燃油锅炉PLC的控制程序设计

论文编号:ZD890    论文字数:23449,页数:57

摘  要
    自从20世纪60年代末第一台PLC问世以来，已很快被应用到机械制造、冶金、矿业、轻工业等各个领域。PLC是采用微电脑技术制造的通用的自动控制设备，它具有高可靠性，能适应工业现场的高温，冲击震动等恶劣环境，广泛应用于机械设备、生产流水线和生产过程的自动控制。PLC主要具有逻辑运行功能，可以代替继电器进行开关控制、具有定时控制的功能、记数控制功能、步进控制功能，A/D、D/A转换功能，数据处理功能，通信，联网功能，并配置了较强的监控功能
 燃油锅炉和建筑物自备发电机随着城市发展而越来越多地应用。以前使用燃煤锅炉由于其在燃烧时产生大量的CO2和粉尘污染环境而逐渐被淘汰，相对应的用燃油锅炉来代替燃煤锅炉已被广泛用于宾馆、大型商场等建筑。由PLC组成的燃油锅炉控制系统适用于配用各种进口及国产燃烧器的燃油锅炉，对锅炉实行全自动控制，包括锅炉水位、蒸汽压力、燃烧系统的参数检测、指示、报警、调节等进行控制。
 
 
 关键词：可编程序控制器  燃油锅炉  控制系统

Abstract
 Since the 20th century, PLC has quickly been applied to machinery, metallurgy, mining, light industry, and other fields after the first PLC been invented in the late of 1960s. PLC is an overall automatic control equipment which been manufactured by micro-computer technology. PLC has some advantages. It has high reliability. It suit to the high- temperature industrial environment and the adverse environmental like the impact shock .It also can widely used on mechanical equipment, production lines and the production process automatic. PLC has the logic operation function to replace relays for switching control, with timing control functions, numeric control functions, step control functions A/D, D/A conversion functions, data processing functions, communications, networking functions and control functions of stronger watch.
 Fuel boilers and city- owned generators of buildings been applied extensively with the development increasingly. The coal combustion boilers used previously have been gradually eliminated .Because it has large number of CO2 and dust pollution of the environment .The corresponding fuel oil boilers has replaced coal-fired boilers and have been widely used in hotels, shopping centers and other buildings. PLC control system applicable to fuel boilers with combustion devices in a variety of imported and domestically fuel boilers to implement fully automatic boiler control, including boiler water control, steam pressure controller, combustion system parameters detection control, instructions control and warning control.               
 
 
Key words:  programmable controller   fuel boiler   control system

目录
摘  要 I
Abstract II
1 绪 论 1
1.1课题研究的背景和意义 1
1.2锅炉的基础知识 2
1.2.1锅炉的定义 2
1.2.2锅炉的发展 2
1.2.3锅炉的工作 4
1.2.4锅炉的结构 5
1.3 PLC的基础知识 6
1.3.1 PLC的定义 6
1.3.2 PLC简介 7
1.3.3 PLC的特点（与继电器比较） 7
2 系统程序的设计 9
2.1燃油锅炉的运行及示意图 9
2.2 控制要求 10
2.3 燃油锅炉的运行框图 10
2.4 PLC机型的选择 11
2.4.1 方法1. 按以下条件选择机型 11
2.4.2 方法2.按以下要求选择机型 13
2.4.3 方法3 14
2.4.4 PLC容量估算 17
2.5 系统的I/O接口以及硬件接线图 20
2.6 系统控制的梯形图 22
2.6.1起动 22
2.6.2停止 23
2.6.3异常状况自动关火 24
2.6.4锅炉水位控制 25
2.6.5系统总梯形图 26
2.7 系统的示警电路 29
3 用移位寄存器来设计系统的程序 30
3.1 移位寄存器的定义功能 30
3.2 移位寄存器的操作过程 30
3.3 移位寄存器的作用 30
3.4 用移位寄存器绘制系统的控制图 31
3.4.1启动 31
3.4.2停止 32
3.4.3异常情况时 34
3.4.4水位控制 35
3.4.5 系统控制过程总梯形图 35
4 总 结 39
致谢 41
参考文献 42
附录  指令表 43