护，方便学生相关查询与选课等操作，是学校实行电子办公的必要组成部分。
本系统有以下的主要功能模块有：用户管理、课程管理、选课管理、成绩管理、院系管理等功能模块。采用Microsoft Visual Studio 2005为开发平台实现界面设计以及与服务器数据的交互。本系统重点优化了教师对学生信息管理的模块和学生选课模块，规范了管理工作流程，对不必要或多余的流程进行适当的删改，符合现代教学管理标准。采用SQL Server 2000作后台数据库。在数据库设计方面，符合第三范式，最大程度地减少数据冗余。对数据库数据的增、改等常用操作均使用存储过程进行最大的优化。在安全方面，采用了窗体验证的方式来验证登录者的身份；另外，为防止外来者的暴力冲破登录界面，采用了Session管理会话状态。选课管理、角色分配以及权限下放将成为本系统的亮点。
关键词：Web B\S 教学管理系统
Web-based teaching systems design and implementation of management
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of school size, the variety of information also have increased, in the face of the huge amount of information, it is necessary to teaching management system to improve the efficiency of the management of teaching, teaching computer information processing, network-based, is also Teaching management to achieve modernization and an important content of the information. Based on these circumstances, we developed a design for modern teaching management, multi-functional, based on B / S structure of the Web teaching management systems.To improve the quality of teaching management, reduce the work pressure on teachers, the rational allocation of human resources for the primary purpose, take into account students to protect their own information, and facilitate students for classes, and other related operations. Schools to implement electronic office is a necessary component.
This system has the following main modules: user management, curriculum management, management classes, performance management, and management faculties function modules. Using Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 development platform for the realization of interface design and interaction with the server data. The system optimizes the focus of teachers to students of information management modules and classes of students module, and standardize the management of the process, the unnecessary or redundant processes appropriate amendments, in line with modern teaching management standards.Using SQL Server 2000 database for the background. In the database design, with the third paradigm, the greatest extent possible to reduce data redundancy. The database by data, such as to the use of common operations are the largest storage process optimization. In the area of security, using a form of verification methods to verify the identity of log addition, in order to prevent outsiders sign of violence to break through the interface, using the Session management session state. Course management, decentralization of authority and role in the distribution of the system will become a bright spot.
Key words: Web B \ S teaching management system
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 关于系统 1
1.1开发背景 1
1.2系统主要功能 1
1.3系统特点 1
1.4系统网络方案 2
1.5系统开发工具与开发技术简介 2
1.6后台数据库及其访问方法介绍 3
1.6.1关于后台数据库 3
1.6.2关于数据库访问ADO.NET 4
1.7MIS以及B/S构架的前景 4
2 系统分析 6
2.1系统环境分析 6
2.2系统可行性分析 7
2.3功能需求分析 8
2.3.1角色分配 8
2.3.2功能性需求分析 8
2.4数据需求分析 9
2.5数据流图 10
2.6数据字典 12
3 系统设计 17
3.1系统网络布局 17
3.1.1网络布局概述 17
3.1.2系统网络布局 18
3.2系统功能模块设计 20
3.3数据设计 22
3.3.1设计方案 22
3.3.2数据库结构设计 22
3.3.3数据库表单设计 25
3.3.4表间关系 28
3.4系统界面设计 29
3.4.1登录页面设计 29
3.4.2系统总体框架设计 30
3.4.3学生管理模块界面设计 32
3.4.4班级管理模块界面设计 33
3.4.5教师管理模块界面设计 33
3.4.6课程管理模块界面设计 34
3.4.7学生选课管理模块界面设计 35
3.4.8成绩管理模块界面设计 35
3.4.9其他设计 36
4 系统实施 38
4.1功能模块实现 38
4.1.1登录窗体功能的实现 38
4.1.2学生管理模块功能的实现 42
5 测试 45
5.1测试方法 45
5.2测试内容 45
5.3测试过程 45
5.4测试结果 46
参考文献 47
结 论 48
附 录 49
致 谢 64
1 关于系统
1.1开发背景
面对全球信息化，教育机构的办公信息化和办公自动化不容滞后。学生信息管理是学校管理中不可或缺的一部分，也是数据最为大量最为繁琐的一项业务。将学校学生管理网络信息化，是教育事业大胆迈向网络化的一大步，使得资源充分共享，充分体现信息的实时性，而且基于B/S架构的学生管理系统是方便学校管理、实行电子办公的必要组成部分。可以大大提高教师的工作效率。做到管理方便、可靠性高、存储量大、保密性好、成本低等手工管理或单机管理甚至联机管理所无法比拟的优点。这些优点能够极大地提高人事劳资管理的效率，也是学校的科学化、正规化管理与世界接轨的重要条件。因此很有必要开发一套这样的软件。本系统主要是对学生信息、班级信息和课程信息等的管理，实现了学生信息的统计分析和查询功能，对学校各项计划的实施提供了一定的支持。这不仅减轻了教师工作压力，还为学生注册和选课提供了便利。本系统采用ASP.NET技术，使得系统对事件的操作可以在服务器端进行。在数据库安全性和系统的维护方面，具有桌面应用程序无法比拟的优势，为教师提供了一个方便、可靠、准确的服务。
1.2系统主要功能
本系统主要包括5个功能模块：用户管理模块、院系管理模块、课程管理模块、选课管理模块和成绩管理模块。其中学生管理模块（用户管理模块中的学生管理部分）、课程管理模块、选课管理模块、成绩管理模块是与管理员（教师）和学生相关的主要功能模块。班级管理和教师管理模块（用户管理的教师管理部分）属于辅助性模块本系统的功能操作针对不同用户角色分权限进行管理。系统对学生角色提供的主要功能如下：个人信息管理、成绩查询、选课管理、查询已选课程等等。教师角色提供以下功能操作：查看自己所担任的课程的课程表和选该门课的学生信息以及由管理员所分配的学生信息管理、成绩管理。此系统给管理员(后台用户)提供的操作功能如下：用户添加、用户信息修改、用户密码修改、课程管理、成绩管理和班级管理、查看所有的院系、专业、课程、学生、教师的信息并可以对它们进行管理，如：添加、编辑、删除等
1.3系统特点
本系统主要具有以下特点：
（1） 界面清晰、功能实用、操作便捷。
（2） 开发周期短、维护费用低、软件更新速度快。
（3） 良好的人机交互：本系统从设计到开发首先考虑的都是要更好地实现人机交互，使学籍管理人员，特别是对计算机知识、网络知识不是很熟悉的教师也能够容易使用和操作。
（4） 目标系统具有可靠性、安全性、可维护性、可移植性等，对于不同的操作人员授予不同的操作权限。
（5） 以Excel的形式输出信息。
（6） 增加数据有效性验证：即在操作人员因某种原因错误的输入了数据时系统会自动提出数据录入有误并加以提示，这样保证了操作人员输入数据的有效性。
（7） 移植性和扩展性：软件的可移植性和扩展性是软件应用的重要参数指标，也是考察软件优劣的重要内容。本软件良好的可移植性和扩展性主要体现在以下几个方面：首先用户只需要使用IE浏览器（IE5.0及以上）就可操作该系统。其次该软件提供的管理员入口功能能够很方便的进行管理权限的分配。最后，该系统可以根据学校的发展以及教育系统的政策对将来教学管理的要求增加或者修改相应的功能，而不影响系统本身的功能。
（8） 系统架构体系：B/S体系。
（9） 系统运行平台：
客房端：Internet 信息服务(IIS)、浏览器(包括：IE、Netscape Navigator、Fire Fox等主流浏览器)。
服务器端：Framework 2.0、Microsoft SQL Server 2000数据库。
1.4系统网络方案
从现代教学管理来看，各部门既有自己独立的需求和数据，同时又有一些公用的数据，如学生基本信息。基于Web的教学管理系统，在数据的安全性方面，管理人员的操作都是在客户端实现，并不影响服务器的数据存储，即使客户端发生灾难性的系统崩溃，也不影响服务器的正常运行。，本系统采取角色管理来实现不同角色使用不同的权限。更改后的数据统一到服务器中的数据库中去，而不会出现不同的客房端有不同的脏数据的情况。
1.5系统开发工具与开发技术简介
本系统使用Microsoft Visual Studio 2005作为开发平台，Microsoft Visual Studio系统是微软的主打系列产品；是多种语言与开发环境的集大成者；是微软实行.NET战略的平台。在这个平台程序员可以使用自己熟悉的语言编写程序，如：Visua
Web-based teaching management system design and implementation of
Abstract
As the school size continues to expand, has also doubled the amount of information relevant to the growth in the face of a huge amount of information, we need teaching management system to improve the efficiency of the work of teaching management, teaching the computer-based information processing, networking, and is also teaching management to achieve modernization and information important content. Based on these circumstances, we have designed and developed a modern teaching-oriented management, multi-functional, based on B / S structure of the Web teaching management system. To improve the quality of teaching management to alleviate pressure on teachers, a reasonable allocation of human resources as the main purpose of giving consideration to the students to maintain their own information, to facilitate students and other related queries and elective operation, is the school to implement an essential part of electronic office.
This system has the following main modules include: user management, curriculum management, and elective management, performance management, faculty management, functional blocks. Using Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 platform for the development of interface design, as well as the interaction with the server data. The system optimizes the focus of teachers on students and student information management module elective modules, standardized management workflow, for unnecessary or redundant processes appropriate excision, in line with modern teaching management standards. Using SQL Server 2000 as Database. In database design, in line with the third paradigm, minimize data redundancy. The data on the database additions, changes and other common operations are carried out using the stored procedure maximum optimization. In terms of security, using forms authentication method to verify the identity registry; In addition, in order to prevent outsiders violence broke login screen, using Session Manager session state. Elective management, role allocation, and the decentralization process will be the highlight of this system.
Keywords: Web B \ S Teaching Management System
Web-based teaching systems design and implementation of management
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of school size, the variety of information also have increased, in the face of the huge amount of information, it is necessary to teaching management system to improve the efficiency of the management of teaching, teaching computer information processing, network - based, is also Teaching management to achieve modernization and an important content of the information. Based on these circumstances, we developed a design for modern teaching management, multi-functional, based on B / S structure of the Web teaching management systems.To improve the quality of teaching management, reduce the work pressure on teachers, the rational allocation of human resources for the primary purpose, take into account students to protect their own information, and facilitate students for classes, and other related operations. Schools to implement electronic office is a necessary component.
This system has the following main modules: user management, curriculum management, management classes, performance management, and management faculties function modules. Using Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 development platform for the realization of interface design and interaction with the server data. The system optimizes the focus of teachers to students of information management modules and classes of students module, and standardize the management of the process, the unnecessary or redundant processes appropriate amendments, in line with modern teaching management standards.Using SQL Server 2000 database for the background. In the database design, with the third paradigm, the greatest extent possible to reduce data redundancy. The database by data, such as to the use of common operations are the largest storage process optimization. In the area of security, using a form of verification methods to verify the identity of log addition, in order to prevent outsiders sign of violence to break through the interface, using the Session management session state. Course management, decentralization of authority and role in the distribution of the system will become a bright spot.
Key words: Web B \ S teaching management system
Directory
Summary I
Abstract II
1 on system 1
1.1 Development Background 1
1.2 system is mainly a function of
1.3 System features a
1.4 Network Scenario 2
1.5 System development tools and development technology Introduction 2
1.6 back-end database and its access method describes three
1.6.1 With regard to back-end database 3
1.6.2 With regard to database access ADO.NET 4
1.7MIS as well as the B / S architecture prospect of 4
2 Systems Analysis 6
2.1 System Environment Analysis 6
2.2 System Feasibility Analysis 7
2.3 Functional Requirements Analysis 8
2.3.1 Role Assignment 8
2.3.2 Functional Requirements Analysis 8
2.4 Data Requirements Analysis 9
2.5 Data Flow Graph 10
2.6 Data Dictionary 12
3 System Design 17
3.1 Network Layout 17
3.1.1 Network Layout Overview 17
3.1.2 Network Layout 18
3.2 The system function module design 20
3.3 Data Design 22
3.3.1 Design 22
3.3.2 Database structure design 22
3.3.3 Database form design 25
Table 3.3.4 Relationship between 28
3.4 System Interface Design 29
3.4.1 login page design 29
3.4.2 the overall framework of the system design 30
3.4.3 Student Management Module Interface Design 32
3.4.4 Class Management Module Interface Design 33
3.4.5 Teacher Management Module Interface Design 33
3.4.6 Course Management Module Interface Design 34
3.4.7 Student Elective Management Module Interface Design 35
3.4.8 Results Management Module Interface Design 35
3.4.9 Other design 36
4 System Implementation 38
4.1 function modules to achieve 38
4.1.1 login form function to achieve 38
4.1.2 Realization of student management module features 42
5 Test 45
5.1 Test Methods 45
5.2 Test Content 45
5.3 Test procedure 45
5.4 Test Results 46
References 47
Conclusion 48
Appendix 49
Thanks 64
1 on system
1.1 Development Background
The face of global information technology, educational institutions, office information technology and office automation can not be delayed. Student Information Management is an integral part of the school management, but also the data of the most significant one of the most cumbersome business. The school student management information network is a network of education into a bold step to make sufficient resources, sharing of information fully reflect the real-time, but also on B / S architecture is to facilitate student management system, school management, the implementation of electronic an integral part of the office. Can greatly improve the efficiency of teachers. So that management and convenience, high reliability, large memory capacity, security is good, low cost, manual management or stand-alone manage and even on-line management can not match advantage. These advantages can greatly improve the efficiency of labor and capital management of personnel, but also schools, scientific and standardized management an important condition for integration with the world. Is therefore necessary to develop a set of such software. This system mainly for student information, class information and course information management, student information achieved statistical analysis and query functions, the implementation of various programs the school provided some support. This not only eased the pressure on teachers, but also for student registration and elective facilitated. The system uses ASP.NET technology, making the operation of the system of events can be carried out on the server side. In the database security and system maintenance with a desktop application can not compare with the advantages of providing teachers with a convenient, reliable and accurate service.
1.2 system is mainly
The system includes five functional modules: user management module, management module faculty, curriculum management module, elective management module and performance management module. One student management module (user management module in the Student Management section), course management module, elective management module, performance management module is the administrator (teacher) and students related to the main functional blocks. Classroom management and teacher management module (user management, teacher management section) are auxiliary functions of the module operation of this system for different user roles to manage access points. System to provide the students the role of the main functions are as follows: personal information management, performance information, elective management, query has been selected courses and so on. Teacher''s role to provide the following functions to be performed: see himself as a curriculum of courses and selection of students in the course information as well as the students assigned by the administrator information management, performance management. This system is to administrator (back-users) provided by operating functions are as follows: the user add, modify user information, the user password changes, curriculum management, performance management and classroom management, and view all of the faculties, professional, curriculum, students, teachers, information and can manage them, such as: add, edit, delete, etc.
1.3 System Features
The system mainly has the following characteristics:
(1) interface definition, functional and practical, easy to handle.
(2) development cycle is short, low maintenance costs, software updates, fast.
(3) Good human-computer interaction: The system from design to development are the first consideration to better achieve human-computer interaction, so that student status management, especially of computer knowledge, Internet knowledge is not very familiar with the teachers can easily the use and operation.
(4) The target system reliability, security, maintainability, portability, etc., for different operators to grant permissions to different operations.
(5) to Excel in the form of output.
(6) to increase the data validation: that is wrong for some reason, the operator input data, the system will automatically make data entry is incorrect and should be prompt, so that the operator ensure the validity of the input data.
(7), portability and scalability: software portability and scalability of software applications, an important parameter indicators, is also an important study advantages and disadvantages of the software. This software is a good portability and scalability is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, users only need to use the IE browser (IE5.0 and above) can operate the system. Second, the software provides administrators can easily import capabilities to manage the allocation of rights. Finally, the system according to the development of schools and the education system''s policy on the future of teaching management requirements increase or change the corresponding function, without affecting the system itself functions.
(8) System Architecture System: B / S system.
(9) System Platform:
Room-side: Internet Information Services (IIS), browsers (including: IE, Netscape Navigator, Fire Fox and other mainstream browser).
Server-side: Framework 2.0, Microsoft SQL Server 2000 database.
1.4 System Network Solution
From the modern teaching management point of view, various departments both its own independent needs and data, while there are some common data, such as students basic information. Web-based teaching and learning management systems, data security, the management operations are client-side implementation, does not affect the server''s data storage, even if the client catastrophic system crash, does not affect the normal operation of the server . This system to take the role of management to achieve the different roles with different permissions. The changed data into the database server to go, but do not appear different rooms have different side of dirty data.
1.5 System development tools and development technology Introduction
The system uses Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 as a development platform, Microsoft Visual Studio system is Microsoft''s flagship product; it is in multiple languages and development environment, synthesizer; it is Microsoft''s implementation. NET platform strategy. In this platform, programmers can use familiar programming languages, such as: Visua
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