信用证欺诈和欺诈例外原则的权衡研究

论文编号:GM002   论文字数:13963,页数:17

摘   要

     信用证是最常见的国际贸易结算方式,信用证在我国对外经济贸易中的作用日益重要。但是由于银行在信用证结汇中只对单证作表面的审查,而不审查货物,就使得一些不法商人有机可乘,利用信用证的这一独立性的特性进行诈骗活动。针对这种情况,信用证欺诈例外原则应运而生,但该原则的适用必须要受到一定程度的限制,否则信用证的结算机制就会被腐蚀，就会忽视对善意第三人的合法权益的保护，所以有必要引入欺诈例外原则的豁免适用问题。
本文第一部分信用证综述，介绍了信用证的定义、特点及其重要性；第二部分主要介绍由于信用证交易机制的特点而导致的信用证欺诈，主要从信用证欺诈的概念及其出现的原因进行论述；第三部分信用证欺诈例外原则，主要从引入欺诈例外的原因、欺诈例外的适用条件以及具体案例进行介绍欺诈例外原则；最后一部分欺诈例外原则的豁免，主要从原因和适用条件进行论述。

【关键词】 信用证的独立性   信用证欺诈   欺诈例外   例外的豁免

Abstract

The letter of credit is the most important payment term in the international trade and playing more and more important part in our foreign trade. However, because the bank just concerns the identity of the documents on the face not the actual goods, lawbreaking merchants use the independent character of the L/C to defraud. Fraud exception principle comes into being in the circumstances. And the application of the fraud exception principle is to be restricted to a certain degree, otherwise, the mechanism of the L/C may be corroded and the legal rights of the bona fide third party may be ignored, therefore, it is necessary to introduce the exemption of the fraud exception principle. 
The first part summarizes of the L/C, mainly introduces the definition, the characteristics and the significance of the L/C; the second part mainly discusses the L/C fraud due to the characteristics of the L/C, including the idea and the reason of the L/C fraud; the third part emphasizes on the fraud exception, mainly expounds the reason of drawing into the fraud exception, the terms of applying to the fraud exception and the specific examples in order to introduce the fraud exception further; the last part dwells on the exemption of the fraud exception, mainly discusses the reason and condition of applying to the exemption of the fraud exception.

【Key Words】The Independent Character of the L/C;  L/C Fraud; Fraud Exception; Exemption of the Fraud Exception

目   录

1.信用证概述 .................................2
1.1 信用证的定义 .............................2
1.2 信用证的特点 .............................3
1.3 信用证独立抽象原则的重要性 ...............4
2.信用证欺诈 .................................7
2.1信用证欺诈的概念 ..........................7
2.2 信用证欺诈出现的原因..................... 8
3．信用证欺诈例外原则 ........................10
3.1 欺诈例外原则的原因....................... 10
3.2 信用证欺诈例外原则的适用条件............. 11
3.3 从具体案例中看信用证欺诈例外............. 12
4．欺诈例外原则的豁免适用.................... 14
4.1 例外原则豁免适用的成因 ...................14
4.2 欺诈例外豁免适用的条件 ...................15
参考文献..................................... 16
致  谢 .......................................17