摘 要
随着计算机信息技术的发展进步，我们的社会已逐步向数字化、信息化、网络化迈进。高等院校作为发展的先驱，已经普遍使用计算机系统来进行各个部门的管理工作，大大提高了工作效率和管理效率，但仍然存在一些弊端和缺陷：各部门的管理信息系统起步不同，平台不同，统一管理比较困难等问题。近年来，出现了以解决这些问题为目的的一卡通系统。一卡通系统是以非接触卡为信息载体的适用于各种消费和管理的多功能网络系统。
持卡人子系统作为一卡通系统的核心组成部分，本系统在充分进行可行性研究和详细的需求分析的基础上，对系统的设计方案、功能模块、接口设计、数据库系统设计和安全保证方面进行了较详细的说明。本系统采用C/S模式，以Delphi 和Oracle做为开发语言和后台数据库实现了持卡人的基本数据管理。
关键字: 持卡人；数据库技术 ；子系统；Oracle；Delphi
Abstract
With the computer information technology development and progress, our society has gradually to digital, information-based, network-based forward. As a pioneer in the development of institutions of higher learning, has been widely used computer systems for the management of various departments, greatly improving the productivity and management efficiency, but there are still some defects and shortcomings: the departments of management information systems start different, different platform, Unified management more difficult, and so on. In recent years, there has to solve these problems for the purpose of the card system. Card System is non-contact card for the application of information carriers in a variety of consumer and management of multifunctional network system.
The cardholder subsystem as kernel of the currency card system, based on the fully feasibility study and on the demand analysis foundation, to the system design proposal, the function module, the connection design, the database system design and the safty design and so on has carried on the detailed elaboration. This system was put up as structures of C/S, using Delphi and Oracle as developing language and background database, realizes all fuctions of the cardholder subsystem.
Key words: The cardholder ; Data bank technology ; subsystem; Oracle；Delphi
目 录
第1章 绪 论 1
1.1校园一卡通的目的与意义 1
1.2传统校园管理的模式 1
1.3 校园一卡通系统所采用的技术 2
1.4校园一卡通系统与传统校园管理模式比较 2
1.5校园一卡通系统的发展现状 3
第2章 持卡人子系统应用技术简介 5
2.1 C/S结构解析 5
2.2 Delphi 7.0概述 5
2.3 Oracle 9i数据库概述 6
第3章 持卡人子系统系统分析和详细设计 7
3.1 校园一卡通持卡人子系统的系统分析 7
3.2 校园一卡通持卡人子系统总体设计 8
3.3校园一卡通持卡人子系统系统功能设计 10
3.4 校园一卡通持卡人子系统数据库设计 14
第4章 校园一卡通持卡人子系统的具体实现 20
4.1校园一卡通持卡人子系统配置环境 20
4.2校园一卡通持卡人子系统的具体细节 20
第5章 校园一卡通持卡人子系统的测试 31
5.1系统测试的目标 31
5.2测试的方法 31
5.3校园一卡通持卡人子系统测试结果 32
结 论 34
致 谢 36
参考文献 37
第1章 绪 论
1.1校园一卡通的目的与意义
随着国内信息化建设进程的加速，如何使学校现有资源得到高效合理的应用，使教育信息化带动教育的现代化，使教育与信息技术真正地融合，提高教学质量和教学效率, 提高学校现代化教学程度，提高学校声誉，提升学校间竞争力，“校园一卡通”是今后的校园信息化建设的发展趋势和必然。
为学校的教师、学生和教学管理人员提供具有开放性、灵活性、面向学校应用服务的管理平台，是教学管理科学化的必要前提和基本途径，所以，“校园一卡通”的建设势在必行。
校园一卡通系统在校园网中起着通行桥梁的作用，通过与其它的各个管理系统模块的信息连接，将整个校园网有机高效地带动起来，使得校园各个方面的工作高效、简便而更加顺利。
1.2传统校园管理的模式
随着学校管理现代化方向意识的不断增强，基于卡片应用的计算机管理系统已日益普及，学生持有传统的多种卡片和不同证件已司空见惯。然而，随着各种卡证的管理功能不断发展，由于传统卡功能的局限，常常需要给学生签发多张卡证才能满足管理上的需要，如学生证、图书证、医疗病历卡、出入胸卡、就餐消费卡、上机卡等，不仅增加管理成本，也给每个学生管理自己的卡片增加了难度，有时甚至是“卡多为患”。
1目前许多学校都有多种卡应用系统在使用，这些卡系统分别由学校内各部门根据自己的需求，从不同的厂家独立引进并在本部门所辖范围内使用。由于各个部门采用系统的技术与规范不统一，造成了各种卡应用系统无法兼容，资源不能合理配置和共享。
2学生手中学生证卡、食堂饭卡、图书馆借阅卡、银行消费卡以及电话卡 等等。少则三四张，多则六七张，给学生用卡带来了不便；学校不能做到统一管理，比较混乱。
3学生使用201、200、IP卡等密码记帐式电话卡时，需要输入冗长的卡号、密码，造成打电话难的问题。
4目前许多学校都建成了校园网，为校园一卡通系统提供网络基础。
5卡片应用技术的逐渐成熟（包括系统软件和卡片机具），为校园一卡通系统提供了技术基础；各个学校的卡系统的应用情况对校园一卡通系统提出现实的需求。
结 论
近三个月来，在老师和同学的帮助下，对校园一卡通持卡人子系统的制作和研究的过程中，我受益非浅，能够把软件工程的理论运用到实际工作中，对校园一卡通系统的理解也更加深刻了。
本校园一卡通持卡人子系统所解决的问题
在这里我们对照最初设计本系统的各项目标和需求情况，来分析一下本系统所解决的问题：（缩减下面的内容为一自然段约200字）
本系统具有实用可靠、先进性、安全性、快捷方便、易维护、易扩充等特点，充分用到了Oracle9i数据库和Delphi7.0等软件的特点满足了用户实际生活和工作中的需要，更满足了校园一卡通系统的各方面的要求。
1．实用和可靠：Oracle数据库的应用，使本系统能够很好的支持海量数据交互，充分考虑到用户需求，满足了用户实际生活和工作的需要，极大满足了实用和可靠方面的需求。
2．先进性：本系统采用Delphi 7.0为前台开发语言，这个工具是现阶段最流行的编程语言之一，把Oracle 9i数据库作为本系统的后台数据库，Oracle数据库对庞大的数据有更好的处理能力，完善的功能可以使本系统相当长时间内不会落后。
3．安全性：C/S架构的采用使本系统具有了只对应固定范围的用户，用户身份验证功能的设计使本系统内所涉及到用户有了明显的权限划分，避免了用户对本系统各个功能在使用上产生混乱，出现的一系列安全性问题。另外，凡登陆到本系统的用户必须要有客户端软件，我们可以限制客户端软件的分发，这样也可以在一定程度上加强了安全方面问题的防范。
4．快捷方便：本系统的实现了批量录入，在很大程度上方便了管理员。
5．易维护：除Oracle 9i数据库本身具有易维护的特点以外，本系统还记录了批量录入以外的不定期的个别数据操作，使管理员的工作更方便。
6．易扩充：本系统的各个模块都是相互独立的，耦合度较小，便于日后进行模块复用。本校园一卡通持卡人子系统的存在的问题
虽然本系统解决了以上这些问题，使校园一卡通持卡人子系统的在功能和设计上都更加完善，但是还存在很多问题。
制作本校园一卡通持卡人子系统的心得
在设计和制作校园一卡通持卡人子系统的过程中，我学习到了很多知识，积累了经验。
1．在对校园一卡通系统的学习和了解过程中，我感受到校园一卡通系统的强大生命力，它通过同一数据库和软件平台方便的操控各种数据、实现管理，实现数据共享，全面检索，实时查询，及时生成统计报表，最大限度的提高了管理效率。
2．本系统的制作使我了解到持卡人子系统的优点，在于能集中对人员、卡及设备进行管理和配置，对系统的管理、维护、用户的使用、卡片处理等只需操作一次既可完成，无需多次转换，极为方便。
3．在持卡人子系统的设计过程中，我们试着达到这样的目的。当需要大量数据进行录入和修改操作时，通过批量录入可以很容易实现，当录入数据量不是很大而且比较散乱，我们可以单个进行录入，并记录每次操作便于以后查询。经过实践，这样的方式是可行的，符合实际需要。
4．本系统设计的过程中用到了大量软件工程的知识，使我对软件设计的流程有了更新的认识。
5．在报表的制作过程中，我们并没有找到在报表和程序之间传递参数的方法，采用了在数据库中建立临时表，再把临时表导出形成RAVE报表的流程。
以上就是在本次校园一卡通持卡人子系统毕业设计过程中，我的心得和体会，如有不足请指正，让我们把校园一卡通系统做得更加完善，建设一个更具数字化和信息化的现代校园网络。
致 谢
在这次毕业设计期间，我得到了老师的悉心指导和大力帮助，老师多次给我们开会进行设计指导，使我们明确毕业设计过程中的注意事项和各阶段的任务，平日里也十分关心我们毕业设计的进展情况，在我遇到疑难问题时候，老师细心讲解，循循善诱，不厌其烦地指导，给了我很大的帮助。他丰富的知识和经验、严谨的治学态度、谦逊的作风都是我要努力学习的榜样。毕业设计的顺利完成凝聚着老师的心血和汗水，我的每一点进步都和老师辛勤的劳动分不开，在此，我向老师表示衷心的感谢。在他的督促和指导下，我才会有今天的进步，我的每一份收获都凝聚着他的心血，在此我对他致以最诚挚的感谢和最崇高的敬意！
同时，在毕业设计期间，还得到了学校及计算机科学与技术系各位领导和老师的大力支持，为我提供了良好的上机环境 。此外，在我进行开发的过程中，还得到了许多老师和同学的热心帮助，在此，一并向他们表示衷心的感谢！
参考文献
黄文钰.DELPHI程序设计经典[M] .北京：科学出版社,2005.
只飞.最新DELPHI 7 数据库开发指南[M] .北京：希望电子出版社,2002.
Ray Lischner．Delphi in a Nutshell[M] .北京：电力出版社，1997．345-356.
ClayShannon．Developer''s Guide to Delphi Trouble Shooting[M] .北京：电子科技大学出版社,2002．217-228.
张春林.Delphi 6程序设计导学[M] .清华大学出版社。 2002．40-54. 飞思科技.《Delphi6开发者手册》[M] .电子工业出版社。2002.3. 飞思科技.《Delphi6数据库开发》[M] .电子工业出版社。2002.1.
姚世军. Oracle 9i 数据库原理与应用教程[M] .北京：国防工业出版社，2004.
Thomas Kyte. Expert One-on-one Oracle[M] . [美] 清华大学.
Ryan K. Stephens, Ronald R. Plew. Database Design [M]. Macmillan Computer Publishing U.S.A, 2001.
Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan. Database Sys Concepts, Fourth Edition [M]. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2002.
王珊,陈红. 数据库系统原理教程[M] .北京:清华大学出版社,1998.7.
萨师煊,王珊. 数据库系统概论(第三版)[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
Abstract
With the computer information technology, development and progress, our society has gradually digitized, information and network technology forward. As a pioneer in the development of institutions of higher education has been the widespread use of computer systems for the management of various departments has greatly enhanced the efficiency and management efficiency, but there are still some drawbacks and shortcomings: the department''s management information system started different platforms different, the unified management of difficult issues. In recent years, emerged to address these issues for the purpose of the card system. Card system is based on non-contact card for the information carrier for a variety of consumer and management of multi-network system.
Cardholder subsystem core of the system as an integral part of the card, the system in the full feasibility study and detailed needs analysis, based on the system design, functional modules, interface design, database system design and security assurances carried out a more detailed description. The system uses C / S mode to Delphi, and Oracle as a development language and database implemented the cardholder''s basic data management.
Keywords: cardholders; database technology; subsystem; Oracle; Delphi
Abstract
With the computer information technology development and progress, our society has gradually to digital, information-based, network-based forward. As a pioneer in the development of institutions of higher learning, has been widely used computer systems for the management of various departments, greatly improving the productivity and management efficiency, but there are still some defects and shortcomings: the departments of management information systems start different, different platform, Unified management more difficult, and so on. In recent years, there has to solve these problems for the purpose of the card system. Card System is non-contact card for the application of information carriers in a variety of consumer and management of multifunctional network system.
The cardholder subsystem as kernel of the currency card system, based on the fully feasibility study and on the demand analysis foundation, to the system design proposal, the function module, the connection design, the database system design and the safty design and so on has carried on the detailed elaboration. This system was put up as structures of C / S, using Delphi and Oracle as developing language and background database, realizes all fuctions of the cardholder subsystem.
Key words: The cardholder; Data bank technology; subsystem; Oracle; Delphi
Directory
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 The purpose and significance of Campus Card 1
1.2 Traditional model of a Campus Management
1.3 campus card system used in the technology 2
1.4 campus card system compared with the traditional campus model 2
1.5 Development of campus card system 3
Chapter 2 Introduction 5 cardholders Subsystem Application Technology
2.1 C / S Structure Analysis 5
2.2 Delphi 7.0 Overview 5
2.3 Oracle 9i Database Overview 6
Chapter 3, sub-systems analysis and detailed design of the holder 7
3.1 Analysis of Campus Card cardholders subsystem 7
3.2 Subsystem Design 8 Campus Card holders
3.3 sub-system functions Campus Card cardholders Design 10
3.4 Campus Card cardholders Subsystem Database Design 14
Chapter 4 campus card holders concrete realization of the subsystem 20
4.1 Campus Card cardholders subsystem configuration environment 20
4.2 Campus Card holder details of the subsystem 20
Chapter 5, campus card holder subsystem test 31
5.1 The objective of system testing 31
5.2 Test Methods 31
5.3 Campus Card cardholders subsystem test results 32
Conclusion 34
Thanks 36
References 37
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The purpose and significance of Campus Card
With the domestic information technology to accelerate the process of how to make the schools existing resources efficiently and reasonable application of the education modernization of information technology-driven education, so that education and information technology, real convergence, improve teaching quality and teaching efficiency, improving schools modernization teaching, increase the school''s reputation to enhance the competitiveness between schools, "Campus Card" is the future of campus information technology trends and the inevitable.
For school teachers, students and teaching management provides an open, flexible, for schools application service management platform, is a necessary prerequisite for scientific management of teaching and basic way, therefore, "Campus Card" in the construction of potential the pipeline.
Campus card system in the campus network plays the role of a bridge passage, through the various management systems and other information on the module connected to the entire campus network organically and efficiently bring together the various aspects of the work makes the campus efficient, simple and more smoothly.
1.2 of traditional school management model
With the modernization of school management has been strengthening its sense of direction, based on a computer card application management system has become increasingly popular, the students held a variety of traditional cards and different documents has become commonplace. However, with a variety of card management functions are being constantly developed, due to the limitations of the traditional card function, often require students to issue more than one card in order to meet management needs, such as student card, library card, medical and medical cards, access badges , dining consumer card-on card, not only increase the management costs, but also to each student to manage their own cards more difficult, and sometimes even a "card-infested."
At present, many schools have a variety of card application system in use, the card system by schools and departments according to their needs, from different manufacturers, and the introduction of an independent jurisdiction in the sector range. As the various departments system technology and standards are not uniform, resulting in a variety of card application system does not compatible with rational allocation and sharing of resources can not.
2 students in the hands of student card, canteens Fanka, library borrowing cards, bank cards and phone cards, and so consumption. Varies from 34 to as many as 67, giving students cards inconvenienced; schools can not achieve a unified management, rather confused.
3 students, 201,200, IP cards, phone cards account password, you need to enter the long card number, password, resulting in the difficult problem to call.
4 At present, many schools have built a campus network, in order to provide network-based campus card system.
5 card the application of technology maturity (including the system software and card equipment), for the campus card system provides a technological base; the various schools of the application card system on campus card system with realistic requirements.
Conclusion
The last three months, the teachers and students with the help of the campus card holders subsystem production and research process, I have benefited from the software engineering theory can be applied to practical work, on campus Smart Card System and more profoundly understood.
The Campus Card holders subsystem problems
Here we contrast the original design goals of this system and demand to analyze the problems in this system: (to reduce the content of the following is a paragraph of approximately 200 words)
This system has the practical and reliable, advanced, security, fast and convenient, easy to maintain, easy to expand the characteristics of the full use of the Oracle9i database and Delphi7.0 software such as user''s physical characteristics to meet the needs of life and work, but also meet the all aspects of campus card system requirements.
1. Practical and reliable: Oracle database applications, so that the system is well supported by massive data exchange, fully taking into account the user requirements, meet user needs in real life and work, a great practical and reliable to meet the needs.
2. Advancement: The system uses Delphi 7.0 as a front development language, this tool is at this stage, one of the most popular programming languages, the Oracle 9i database as the system''s back-end database, Oracle database, the huge data have better processing power, complete set of features can make quite a long time the system will not lag behind.
3. Safety: C / S architecture used to make this system has a corresponding only to a fixed range of users, user authentication features designed to make the system user has been involved in a clear division of authority, to avoid the various users of the system function the use of confusion, there''s a range of security issues. In addition, any user logged on to this system must have the client software, we can limit the distribution of client software, so that you can to some extent to strengthen security aspects of preparedness.
4. Quick and easy: The System of the batch input, in large measure to facilitate the administrator.
5. Easy Maintenance: In addition to Oracle 9i database itself has the characteristics of easy to maintain, the present system also records other than the occasional batch input of individual data manipulation, so that the administrator''s job easier.
6. Easy expansion: the various modules of the system are independent of each other, coupling small, easy to reuse for future modules. The Campus Card cardholders subsystem problems
Although this system solves the above problems, so that campus card holder subsystems in the functional and design are more perfect, but there are still many problems.
Production of the Campus Card cardholders subsystem experiences
In the design and production of campus card holder subsystem process, I learned a lot of knowledge and accumulated experience.
1. In the campus card system of learning and understanding of the process, I feel the great vitality of the campus card system, it adopted the same database and software platform for the manipulation of a variety of data to achieve management, data sharing, fully searchable, real-time query and timely statistical report is generated, the maximum increase management efficiency.
2. The production of this system made me aware of the cardholder subsystem advantage lies in its ability to focus on the staff, cards and equipment management and configuration of system management, maintenance, and the user''s use of the card processing, can only do this once complete without several conversions, very convenient.
3. In the cardholder subsystem design process, we try to achieve such a goal. When you need large amount of data entry and modification operations, through batch entry can be easily achieved, when the input data volume is not large and relatively scattered, we can carry out a single entry, and record each operation to facilitate later queries. Through practice, this approach is feasible, in line with actual needs.
4. The system used in the process of designing a large number of software engineering knowledge, so I have updated the software design process knowledge.
5. In the report production process, we have not found in the statements and the procedures to pass parameters between the method used to create temporary tables in the database, then export the temporary table to form RAVE report process.
These are the card holder in this sub-campus graduate design process, my ideas and experience, if less than please correct me, let''s campus card system in a more perfect, the building of a more digital and information technology a modern campus network.
Thanks
During the graduation period, I get the teacher''s careful guidance and great help, the teacher gave us several times to meet the design guide, so that we have explicitly in the process of graduate design considerations and the various stages of the task, is also very concerned about our daily li the progress of graduation, when I encounter difficult problems, the teacher carefully explained, patience, patiently guide, gave me a great help. His wealth of knowledge and experience, rigorous scholarship, attitude, humility is the style I want to learn from. Graduate design embodies the successful completion of the teacher''s efforts and sweat, a little advance in each of my teachers for their hard work and inseparable from, in this, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the teachers. Under his supervision and guidance, I will have today''s progress, I have a copy of every harvest rally his efforts, and I extend to him our most sincere gratitude and highest respect!
Meanwhile, during the graduation project, also supported by the school and the Department of Computer Science and Technology leaders and teachers you the strong support provided me with a good environment on the machine. In addition, I developed the process, also received a number of enthusiastic teachers and students to help in this, a heartfelt thanks to them!
References
Wen-Yu Huang. DELPHI program design classics [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2005.
only the fly. New DELPHI 7 Database Developer''s Guide [M]. Beijing: Hope Electronic Press, 2002.
Ray Lischner. Delphi in a Nutshell [M]. Beijing: Electric Power Press ,1997.345-356.
ClayShannon. Developer''s Guide to Delphi Trouble Shooting [M]. Beijing: Electronic Science and Technology University Press ,2002.217-228.
Zhang Chunlin. Delphi 6 programming Guidance [M]. Tsinghua University Press. 2002.40-54. fly Synopsys. "Delphi6 Developer Guide" [M]. Electronic Industry Publishing House. 2002.3. fly Synopsys. "Delphi6 database development" [M]. Electronic Industry Publishing House. 2002.1.
YAO Shi-jun. Oracle 9i Database Principles and Applications Tutorial [M]. Beijing: National Defense Industry Press, 2004.
Thomas Kyte. Expert One-on-one Oracle [M]. [The U.S.], Tsinghua University.
Ryan K. Stephens, Ronald R. Plew. Database Design [M]. Macmillan Computer Publishing USA, 2001.
Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan. Database Sys Concepts, Fourth Edition [M]. McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2002.
Wang Shan, Chen. Tutorial Principles of database systems [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1998.7.
Sa Shi Xuan, Wang Shan. Introduction to Database System (third edition) [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003
