纳米氧化铋的发展

论文编号:HG002  论文字数:18508,页数:39

摘要

综述了纳米氧化铋的发展研究状况，并介绍了近年来发展起来的氧化铋制备方法沉淀法、水解法、溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法等及在光催化降解材料方面等应用。氧化铋是一种先进的功能粉体材料，应用前景广阔。为了研究纳米氧化铋Bi2O3的光催化活性，以分析纯硝酸铋和硝酸为原料，采用化学沉淀法制备出纳米Bi2O3粉体。以罗丹明B为光催化降解反应化合物，进行光催化实验，研究了Bi2O3光催化降解罗丹明B的动力学行为。在Bi2O3悬浊液中，在紫外灯直接照射下，光催化降解罗丹明B溶液，采用分光光度法测量罗丹明B的吸光度，从而得出不同温度下罗丹明B的降解率，实验表明，随着煅烧温度的升高，晶型发生转变，固体表面电子结合能增大，光催化活性也相应提高。由此确定最佳的煅烧温度为850℃。除了研究不同煅烧温度对纳米Bi2O3光催化活性的影响，本文还通过金属元素Ni及非金属元素草酸根对纳米Bi2O3进行改性，考察了掺杂对Bi2O3光催化性能的影响，从而确定了在某一特定温度，时间下，金属/非金属不同掺杂量对其光催化活性的影响。同样，可通过光催化降解罗丹明B溶液，得出金属Ni2+和非金属C2O42-的最佳掺杂量均为0.6%。最后，通过复合掺杂对光催化材料Bi2O3进行改性处理，结果显示，复合掺杂使得Bi2O3具有较高的光催化活性。

关键词：氧化铋；化学沉淀法；光催化降解；罗丹明B；掺杂

Abstract
 The progress of nanosized bismuth oxide is reviewed. Several preparation methods including precipitation process,hydrolysis method,Sol-Gel,microemulsion method are systematically introduced.Some applications of nanosized bismuth oxide used as photocatalytic decomposition material and so on.Bismuth oxideis a advanced functioned powder material,having wide application perspectives.Using Bi2O3·5H2O and HNO3 as raw materials,nanometer Bi2O3 powder was prepared in chemistry precipitation method to study the photocalytic of nano Bi2O3 powders .Photo-catalytic degradation tests were carried out ,with Rhodamine B being the degradation object .The photocalytic degradation of Rhodamine B on Bi2O3 was researched under the UV ray irradiating the absorbance of Rhodamine in the aqueous suspension of Bi2O3 was measured by spectrophotometry ,we calculated the rate constans K of photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B beteen variance of temperation (500～900℃).The structure of Bi2O3 surface increases accordingly ,at the same time ,the photocatalytic activity for pollutans degradation is increased.
 In addition to research on nanotechnology Bi2O3 different calcine temperature catalytic active optical effects, this article also adopted elements Ni metal and non-metallic elements oxalic acid roots of nanotechnology Bi2O3 a modified, inspected the range of Bi2O3-ray catalytic performance impact to determine the temperature at a particular time, metal / non-metallic different mix of the impact of its optical catalytic reactive。Similarly, through optical catalytic degradation Rhodamine B solution, resulting in metal and non-metallic C2O42- Ni2+ the best mix of both 0.6%. Finally, set a camera through the complex mix catalytic materials for modified Bi2O3 processing results composite mix of higher-ray makes Bi2O3 catalytic reactive.

Key words:bismuth oxide;chemistry precipitation method;photocatalytic degradation; Rhodamine B;doping

目录
摘要 ................................................................................1
Abstract.............................................................................2
目录 ................................................................................3
第一章  绪论 ........................................................................4
1.1 纳米材料在国内外研究的趋势和发展状况极其应用.....................................4
1.1.1 电子功能材料...................................................................6
1.1.2 燃速催化剂 ....................................................................7
1.1.3 光学材料 ......................................................................7
1.1.4 医用复合材料 ..................................................................7
1.1.5 防辐射材料.....................................................................7
1.2研究的目的与意义..................................................................8
1.3 国际上采用方法及意义.............................................................8
第二章 实验部分 ....................................................................10
2.1 实验原理 .......................................................................10
2.1.1 Bi2O3光催化原理 ..............................................................10
2.1.2光催化性能分析原理.............................................................11
A0 — 罗丹明B溶液的初始吸光度.......................................................12
2.1.3 纳米Bi2O3的制备原理 ..........................................................12
2.1.4 一级反应动力学原理 ...........................................................13
2.2 实验仪器和药品 .................................................................14
2.2.1 实验药品......................................................................14
2.2.2 实验仪器......................................................................14
2.3 实验步骤........................................................................15
2.3.1 纳米Bi2O3的制备...............................................................15
2.3.2 煅烧温度对纳米Bi2O3光催化性能的影响 ..........................................15
2.3.3 元素掺杂对纳米Bi2O3光催化性能的影响 ..........................................15
2.3.4 光催化性能的测试..............................................................16
第三章 结果与讨论...................................................................17
3.1 煅烧温度对产品性能的影响........................................................17
3.2 NiSO4不同掺杂量对Bi2O3粉体催化性能的影响 .......................................19
3.3 草酸(H2C2O4) 不同掺杂量对Bi2O3粉体光催化性能响 .................................21
3.4 NiSO4和草酸双元素掺杂对Bi2O3粉体光催化性能的影响................................22
第四章 结论.........................................................................23
第五章 环境效益与经济效益分析 ......................................................24
5.1 环境效益分析 ...................................................................24
5.2 经济效益分析....................................................................24
参考文献............................................................................25
致谢................................................................................27
附录................................................................................28