贵港市公安局巡警支队办公楼设计的翻译

 

题 目：贵港市公安局巡警

 

（英文资料翻译）

 

学    院 :       土木建筑工程学院

专    业 :       土木工程          

班    级 :        2002级                

学    号 :        XXXX         

姓   名 :        XXX               

指导老师 :      XXX   XX

日    期 :      2010年4月31日

原文：

The development of space trusses led to the creation and application of truss systems with specific types of node: MERO, Unistrut, Triodetic, Moduspan, Harley Mai Sky, Catrus, Pyramitec, Nodus and others. The MERO system in fact was one of the first space grid systems and it was introduced in the 1940s in Germany by Dr Max Mengering-hausen. To this day it remains one of the most popular in use. It consists of prefabricated steel tubes, which are screwed into forged steel connectors,the so-called MERO ball. Up to 18 members can be joined with this system without any eccentricity.

 

The two basic types of these systems are the flat skeletal grid and the curvilinear forms of barrel vaults and braced domes. In the flat skeletal double-layer grids two parallel lane grids are inter-connected by inclined web members. The grids may be laid directly over one another (direct grid) or be offset from one another (offset grid). These basic relations lead to different geometries of the system. Lamella domes and vaults consist of inter-connecting steel or aluminium units. An important innovative step was the invention by Buckminster Fuller of the geodesic domes, to which reference has been made earlier.

 

The space grid systems mostly use circular or tubular members and their nodes may be charac-terized as solid or hollow spherical nodes, cylindrical, prismatic, plates, or nodeless.  Most of these systems are double layered in that a top and a bottom layer composed from linear bars are intercon-nected by vertical or inclined, equally linear, members. The bars of single-layer space grids are usually positioned on a curved surface. A recently proposed new type of space grid is the ''nexorade'',which is assembled from ''nexors''. Nexors have four bars (eventually scaffolding tubes) and these are connected at four connection points, two at the ends and two at intermediate points by swivel couplers (Baverel et al., 2000).

The various space grids provide abundant inspiration for creating different structures including domes, vaults and irregular structures and, thereby, have an important role in architectural design. Domes and vaults assembled from space trusses have taken on a great variety. One of the world''s largest is the hypar-tensegrity Georgia Dome (structural designer: Mathys Levy in cooperation with his co-workers at Weidlinger Associates, 1992). It has a sophisticated structural scheme (see Figure 1.15). Its ridge cables make rhombs and its cables lie in two planes.

 

Deployable structures make temporary scaffolding unnecessary. Mamoru Kawaguchi designed the Pantadome system employing a series of hinges so that the completed dome can be raised all at once (Robbin, 1996). Kawaguchi''s first Pantadome was built in Kobe in 1985. He also designed the Barcelona Pantadome (Figure 3.34) in cooperation with architect Arata Isozaki, which was at first preassembled and then raised with jacks and temporary support towers. Tensile structures may be two dimensional (suspension bridges, cable-stayed beams or trusses, cable trusses), three dimensional (cable domes, truss systems), or membranes (pneu-matically stressed surfaces, prestressed surfaces).

 

Structural design must deal with specific risks related to thin, tensile structures: non-linearity, wind uplift, buckling, stiffness, horizontal instability, temperature conditions, boundary conditions,erection methods.

 

 

Figure 3.34 .Palau Sant Jordi, Pantadome, Barcelona, Spain, design: Mamoru Kawaguchi and Arata Isozaki. The space frame was built in the arena floor bowl, then raised with jacks and temporary support towers; in total 12 000 parts, specified with only 40 Formex expressions.

 

 

译文:

3.3.3空间结构

 

空间桁架的发展引发了桁架体系节点的具体的类型的创造和应用：MERO, Unistrut, Triodetic, Moduspan, Harley Mai Sky, Catrus, Pyramitec, Nodus 等等。事实上MERO体系是早期空间体系中的一个，它是由Max Mengering-hausen.博士于德国20世界40年代最先介绍使用的。直到今天它在使用中保持最受欢迎的之一。它由预制管材及被拧紧进锻造的钢连接器组成，即所谓的MERO球。共有18种部件组成的这一体系没有任何偏心。

 

这些体系中的两个基本类型是小骨架网和桶型地下室的曲线的形式，它们都可支撑圆屋顶。在骨架网内，双层格栅里两根平行的小格栅被倾斜的腹杆桁架相互连接。这种格栅可能直接埋设在彼此上方相互连接(直接连接)或者是相互补偿(补偿格栅). 这些基本的关系导致体系的不同的几何作用。 薄片圆屋顶和地下室由连结之间的钢或者铝单位组成。重要的富有创新精神的一步是Buckminster Fuller发明的前面已经提到过的网格球顶。

 

空间体系主要使用圆形或者管状部件，他们的节点可能是被描述为固体或者空的球形的节点， 圆柱体，棱柱，盘子或者非节点。.这些系统大多数为双层次, 酒吧最底层由直线或相互垂直的倾向,同样线性的部件组成。单层空间格栅的酒吧通常被确定在一个曲面上位置。一种最近提出的从''nexors''收集的新型空间格栅叫''nexorade''。 Nexors有4 间酒吧(最终脚手架管)被在4 个连接点连结，2个在末端，2个在中间，通过转体偶合器(Baverel et al.，2000)连接安装。 各种各样的空间栅格为创造丰富的启发不同的结构包括圆顶、穹顶和不规则的结构提供了必需条件, 因此, 它是建筑设计的一个重要角色。圆顶和穹顶结构的空间桁架组装形式具有多种。世界最大的hypar-tensegrity乔治亚圆顶(结构设计师: Mathys Levy与他的同事在Weidlinger Associates合作, 1992) 它具有先进的结构计划(参见图1.15) 。它的钢缆在两个平面里做成菱形体型。

 

 

可部署的结构使临时脚手架不必要。Mamoru Kawaguchi 设计了Pantadome 体系使用一系列的铰链以便完整圆顶可能同时被上升(Robbin 1996) 。1985 年Kawaguchi 的第一个Pantadome 体系被修造在神户。在与建筑师Arata Isozaki 合作下,他并且设计了巴塞罗那Pantadome 体系(图3.34)，该体系是先预装配，然后用起重器和临时支持塔吊装上升。拉伸结构也许是二维的(吊桥、斜拉桥，横梁或桁架, 钢桁架), 三维的(缆绳圆顶, 桁架体系), 或膜状物(气动压力的表面, 预应力的表面) 。

 

结构设计必须处理好具体风险, 拉伸结构有关: 非线形性, 增加风、反手、不自然、水平的不稳定、温度条件、边界条件、装配方法.

 

图3.34 Palau Sant Jordi, Pantadome, 巴塞罗那, 西班牙, 设计: Mamoru Kawaguchi 和Arata Isozaki 。空间框架先被建立在竞技场圆形地面上, 然后用起重器和临时支持塔上升; 总共12 000 部件, 仅以40 个Formex 指定表示。

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                      翻译：XXX

2010年4月31日

摘自《New architecture and Technology》第85、86页