论文编号:ZD151 论文字数:16190,页数:37
摘 要
本设计介绍了一种新型的热量计，该热量计是基于MCS-51单片机，主要由流量传感器、温度传感器、单片机三部分组成。温度信号测量电路是热量计的测温部分，它由三端稳压器(MC7805),温度传感器(Cu100)、差动放大器(AD620)和A/D转换器(AD1674)组成。流量测量的原理大致可分为两类，即直接测量流量的方式和先求流速再通过流速乘以横截面积来求流量等方式。单片机MCS-51为主组成的基本模块是该系统的核心部分，主要完成对系统采集到的信号进行相关的处理，协调其他模块，使整个系统步调一致的工作。基于以上元件，设计一套用于计量热量的智能低功耗热量计系统。尽量使系统的电流消耗达到最小，并且参数能够通过LED数码管显示出来。本设计详细阐述了热量计的硬件和软件设计，成功的设计一套用MCS-51控制的智能热量计。本热量计是内嵌微处理器的智能化测量仪表，与传统的机械式仪表相比具有结构简单、安全可靠、实时性好、灵敏度高；操作简便，用户通过一个按键就可以查询所有数据和信息，并在LED上显示出来，结果直观。和传统仪表相比成本大大降低，而且抗干扰性好、安装维护方便、测量精度高，具有较高的性价格比。
关键词：热量计；单片机；流量计；温度传感器；流量传感器
Calorimeter''s hardware circuit design
Abstract
This design introduced one kind of new calorimeter. this calorimeter is based on the MCS-51 monolithic integrated circuit. mainly by the flow sensor, the temperature sensor, the monolithic integrated circuit three parts is composed. The temperature signal measurement electric circuit is calorimeter''s temperature measurement part, it by three end manostats (MC7806), the temperature sensor (Cu100), differentiator amplifier (AD620) and a/D switch (AD1674) is composed. Flow measurement''s principle may divide into two kinds approximately, namely the direct measurement current capacity''s way and asks the speed of flow to be multiplied by the plan area first through the speed of flow to ask ways again and so on current capacity. Monolithic integrated circuit MCS-51 composes primarily the basic module is this system''s hard core, mainly completes the signal which gathers to the system to carry on related processing, is coordinated other modules, causes work which the overall system marches in step. Based on the above part, designs a set to use in measuring the thermal intelligent low power loss calorimeter system. Enables system''s current consumption to achieve as far as possible is smallest, and the parameter can demonstrate through the LED nixietube. As soon as this design elaborated calorimeter''s hardware and the software design in detail, the success design applies mechanically the MCS-51 control the intelligent calorimeter. This calorimeter is in inlays microprocessor''s intellectualization measuring instrument, compares with the traditional mechanical measuring appliance has the structure simply, safe reliable, timeliness to be good, the sensitivity is high; The power loss is low, overall system''s dynamic power loss only then about 50uA, about static power loss only luA, only then above people''s good guarantee use battery power supply 5 years; Operates easily, the user may inquire all data and the information through a pressed key, and on LED demonstrated that the result is direct-viewing. Compares the cost with the traditional measuring appliance to reduce greatly, moreover the anti-jamming good, installs the maintenance to be convenient, the measuring accuracy is high, has the high performance/price ratio.
Keywords:; Calorimeter; Monolithic integrated circuit; Flowmeter; Temperature sensor; Flow senso
目 录
1绪 论 1
1.1 我国供热现状 1
1.2 发达国家热计量收费的概况 2
1.3 开发热量计的现实意义和应用前景 2
1.4 供热计量的合理方式 3
1.5 本设计研究内容和目标 4
2 热量计的硬件电路设计 5
2.1热量计量系统框图 5
2.2 热量计计热原理 6
2.3 热量计硬件原理框图 7
2.4 信号处理部分 8
2.4.1 单片机系统结构 8
2.4.2 单片机外围电路设计 10
2.5 温度信号测量 11
2.5.1 热量计测量部分 11
2.5.2 差动放大器 13
2.5.3 A/D转换器与89C51的连接图 14
2.5.4 温度测量电路 16
2.6 流量信号测量 16
2.6.1 流量的概念 16
2.6.2 流量测量原理 17
2.6.3 流量测量的设计 17
2.6.4 流量测量电路 19
2.7 显示部分设计 19
2.8 本章小结 20
3热量计软件设计 22
3.1 编程语言介绍 22
3.2初始化主程序 22
3.3 温度测量子程序流程设计 23
3.4流量测量子程序流程设计 23
3.5热量计量子程序流程设计 25
3.6按键子程序流程设计 26
3.7显示子程序流程设计 26
3.8 本章小结 27
结论 29
致 谢 30
参考文献 31
