十六大中英文对照

十六大报告中英文对照江泽民同志在党的十六大上所作报告全文（2002/11/17）
Full text of Jiang Zemin's Report at 16th Party Congress on Nov 8, 2002 全面建设小康社会，开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面
Build a Well-off Society in an All-Round Way and Create a New Situation in Building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
同志们：
Comrades,
现在，我代表第十五届中央委员会向大会作报告。
Now I would like to make a report to the congress on behalf of the Fifteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). 中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会，是我们党在新世纪召开的第一次代表大会，也是我们党在开始实施社会主义现代化建设第三步战略部署的新形势下召开的一次十分重要的代表大会。 The Sixteenth National Congress of the CPC is the first of its kind held by our Party in the new century. It is a very important congress convened by our Party in the new situation in which we have begun to take the third step of the strategic plan for socialist modernization. 大会的主题是：高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，继往开来，与时俱进，全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化，为开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面而奋斗。
The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, fully act on the important thought of Three Represents, carry forward our cause into the future, keep pace with the times, build a well-off society in an all-round way, speed up socialist modernization and work hard to create a new situation in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. 当人类社会跨入二十一世纪的时候，我国进入全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的新的发展阶段。国际局势正在发生深刻变化。世界多极化和经济全球化的趋势在曲折中发展，科技进步日新月异，综合国力竞争日趋激烈。形势逼人，不进则退。我们党必须坚定地站在时代潮流的前头，团结和带领全国各族人民，实现推进现代化建设、完成祖国统一、维护世界和平与促进共同发展这三大历史任务，在中国特色社会主义道路上实现中华民族的伟大复兴。这是历史和时代赋予我们党的庄严使命。
As human society entered the 21st century, we started a new phase of development for building a well-off society in an all-round way and speeding up socialist modernization. The international situation is undergoing profound changes. The trends toward world multipolarization and economic globalization are developing amidst twists and turns. Science and technology are advancing rapidly. Competition in overall national strength is becoming increasingly fierce. Given this pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will fall behind. Our Party must stand firm in the forefront of the times and unite with and lead the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in accomplishing the three major historical tasks: to propel the modernization drive, to achieve national reunification and to safeguard world peace and promote common development, and in bringing about the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on its road to socialism with Chinese characteristics. This is a grand mission history and the era have entrusted to our Party. 　　一、过去五年的工作和十三年的基本经验
I. Work of the Past Five Years and Basic Experience of 13 Years 十五大以来的五年，是我们高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜不断开拓创新的五年，是我们经受住各种困难和风险的考验、继续沿着中国特色社会主义道路胜利前进的五年。
The five years since the Fifteenth National Congress of the CPC have been a period in which we have held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and kept blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit, and a period in which we have continued to forge ahead triumphantly on the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics in spite of difficulties and risks. 十五大确立邓小平理论为党的指导思想，提出党在社会主义初级阶段的基本纲领，明确了我国跨世纪发展的奋斗目标和任务。为贯彻十五大精神，中央先后召开七次全会，分别就农业和农村工作、国有企业改革和发展、制定“十五”计划、加强和改进党的作风建设等重大问题，作出决定和部署。五年来，我们走过了很不平凡的历程，在改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军各方面都取得了巨大成就。
At the Fifteenth National Congress, Deng Xiaoping Theory was established as the Party's guiding ideology, the Party's basic program for the primary stage of socialism was put forward, and the objectives and tasks for China's cross-century development were specified. Acting in the spirit of the congress, the Central Committee held seven plenary sessions at which it made decisions and plans on such major issues as agriculture and rural work, the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, the formulation of the Tenth Five-Year Plan (2001-2005) and the improvement of the Party's work style. Over the past five years, we have traversed an extraordinary course and scored tremendous achievements in reform, development and stability, domestic and foreign affairs and national defense and in running the Party, state and army. 国民经济持续快速健康发展。实施扩大内需的方针，适时采取积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，克服亚洲金融危机和世界经济波动对我国的不利影响，保持了经济较快增长。经济结构战略性调整取得成效，农业的基础地位继续加强，传统产业得到提升，高新技术产业和现代服务业加速发展。建设了一大批水利、交通、通信、能源和环保等基础设施工程。西部大开发取得重要进展。经济效益进一步提高，财政收入不断增长。“九五”计划胜利完成，“十五”计划开局良好。
The national economy has maintained a sustained, rapid and sound development. By pursuing the principle of stimulating domestic demand and adopting the proactive fiscal policy and the sound monetary policy in good time, we overcame the adverse effects the Asian financial crisis and world economic fluctuations had on China, and maintained a relatively rapid economic growth. The strategic adjustment of the economic structure has been crowned with success. The position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy has been strengthened. Traditional industries have been upgraded. High and new technology industries and modern services have gained speed. A large number of infrastructure projects in such areas as water conservancy, transportation, telecommunications, energy and environmental protection have been completed. Significant headway has been made in the large-scale development of China's western region. Economic returns have further improved. National revenue has kept growing. The Ninth Five-Year Plan (1996-2000) was fulfilled and the Tenth Five-Year Plan has seen a good start. Reform and opening up have yielded substantial 改革开放取得丰硕成果。社会主义市场经济体制初步建立。公有制经济进一步壮大，国有企业改革稳步推进。个体、私营等非公有制经济较快发展。市场体系建设全面展开，宏观调控体系不断完善，政府职能转变步伐加快。财税、金融、流通、住房和政府机构等改革继续深化。开放型经济迅速发展，商品和服务贸易、资本流动规模显著扩大。国家外汇储备大幅度增加。我国加入世贸组织，对外开放进入新阶段。
Reform and opening up have yielded substantial results. The socialist market economy has taken shape initially. The public sector of the economy has expanded and steady progress has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises. Self-employed or private enterprises and other non-public sectors of the economy have developed fairly fast. The work of building up the market system has been in full swing. The macro-control system has improved constantly. The pace of change in government functions has been quickened. Reform in finance, taxation, banking, distribution, housing, government institutions and other areas has continued to deepen. The open economy has developed swiftly. Trade in commodities and services and capital flow have grown markedly. China's foreign exchange reserves have risen considerably. With its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China has entered a new stage in its opening up. 社会主义民主政治和精神文明建设成效显著。民主法制建设继续推进，政治体制改革迈出新步伐。爱国统一战线发展壮大，民族、宗教和侨务工作取得新进展。社会治安综合治理取得新成效。科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育和计划生育等事业全面进步。宣传舆论工作和思想道德建设不断加强，群众精神文化生活日益丰富。
Notable progress has been registered in improving socialist democracy and spiritual civilization. Continued efforts have been made to improve democracy and the legal system. New steps have been taken in political restructuring. The patriotic united front has grown stronger. Further progress has been made in the work relating to ethnic, religious and overseas Chinese affairs. Fresh progress has been made in keeping public order through comprehensive measures. Science, technology, education, culture, health, sports, family planning and other undertakings have moved ahead. The media and publicity work as well as ideological and moral education have kept improving. The people's cultural life has become increasingly rich and colorful. 国防和军队建设迈出新步伐。人民解放军的革命化现代化正规化建设继续加强，国防实力和军队防卫作战能力进一步提高。军队、武警和民兵在保卫和建设祖国中发挥了重要作用。
New strides have been taken in strengthening national defense and army building. Efforts have been redoubled to make the People's Liberation Army more revolutionary, modernized and regularized. Our national defense capabilities and the army's defense and combat effectiveness have further improved. The army, the armed police and the militia have played an important role in defending and building up our motherland. 人民生活总体上达到小康水平。城乡居民收入稳步增长。城乡市场繁荣，商品供应充裕，居民生活质量提高，衣食住用行都有较大改善。社会保障体系建设成效明显。“八七”扶贫攻坚计划基本完成。
On the whole, the people have reached a well-off standard of living. The income of urban and rural residents has gone up steadily. The urban and rural markets have been brisk, and there has been an ample supply of goods. The quality of life of the residents has been on the rise, with considerable improvement in food, clothing, housing, transport and daily necessities. There has been marked progress in building the social security system. The seven-year program to help 80 million people out of poverty has been in the main fulfilled. 祖国统一大业取得新进展。我国政府恢复对澳门行使主权。坚持贯彻“一国两制”方针，严格执行香港特别行政区基本法和澳门特别行政区基本法，香港和澳门社会经济稳定。海峡两岸人员往来和经济文化交流不断加强。反对“台独”等各种分裂图谋的斗争深入开展。
Fresh progress has been made in the great cause of national reunification. The Chinese Government has resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macao. The principle of "one country, two systems" has been implemented and the basic laws of Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions have been carried out to the letter. Hong Kong and Macao enjoy social and economic stability. Personnel, economic and cultural exchanges across the Taiwan Straits have kept increasing. The fight against "Taiwan independence" and other attempts to split the country has been going on in depth. 对外工作开创新局面。根据国际形势的发展变化，坚持正确的对外方针和政策，广泛开展双边和多边外交，积极参与国际交流和合作，我国的国际地位进一步提高。
New prospects have been opened up in our external work. In light of the developments and changes in the international situation, we have adhered to the correct foreign policy and related principles. We have carried out both bilateral and multilateral diplomatic activities extensively and taken an active part in international exchanges and cooperation. China's international standing has risen still further. 党的建设全面加强。全党对邓小平理论的学习不断深入。我们提出并深刻阐述了“三个代表”重要思想。“三讲”集中教育和“三个代表”学习教育活动卓有成效。党的思想、组织、作风建设全面推进，思想政治工作得到加强。干部制度改革迈出新步伐。廉政建设和反腐败斗争深入开展，取得新的明显成效。
Party building has been strengthened in an all-round way. All the Party members have steadily intensified their study of Deng Xiaoping Theory. We have put forward and expounded the important thought of Three Represents. Good results have been produced in the intensive education in the need to stress study, political awareness and integrity and in the study of the "Three Represents". An all-out endeavor has been made to build up the Party ideologically, organizationally and in work style. Our ideological and political work has been strengthened. New steps have been taken in the reform of the personnel system. The endeavor to build a clean and honest government and combat171

十六大中英文对照corruption has been going on in depth and yielding fresh notable results. 实践证明，十五大和十五大以来中央作出的各项重大决策是正确的，符合最广大人民的根本利益。我们取得的成就，是全党和全国各族人民共同奋斗的结果，为今后党和国家事业的发展奠定了更加坚实的基础。
Facts prove that the major policy decisions taken by the Central Committee at and since the Fifteenth National Congress are correct and accord with the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. Our achievements are the outcome of the united endeavor of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups of the country. They provide a more solid foundation for the future development of the cause of the Party and state. 必须清醒地看到，我们工作中还有不少困难和问题。农民和城镇部分居民收入增长缓慢，失业人员增多，有些群众的生活还很困难；收入分配关系尚未理顺；市场经济秩序有待继续整顿和规范；有些地方社会治安状况不好；一些党员领导干部的形式主义、官僚主义作风和弄虚作假、铺张浪费行为相当严重，有些腐败现象仍然突出；党的领导方式和执政方式与新形势新任务的要求还不完全适应，有的党组织软弱涣散。我们必须高度重视存在的问题，继续采取有力措施加以解决。
We must be clearly aware that there are still quite a few difficulties and problems in our work. The income of farmers and some urban residents has increased only slowly. The number of the unemployed has gone up. Some people are still badly off. Things have yet to be straightened out in the matter of income distribution. The order of the market economy has to be further rectified and standardized. Public order is poor in some places. Formalism, the bureaucratic style of work, falsification, extravagance and waste are still serious problems among some leading cadres in our Party, and corruption is still conspicuous in some places. The Party's way of leadership and governance does not yet entirely meet the requirements of the new situation and new tasks. Some Party organizations are feeble and lax. We must pay close attention to these problems and continue to take effective measures to solve them. 五年来的成就，是在改革开放特别是一九八九年十三届四中全会以来的实践基础上取得的。这十三年来，国际局势风云变幻，我国改革开放和现代化建设的进程波澜壮阔。二十世纪八十年代末九十年代初，国内发生严重政治风波，东欧剧变、苏联解体，世界社会主义出现严重曲折，我国社会主义事业的发展面临空前巨大的困难和压力。在这个决定党和国家前途命运的重大历史关头，党中央紧紧依靠全党同志和全国各族人民，坚持十一届三中全会以来的路线不动摇，成功地稳住了改革和发展的大局，捍卫了中国特色社会主义伟大事业。邓小平同志南方谈话以后，十四大确立社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标，改革开放和现代化建设进入新的阶段。在社会主义条件下发展市场经济，是前无古人的伟大创举，是中国共产党人对马克思主义发展作出的历史性贡献，体现了我们党坚持理论创新、与时俱进的巨大勇气。由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制的转变，实现了改革开放新的历史性突破，打开了我国经济、政治和文化发展的崭新局面。邓小平同志逝世后，我们高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，开拓进取，把中国特色社会主义事业全面推向二十一世纪。
Our achievements over the past five years have been scored through reform and opening up, especially through our practice since the Fourth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee in 1989. These 13 years have witnessed a highly volatile international situation and a magnificent upsurge of China's reform, opening up and modernization. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, there occurred serious political disturbances in China, drastic changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Socialism in the world suffered serious setbacks. China was faced with unprecedented difficulties and pressure in its efforts to develop the socialist cause. At this crucial historical juncture bearing on the destiny of the Party and state, the Party Central Committee relied firmly on all the comrades in the Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups and unswervingly adhered to the line prevailing since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, and thus successfully brought the overall situation of reform and development under control and safeguarded the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. After Comrade Deng Xiaoping made remarks on his tour of the South, the Fourteenth National Congress decided to establish a socialist market economy as the goal of reform, thus ushering in a new stage for reform, opening up and the modernization drive. To develop a market economy under socialism is a great pioneering undertaking never tried before in history. It is a historic contribution of the Chinese Communists to the development of Marxism. It has given expression to our Party's tremendous courage to persist in making theoretical innovation and keeping pace with the times. The shift from the planned economy to the socialist market economy represented a new historic breakthrough in reform and opening up and brought about entirely new prospects for China's economic, political and cultural progress. After the demise of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, we held high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and made pioneering efforts to advance the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century in an all-round way. 十三年来，我们思想统一，目标明确，工作扎实，取得了重大的历史性成就。二００一年，我国国内生产总值达到九万五千九百三十三亿元，比一九八九年增长近两倍，年均增长百分之九点三，经济总量已居世界第六位。人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。人们公认，这十三年是我国综合国力大幅度跃升、人民得到实惠最多的时期，是我国社会长期保持安定团结、政通人和的时期，是我国国际影响显著扩大、民族凝聚力极大增强的时期。我们党和我国人民作出的艰辛努力和取得的伟大成就举世瞩目，必将载入中华民族伟大复兴的光辉史册。
Over the past 13 years, with clearly defined objectives, we worked with one heart and one mind and scored historic achievements. In 2001, China's GDP reached 9.5933 trillion yuan, almost tripling that of 1989, representing an average annual increase of 9.3 percent. China came up to the sixth place in the world in terms of economic aggregate. On the whole, the people made a historic leap from having only adequate food and clothing to leading a well-off life. As is universally recognized, the 13 years have been a period in which China's overall national strength has risen by a big margin, the people have received more tangible benefits than ever before, and China has enjoyed long-term social stability and solidarity and had a good government and a united people. China's influence in the world has grown notably, and the cohesion of the nation has increased remarkably. The hard work of our Party and people and their great achievements have attracted worldwide attention and will surely go down as a glorious page in the annals of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 回首这十三年，我们走过的道路很不平坦，成绩来之不易。我们从容应对一系列关系我国主权和安全的国际突发事件，战胜在政治、经济领域和自然界出现的困难和风险，经受住一次又一次考验，排除各种干扰，保证了改革开放和现代化建设的航船始终沿着正确的方向破浪前进。我们能取得这样的胜利，靠的是党的基本理论、基本路线和基本纲领的正确指引，靠的是党的高度团结统一，靠的是全党和全国各族人民的顽强奋斗。
A review of these 13 years shows that we have traversed a tortuous course and that our achievements are hard won. We have responded confidently to a series of unexpected international events bearing on China's sovereignty and security. We have surmounted difficulties and risks arising from the political and economic spheres and from nature. We have gone through one trial after another and removed all kinds of obstacles, thus ensuring that our reform, opening up and modernization drive have been forging ahead in the correct direction like a ship braving surging waves. We have attained these successes by relying on the correct guidance of the Party's basic theory, line and program, on the high degree of unity and solidarity of the Party and on the tenacious work of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups around the country. 在这里，我代表中共中央，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界爱国人士，向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞和台湾同胞以及广大侨胞，向一切关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国朋友，表示衷心的感谢！
Here, on behalf of the CPC Central Committee, I wish to express our heartfelt thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations and patriots from all walks of life, to our compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese, and to our foreign friends who care about and support China's modernization drive! 十三年来的实践，加深了我们对什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义，建设什么样的党、怎样建设党的认识，积累了十分宝贵的经验。
The practice of the 13 years has helped us acquire a deeper understanding of what socialism is, how to build it, and what kind of Party to build and how to build it, and we have gained most valuable experience in this regard. （一）坚持以邓小平理论为指导，不断推进理论创新。邓小平理论是我们的旗帜，党的基本路线和基本纲领是各项工作的根本指针。无论遇到什么困难和风险，都必须坚持党的基本理论、基本路线和基本纲领不动摇。坚持用马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论武装全党、教育人民，不断解放思想、实事求是，与时俱进、开拓创新，尊重群众的首创精神，通过实践来检验和发展党的理论和路线方针政策。
1. Uphold Deng Xiaoping Theory as our guide and constantly bring forth theoretical innovation. Deng Xiaoping Theory is our banner, and the Party's basic line and program are the fundamental guidelines for every field of our work. Whatever difficulties and risks we may come up against, we must unswervingly abide by the Party's basic theory, line and program. We should persist in arming the entire Party membership with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory and using them to educate our people. We should continue to emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times and make innovations in a pioneering spirit. We should respect the creativity of the general public and test and develop the Party's theory, line, principles and policies in practice. （二）坚持以经济建设为中心，用发展的办法解决前进中的问题。发展是硬道理。必须抓住一切机遇加快发展。发展要有新思路。坚持扩大内需的方针，实施科教兴国和可持续发展战略，实现速度和结构、质量、效益相统一，经济发展和人口、资源、环境相协调。在经济发展的基础上，促进社会全面进步，不断提高人民生活水平，保证人民共享发展成果。
2. Keep economic development as the central task and solve problems cropping up on our way forward through development. Development is the fundamental principle. We must seize all opportunities to accelerate development. Development calls for new ideas. We should stick to the principle of expanding domestic demand and implement the strategy of national rejuvenation through science and education and that of sustainable development. While seeking speed, we should pay attention to structure, quality and efficiency, and while propelling economic development, we should take into consideration population, resources and the environment. On the basis of economic growth, we need to promote all-round social progress, constantly better people's lives and ensure that all the people share the fruits of development. （三）坚持改革开放，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制。改革开放是强国之路。必须坚定不移地推进各方面改革。改革要从实际出发，整体推进，重点突破，循序渐进，注重制度建设和创新。坚持社会主义市场经济的改革方向，使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础性作用。坚持“引进来”和“走出去”相结合，积极参与国际经济技术合作和竞争，不断提高对外开放水平。
3. Persevere in reform and opening up and keep improving the socialist market economy. Reform and opening up are ways to make China powerful. We must press ahead with the reform in all areas resolutely. The reform must be promoted realistically, comprehensively and progressively with breakthroughs made in key areas and emphasis placed on institutional improvement and innovation. We should follow the orientation of reform toward the socialist market economy and make sure that the market forces play an essential role in the allocation of resources under the state's macroeconomic control. By both "bringing in" and "going out", we should actively participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition and open wider to the outside world. （四）坚持四项基本原则，发展社会主义民主政治。四项基本原则是立国之本。坚持中国共产党的领导，巩固和完善人民民主专政的国体和人民代表大会制度的政体，坚持和完善共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度以及民族区域自治制度。推进政治体制改革，发展民主，健全法制，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家，保证人民行使当家作主的权利。
4. Adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles (*Note 1) and develop socialist democracy. The Four Cardinal Principles are the very foundation on which we build our country. We must uphold leadership by the CPC and consolidate and improve the state system-a people's democratic dictatorship and the system of political power - the people's congresses. We should uphold and improve the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party and the system of regional ethnic autonomy. We should promote political restructuring, develop democracy, improve the legal system, rule the country by law, build a socialist state under the rule of law and ensure that the people exercise their rights as the masters of the country. （五）坚持物质文明和精神文明两手抓，实行依法治国和以德治国相结合。社会主义精神文明是中国特色社会主义的重要特征。必须立足中国现实，继承民族文化优秀传统，吸取外国文化有益成果，建设社会主义精神文明，不断提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质，为现代化建设提供强大的精神动力和智力支持。
5. Attach equal importance to both material and spiritual civilization and run the country by combining the rule of law with the rule of virtue. Socialist spiritual civilization is an important attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Basing ourselves on China's realities, we must carry forward the fine tradition of our national culture and absorb the achievements of foreign cultures in building socialist spiritual civilization. We should unceasingly upgrade the ideological and ethical standards as well as the scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people so as to provide a strong motivation and intellectual support for the modernization drive

十六大报告（六）坚持稳定压倒一切的方针，正确处理改革发展稳定的关系。稳定是改革和发展的前提。要把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受的程度统一起来，把不断改善人民生活作为处理改革发展稳定关系的重要结合点，在社会稳定中推进改革发展，通过改革发展促进社会稳定。
6. Ensure stability as a principle of overriding importance and balance reform, development and stability. Stability is a prerequisite for reform and development. We should take into full consideration the momentum of reform, the speed of development and the sustainability of the general public. Continued improvement of people's lives must be regarded as an important link in balancing reform, development and stability. We should press ahead with reform and development amidst social stability and promote social stability through reform and development. （七）坚持党对军队的绝对领导，走中国特色的精兵之路。人民军队是人民民主专政的坚强柱石。按照政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力的总要求，着眼于打得赢、不变质，注重科技强军，全面推进革命化现代化正规化建设，确保军队永远忠于党，忠于社会主义，忠于祖国，忠于人民。
7. Persevere in the Party's absolute leadership over the army and take the road of fewer but better troops with Chinese characteristics. The people's army is a staunch pillar of the people's democratic dictatorship. It should meet the general requirements of being qualified politically and competent militarily and having a fine style of work, strict discipline and adequate logistic support, with a view to enabling itself to win battles and never degenerate, paying attention to strengthening itself through science and technology and building itself into a more revolutionary, modernized and regularized army. We must ensure that the army is forever loyal to the Party, socialism, the motherland and the people. （八）坚持团结一切可以团结的力量，不断增强中华民族的凝聚力。高举爱国主义、社会主义的旗帜，加强全国各族人民的大团结，巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线。加强同民主党派和无党派人士的团结，做好民族工作、宗教工作和侨务工作，坚持“一国两制”方针，调动一切积极因素，为完成祖国统一大业和实现中华民族的伟大复兴而共同奋斗。
8. Continue to unite with all forces that can be united with and increase the cohesion of the Chinese nation. We should hold high the banners of patriotism and socialism, strengthen the great solidarity of the people of all ethnic groups, and consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front. We need to strengthen our solidarity with the democratic parties and personages without party affiliation. We should handle well the work relating to ethnic minorities, religions and overseas Chinese. We should adhere to the principle of "one country, two systems" and bring into full play every positive factor in a common endeavor to accomplish the grand cause of national reunification and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. （九）坚持独立自主的和平外交政策，维护世界和平与促进共同发展。始终把国家的主权和安全放在第一位。在和平共处五项原则的基础上，同各国发展友好合作关系，反对霸权主义和强权政治，推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序。按照冷静观察、沉着应对的方针和相互尊重、求同存异的精神处理国际事务，尊重世界多样性，促进国际关系民主化，争取和平的国际环境和良好的周边环境。
9. Pursue the independent foreign policy of peace, safeguard world peace and promote common development. We will, as always, attach paramount importance to our state sovereignty and security. We will develop friendly relations and cooperation with all other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. We will oppose hegemonism and power politics and promote the establishment of a fair and rational new international political and economic order. In handling international affairs, we should observe and cope with the situation cool-headedly, adhere to the principle of mutual respect and seek common ground while shelving differences. We need to respect the diversity of the world, promote democracy in international relations and strive for a peaceful international environment and a good climate in areas around China. （十）坚持加强和改善党的领导，全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程。治国必先治党，治党务必从严。坚持党的性质和宗旨，以改革的精神加强和改进党的建设，不断提高党的领导水平和执政水平，提高拒腐防变和抵御风险的能力，坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争，保持党同人民群众的血肉联系，保持党的先进性、纯洁性和团结统一。
10. Strengthen and improve the Party's leadership and propel the new great project of Party building. To run the state well, we must run the Party well first. To do this, we must be strict with the Party members. We must maintain the Party's nature and purposes, strengthen and improve Party building in the spirit of reform, enhance the Party's art of leadership and governance, increase its capability of fighting corruption and guarding against degeneration and risks and make unremitting efforts to combat corruption. The Party must keep its flesh-and-blood ties with the people as well as its progressiveness, purity, solidarity and unity. 以上十条，是党领导人民建设中国特色社会主义必须坚持的基本经验。这些经验，联系党成立以来的历史经验，归结起来就是，我们党必须始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。这是坚持和发展社会主义的必然要求，是我们党艰辛探索和伟大实践的必然结论。
The above-mentioned ten principles constitute the basic experience the Party must follow as it leads the people in building socialism with Chinese characteristics. This experience and the historical experience gained by the Party since its founding can be summarized as follows: Our Party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. They are the inexorable requirements for maintaining and developing socialism and the logical conclusion our Party has reached through hard exploration and great practice. 　　二、全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想
Implement the Important Thought of Three Represents in an All-Round Way 　　开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面，必须高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，坚持贯彻“三个代表”重要思想。“三个代表”重要思想是对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论的继承和发展，反映了当代世界和中国的发展变化对党和国家工作的新要求，是加强和改进党的建设、推进我国社会主义自我完善和发展的强大理论武器，是全党集体智慧的结晶，是党必须长期坚持的指导思想。始终做到“三个代表”，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源。
To open up new prospects for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and implement the important thought of Three Represents. As a continuation and development of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory, this important thought reflects new requirements for the work of the Party and state arising from the changes in China and other parts of the world today. It is a powerful theoretical weapon for strengthening and improving Party building and promoting self-improvement and development of socialism in China. It is the crystallization of the Party's collective wisdom and a guiding ideology the Party must follow for a long time to come. Persistent implementation of the "Three Represents" is the foundation for building our Party, the cornerstone for its governance and the source of its strength. “三个代表”重要思想，是在科学判断党的历史方位的基础上提出来的。我们党历经革命、建设和改革，已经从领导人民为夺取全国政权而奋斗的党，成为领导人民掌握全国政权并长期执政的党；已经从受到外部封锁和实行计划经济条件下领导国家建设的党，成为对外开放和发展社会主义市场经济条件下领导国家建设的党。我们必须从中国和世界的历史、现状和未来着眼，准确把握时代特点和党的任务，科学制定并正确执行党的路线方针政策，认真研究和解决推动中国社会进步和加强党的建设的问题，做到既不割断历史、又不迷失方向，既不落后于时代、又不超越阶段，使我们的事业不断从胜利走向胜利。
The important thought of Three Represents has been put forward on the basis of a scientific judgment of the Party's historical position. Having gone through the revolution, reconstruction and reform, our Party has evolved from a party that led the people in fighting for state power to a party that has led the people in exercising the power and has long remained in power. It has developed from a party that led national reconstruction under external blockade and a planned economy to a party that is leading national development while the country is opening to the outside world and developing a socialist market economy. Keeping in mind the past, present and future of China and other parts of the world, we must accurately comprehend the characteristics of the times and the Party's tasks, scientifically formulate and correctly implement the Party's line, principles and policies, and study and settle questions concerning the promotion of China's social progress and the improvement of Party building. We should neither approach questions out of their historical context nor lose our bearings, and we should neither fall behind the times nor skip the stages, so as to ensure that our cause will advance from victory to victory. 贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，关键在坚持与时俱进，核心在坚持党的先进性，本质在坚持执政为民。全党同志要牢牢把握这个根本要求，不断增强贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的自觉性和坚定性。
The implementation of the important thought of Three Represents is, in essence, to keep pace with the times, maintain the Party's progressiveness and exercise the state power in the interest of the people. All Party members must be keenly aware of this basic requirement and become more conscious and determined in implementing this important thought. （一）贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，必须使全党始终保持与时俱进的精神状态，不断开拓马克思主义理论发展的新境界。坚持党的思想路线，解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进，是我们党坚持先进性和增强创造力的决定性因素。与时俱进，就是党的全部理论和工作要体现时代性，把握规律性，富于创造性。能否始终做到这一点，决定着党和国家的前途命运。
1. To carry out the important thought of Three Represents, the whole Party must maintain the spirit of keeping pace with the times and blaze new trails for the development of the Marxist theory. Upholding the Party's ideological line, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times are decisive factors for our Party to retain its progressiveness and enhance its creativity. Keeping pace with the times means that all the theory and work of the Party must conform to the times, follow the law of development and display great creativity. Whether we can persist in doing this bears on the future and destiny of the Party and state. 创新是一个民族进步的灵魂，是一个国家兴旺发达的不竭动力，也是一个政党永葆生机的源泉。世界在变化，我国改革开放和现代化建设在前进，人民群众的伟大实践在发展，迫切要求我们党以马克思主义的理论勇气，总结实践的新经验，借鉴当代人类文明的有益成果，在理论上不断扩展新视野，作出新概括。只有这样，党的思想理论才能引导和鼓舞全党和全国人民把中国特色社会主义事业不断推向前进。实践基础上的理论创新是社会发展和变革的先导。通过理论创新推动制度创新、科技创新、文化创新以及其他各方面的创新，不断在实践中探索前进，永不自满，永不懈怠，这是我们要长期坚持的治党治国之道。
Innovation sustains the progress of a nation. It is an inexhaustible motive force for the prosperity of a country and the source of the eternal vitality of a political party. The world is changing, China's reform, opening up and modernization drive are advancing and our people's great practice is progressing. All this urgently requires our Party to sum up new experience from practice, draw on the achievements of modern human civilization, broaden its fields of vision in theory and come up with new theses with the courage of the theory of Marxism. Only thus can our Party's ideology and theory guide the whole Party and the entire people forward and inspire them to push ahead the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. Theoretical innovation based on practice precedes social development and changes. Bringing forth new ideas in institutions, science and technology, culture and other fields through theoretical innovation, exploring the way forward in practice, never becoming conceited and never slackening our effort - these are the ways of running the Party and state, which we should follow for a long time to come. 创新就要不断解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进。实践没有止境，创新也没有止境。我们要突破前人，后人也必然会突破我们。这是社会前进的必然规律。我们一定要适应实践的发展，以实践来检验一切，自觉地把思想认识从那些不合时宜的观念、做法和体制的束缚中解放出来，从对马克思主义的错误的和教条式的理解中解放出来，从主观主义和形而上学的桎梏中解放出来。要坚持马克思主义基本原理，又要谱写新的理论篇章，要发扬革命传统，又要创造新鲜经验。善于在解放思想中统一思想，用发展着的马克思主义指导新的实践。
Innovation requires emancipating our minds, seeking truth from facts and keeping pace with the times. There is no limit to practice nor to innovation. We will surpass our predecessors, and future generations will certainly surpass us. This is an inexorable law governing social advancement. We must adapt ourselves to the progress of practice and test all things in practice. We must conscientiously free our minds from the shackles of the outdated notions, practices and systems, from the erroneous and dogmatic interpretations of Marxism and from the fetters of subjectivism and metaphysics. While upholding the basic tenets of Marxism, we must add new chapters of theory to it. While carrying forward the revolutionary tradition, we must acquire new experience. We should be good at seeking unity in thinking through the emancipation of our minds and guiding our new practice with the developing Marxism. （二）贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，必须把发展作为党执政兴国的第一要务，不断开创现代化建设的新局面。马克思主义执政党必须高度重视解放和发展生产力。离开发展，坚持党的先进性、发挥社会主义制度的优越性和实现民富国强都无从谈起。党的先进性是具体的、历史的，必须放到推动当代中国先进生产力和先进文化的发展中去考察，放到维护和实现最广大人民根本利益的奋斗中去考察，归根到底要看党在推动历史前进

十六大报告2. To carry out the important thought of Three Represents, it is essential for the Party to give top priority to development in governing and rejuvenating the country and open up new prospects for the modernization drive. A Marxist ruling party must attach great importance to the liberation and development of the productive forces. Without development, it would be impossible to maintain the progressiveness of the Party, give play to the superiority of the socialist system and make the people rich and the country strong. The progressiveness of the Party is concrete and historical, and it must be judged by whether the Party promotes the development of the advanced productive forces and culture in present-day China and works to safeguard and realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. In the final analysis, it must be judged by the Party's role in propelling history forward. 我们党在中国这样一个经济文化落后的发展中大国领导人民进行现代化建设，能不能解决好发展问题，直接关系人心向背、事业兴衰。党要承担起推动中国社会进步的历史责任，必须始终紧紧抓住发展这个执政兴国的第一要务，把坚持党的先进性和发挥社会主义制度的优越性，落实到发展先进生产力、发展先进文化、实现最广大人民的根本利益上来，推动社会全面进步，促进人的全面发展。紧紧把握住这一点，就从根本上把握了人民的愿望，把握了社会主义现代化建设的本质，就能使“三个代表”重要思想不断落实，使党的执政地位不断巩固，使强国富民的要求不断得到实现。
In China, a large developing country with a backward economy and culture, where our Party is leading the people in the modernization drive, a good solution to the problem of development has a direct bearing on the trend of popular sentiment and the success of our cause. Shouldering the historical responsibility to propel the Chinese society, the Party must always keep a firm grip on development -- the top priority for its governance and rejuvenation of the country. It must maintain its progressiveness and give play to the superiority of the socialist system by developing the advanced productive forces and culture and realizing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, speeding up all-round social progress and promoting the all-round development of people. So long as the Party firmly grasps this point, it will have thoroughly understood the aspirations of the people and the essence of the socialist modernization drive, and thus it will be able to keep implementing the important thought of Three Represents and consolidating its position as the ruling party and meet the requirement of making the country strong and the people rich. 发展必须坚持以经济建设为中心，立足中国现实，顺应时代潮流，不断开拓促进先进生产力和先进文化发展的新途径。发展必须坚持和深化改革。一切妨碍发展的思想观念都要坚决冲破，一切束缚发展的做法和规定都要坚决改变，一切影响发展的体制弊端都要坚决革除。发展必须相信和依靠人民，人民是推动历史前进的动力。要集中全国人民的智慧和力量，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展。
Development requires that we always concentrate on economic growth, base ourselves on China's realities, conform to the trend of the times and continue to explore new ways to promote the progress of the advanced productive forces and culture. Development requires that we uphold and deepen the reform. It requires that we do away with all notions which hinder development, change all practices and regulations which impede it and get rid of all the drawbacks of the systems which adversely affect it. Development requires that we trust and rely on the people who are the motive force for pushing forward the advance of history. We will pool the wisdom and strength of the people of the whole country and concentrate on construction and development. （三）贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，必须最广泛最充分地调动一切积极因素，不断为中华民族的伟大复兴增添新力量。最大多数人的利益和全社会全民族的积极性创造性，对党和国家事业的发展始终是最具有决定性的因素。在我国社会深刻变革、党和国家事业快速发展的进程中，妥善处理各方面的利益关系，把一切积极因素充分调动和凝聚起来，至关紧要。
3. To carry out the important thought of Three Represents, it is essential to bring all positive factors into full play and bring new forces to the great cause of rejuvenating the Chinese nation. The interests of the overwhelming majority of the people and the initiative and creativity of the whole society and the entire nation are always the most decisive factors for advancing the cause of the Party and state. In the process of profound social changes in our country and the rapid development of the cause of the Party and state, it is vitally important to properly balance the interests of all quarters and fully mobilize and rally all positive factors. 随着改革开放的深入和经济文化的发展，我国工人阶级队伍不断壮大，素质不断提高。包括知识分子在内的工人阶级，广大农民，始终是推动我国先进生产力发展和社会全面进步的根本力量。在社会变革中出现的民营科技企业的创业人员和技术人员、受聘于外资企业的管理技术人员、个体户、私营企业主、中介组织的从业人员、自由职业人员等社会阶层，都是中国特色社会主义事业的建设者。对为祖国富强贡献力量的社会各阶层人们都要团结，对他们的创业精神都要鼓励，对他们的合法权益都要保护，对他们中的优秀分子都要表彰，努力形成全体人民各尽其能、各得其所而又和谐相处的局面。
With the deepening of reform and opening up and economic and cultural development, the working class in China has expanded steadily and its quality improved. The working class, with the intellectuals as part of it, and the farmers are always the basic forces for promoting the development of the advanced productive forces and all-round social progress in our country. Emerging in the process of social changes, entrepreneurs and technical personnel employed by non-public scientific and technological enterprises, managerial and technical staff employed by overseas-funded enterprises, the self-employed, private entrepreneurs, employees in intermediaries, free-lance professionals and members of other social strata are all builders of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should unite with the people of all social strata who help to make the motherland prosperous and strong, encouraging their pioneering spirit, protecting their legitimate rights and interests and commending the outstanding ones in an effort to create a situation in which all people are well positioned, do their best and live in harmony. 必须尊重劳动、尊重知识、尊重人才、尊重创造，这要作为党和国家的一项重大方针在全社会认真贯彻。要尊重和保护一切有益于人民和社会的劳动。不论是体力劳动还是脑力劳动，不论是简单劳动还是复杂劳动，一切为我国社会主义现代化建设作出贡献的劳动，都是光荣的，都应该得到承认和尊重。海内外各类投资者在我国建设中的创业活动都应该受到鼓励。一切合法的劳动收入和合法的非劳动收入，都应该得到保护。不能简单地把有没有财产、有多少财产当作判断人们政治上先进和落后的标准，而主要应该看他们的思想政治状况和现实表现，看他们的财产是怎么得来的以及对财产怎么支配和使用，看他们以自己的劳动对中国特色社会主义事业所作的贡献。要形成与社会主义初级阶段基本经济制度相适应的思想观念和创业机制，营造鼓励人们干事业、支持人们干成事业的社会氛围，放手让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理和资本的活力竞相迸发，让一切创造社会财富的源泉充分涌流，以造福于人民。
We must respect work, knowledge, competent people and creation. This should be an important policy of the Party and state to be conscientiously implemented in society at large. We need to respect and protect all work that is good for the people and society. All work that contributes to the socialist modernization drive in China, physical or mental and simple or complicated, is glorious and should be acknowledged and respected. All investors at home or from overseas should be encouraged to carry out business activities in China's development. All legitimate income, from work or not, should be protected. It is improper to judge whether people are politically progressive or backward simply by whether they own property or how much property they own. But rather, we should judge them mainly by their political awareness, state of mind and performance, by how they have acquired and used their property, and by how they have contributed to the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics through their work. It is necessary to foster notions and form a business mechanism inconformity with the basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism and create a social environment in which people are encouraged to achieve something and helped to make a success of their career, so as to unleash all the vitality contained in work, knowledge, technology, management and capital and give full play to all sources of social wealth for the benefit of the people. 在建设中国特色社会主义的进程中，全国人民的根本利益是一致的，各种具体的利益关系和内部矛盾可以在这个基础上进行调节。制定和贯彻党的方针政策，基本着眼点是要代表最广大人民的根本利益，正确反映和兼顾不同方面群众的利益，使全体人民朝着共同富裕的方向稳步前进。我们要保护发达地区、优势产业和通过辛勤劳动与合法经营先富起来人们的发展活力，鼓励他们积极创造社会财富，更要高度重视和关心欠发达地区以及比较困难的行业和群众，特别要使困难群众的基本生活得到保障，并积极帮助他们解决就业问题和改善生活条件，使他们切实感受到社会主义社会的温暖。
In building socialism with Chinese characteristics, the fundamental interests of the people of the whole country are identical, on the basis of which concrete interest relations and internal contradictions can be adjusted. In the formulation and implementation of the Party's principles and policies, a basic point of departure is that we should represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, and correctly reflect and take into account the interests of different groups of people, enabling the whole people to advance steadily toward the goal of common prosperity. We should protect the vitality for further growth of the developed regions, strong industries and people who have become rich first through hard work and lawful business operations and encouraging them to create social wealth. More importantly, we must pay great attention to less developed areas and the industries and people in straitened circumstances and show concern for them. In particular, we must see to it that the people in financial difficulties have subsistence allowances, and we must take effective measures to help them find jobs and improve their living conditions so that they will truly feel the warmth of our socialist society. （四）贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，必须以改革的精神推进党的建设，不断为党的肌体注入新活力。高度重视和不断加强自身建设，是我们党从小到大、由弱到强，从挫折中奋起、在战胜困难中不断成熟的一大法宝。总结党八十多年来的历史经验，最根本的一条，就是党的建设必须按照党的政治路线来进行，围绕党的中心任务来展开，朝着党的建设总目标来加强，不断提高党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力。
4. To carry out the important thought of Three Represents, it is essential to push forward Party building in a spirit of reform and instill new vitality in the Party. Attaching vital importance to and strengthening Party building is a magic weapon with which our Party has grown from a small and weak force to a large and strong one, risen in spite of setbacks and matured gradually in surmounting difficulties. As the historical experience of the Party over the past 80 years and more shows, the most important point is that we must build up the Party according to its political line, central task and general goal for building it with a view to enhancing its creativity, cohesion and fighting capacity. 坚持用时代发展的要求审视自己，以改革的精神加强和完善自己，这是我们党始终保持马克思主义政党本色、永不脱离群众和具有蓬勃活力的根本保证。必须既善于总结成功的经验，又善于记取失误的教训；既善于通过提出和贯彻正确的理论路线带领群众前进，又善于从群众的实践创造和发展要求中获得前进动力；既善于认识和改造客观世界，又善于组织引导干部和党员在实践中加强主观世界的改造。要按照这样的要求，实现坚持马克思主义基本原理和推进理论创新相统一，坚持党的优良传统和弘扬时代精神相统一，坚持增强党的阶级基础和扩大党的群众基础相统一，使党成为思想上政治上组织上完全巩固、始终站在时代前列带领人民团结奋进的坚强领导核心。
Persisting in self-examination in compliance with the requirements of the times and pursuing self-improvement in a spirit of reform are the fundamental guarantee that our Party will always remain a Marxist party, will never be divorced from the people and will be full of vitality. We must be good at both reviewing our useful experience and learning lessons from our mistakes. We must be good at both leading the people ahead by putting forward and implementing the correct theory and line and acquiring the motivation for progress from the people's creations in practice and their desire for development. We must be good at both understanding and changing the objective world and organizing and guiding cadres and other Party members to strengthen their efforts to change their subjective world in practice. Bearing these requirements in mind, we must integrate adherence to the basic tenets of Marxism with efforts for theoretical innovation, maintenance of the fine tradition of the Party with promotion of the spirit of the times, and consolidation of the Party's class base with expansion of its mass base so that the Party serves as a strong core of leadership that is consolidated ideologically, politically and organizationally and always stands in the forefront of the times leading the people forward in solidarity. 总之，“三个代表”重要思想是发展的、前进的。全党必须在思想上不断有新解放，理论上不断有新发展，实践上不断有新创造，把“三个代表”重要思想贯彻到社会主义现代化建设的各个领域，体现在党的建设的各个方面，使我们党始终与时代发展同步伐，与人民群众共命运。
All in all, the important thought of Three Represents is always in a process of development and progress. The whole Party must continue to emancipate the mind, come up with new ideas in respect of theory and create something new in practice. It must carry out the important thought of Three Represents in all endeavors of the socialist modernization drive and in all aspects of Party building so that it always advances with the times and shares weal and woe with the people. 三、全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标
III. Objectives of Building a Well-off Society in an All-Round Way 　经过全党和全国各族人民的共同努力，我们胜利实现了现代化建设“三步走”战略的第一步、第二步目标，人民生活总体上达到小康水平。这是社会主义制度的伟大胜利，是中华民族发展史上一个新的里程碑。
Thanks to the joint efforts of the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups, we have attained the objectives of the first two steps of the three-step strategy for China's modernization drive, and by and large, the people have become well-off. This is a great victory for the socialist system

and a new milestone in the history of the development of the Chinese nation. 必须看到，我国正处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，现在达到的小康还是低水平的、不全面的、发展很不平衡的小康，人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾仍然是我国社会的主要矛盾。我国生产力和科技、教育还比较落后，实现工业化和现代化还有很长的路要走；城乡二元经济结构还没有改变，地区差距扩大的趋势尚未扭转，贫困人口还为数不少；人口总量继续增加，老龄人口比重上升，就业和社会保障压力增大；生态环境、自然资源和经济社会发展的矛盾日益突出；我们仍然面临发达国家在经济科技等方面占优势的压力；经济体制和其他方面的管理体制还不完善；民主法制建设和思想道德建设等方面还存在一些不容忽视的问题。巩固和提高目前达到的小康水平，还需要进行长时期的艰苦奋斗。
We must be aware that China is in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come. The well-off life we are leading is still at a low level; it is not all-inclusive and is very uneven. The principal contradiction in our society is still one between the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people and the backwardness of social production. Our productive forces, science, technology and education are still relatively backward, so there is still a long way to go before we achieve industrialization and modernization. The dual structure in urban and rural economy has not yet been changed, the gap between regions is still widening and there are still quite a large number of impoverished people. China's population continues to grow, the proportion of the aged is getting larger, and the pressure on employment and social security is mounting. The contradiction between the ecological environment and natural resources on the one hand and economic and social development on the other is becoming increasingly conspicuous. We still feel pressure from developed countries as they have the upper hand in such fields as the economy, science and technology. The economic structure and managerial systems in other fields remain to be perfected. There are still some problems we cannot afford to overlook in improving democracy and the legal system as well as the ideological and ethical standards. We need to work hard over a long period of time to consolidate and uplift our current well-off standard of living. 综观全局，二十一世纪头二十年，对我国来说，是一个必须紧紧抓住并且可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。根据十五大提出的到二０一０年、建党一百年和新中国成立一百年的发展目标，我们要在本世纪头二十年，集中力量，全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。这是实现现代化建设第三步战略目标必经的承上启下的发展阶段，也是完善社会主义市场经济体制和扩大对外开放的关键阶段。经过这个阶段的建设，再继续奋斗几十年，到本世纪中叶基本实现现代化，把我国建成富强民主文明的社会主义国家。
An overview of the situation shows that for our country, the first two decades of the 21st century are a period of important strategic opportunities, which we must seize tightly and which offers bright prospects. In accordance with the development objectives up to 2010, the centenary of the Party and that of New China, as proposed at the Fifteenth National Congress, we need to concentrate on building a well-off society of a higher standard in an all-round way to the benefit of well over one billion people in this period. We will further develop the economy, improve democracy, advance science and education, enrich culture, foster social harmony and upgrade the texture of life for the people. The two decades of development will serve as an inevitable connecting link for attainting the third-step strategic objectives for our modernization drive as well as a key stage for improving the socialist market economy and opening wider to the outside world. Building on what is achieved at this stage and continuing to work for several more decades, we will have in the main accomplished the modernization program and turned China into a strong, prosperous, democratic and culturally advanced socialist country by the middle of this century. 全面建设小康社会的目标是：
The objectives of building a well-off society in an all-round way are as follows: ——在优化结构和提高效益的基础上，国内生产总值到二０二０年力争比二０００年翻两番，综合国力和国际竞争力明显增强。基本实现工业化，建成完善的社会主义市场经济体制和更具活力、更加开放的经济体系。城镇人口的比重较大幅度提高，工农差别、城乡差别和地区差别扩大的趋势逐步扭转。社会保障体系比较健全，社会就业比较充分，家庭财产普遍增加，人民过上更加富足的生活。
-- On the basis of optimized structure and better economic returns, efforts will be made to quadruple the GDP of the year 2000 by 2020, and China's overall national strength and international competitiveness will increase markedly. We will in the main achieve industrialization and establish a full-fledged socialist market economy and a more open and viable economic system. The proportion of urban population will go up considerably and the trend of widening differences between industry and agriculture, between urban and rural areas and between regions will be reversed step by step. We will have a fairly sound social security system. There will be a higher rate of employment. People will have more family property and lead a more prosperous life. ——社会主义民主更加完善，社会主义法制更加完备，依法治国基本方略得到全面落实，人民的政治、经济和文化权益得到切实尊重和保障。基层民主更加健全，社会秩序良好，人民安居乐业。
-- Socialist democracy and the legal system will be further improved. The basic principle of ruling the country by law will be implemented completely. The political, economic and cultural rights and interests of the people will be respected and guaranteed in real earnest. Democracy at the grassroots level will be better practiced. People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentment. ——全民族的思想道德素质、科学文化素质和健康素质明显提高，形成比较完善的现代国民教育体系、科技和文化创新体系、全民健身和医疗卫生体系。人民享有接受良好教育的机会，基本普及高中阶段教育，消除文盲。形成全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会，促进人的全面发展。
-- The ideological and ethical standards, the scientific and cultural qualities, and the health of the whole people will be enhanced notably. A sound modern national educational system, scientific, technological and cultural innovation systems as well as nationwide fitness and medical and health systems will take shape. People will have access to better education. We will make senior secondary education basically universal in the country and eliminate illiteracy. A learning society in which all the people will learn or even pursue life-long education will emerge to boost their all-round development. ——可持续发展能力不断增强，生态环境得到改善，资源利用效率显著提高，促进人与自然的和谐，推动整个社会走上生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路。
-- The capability of sustainable development will be steadily enhanced. The ecological environment will be improved. The efficiency of using resources will be increased significantly. We will enhance harmony between man and nature to push the whole society onto a path to civilized development featuring the growth of production, an affluent life and a sound ecosystem. 这次大会确立的全面建设小康社会的目标，是中国特色社会主义经济、政治、文化全面发展的目标，是与加快推进现代化相统一的目标，符合我国国情和现代化建设的实际，符合人民的愿望，意义十分重大。为完成党在新世纪新阶段的这个奋斗目标，发展要有新思路，改革要有新突破，开放要有新局面，各项工作要有新举措。各地各部门都要从实际出发，采取切实有效的措施，努力实现这个目标。有条件的地方可以发展得更快一些，在全面建设小康社会的基础上，率先基本实现现代化。可以肯定，实现了全面建设小康社会的目标，我们的祖国亟臃比俑磺浚嗣竦纳畋亟有腋Ｃ篮茫泄厣缁嶂饕灞亟徊较允境鼍薮蟮挠旁叫浴?
The objectives set at this congress for building a well-off society in an all-round way are objectives of comprehensive economic, political and cultural development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, objectives well geared to the efforts to speed up modernization. They tally with the national conditions, the realities of the modernization drive and the people's aspirations. They are of great significance. In order to attain the Party's objectives for the new stage in the new century, it is imperative to come up with new ideas for development, make new breakthroughs in reform, break new ground in opening up and take new moves in all fields of endeavor. All localities and departments must proceed from their actual conditions and take effective measures to attain the objectives. Places where conditions permit may develop faster and take the lead in accomplishing modernization by and large on the basis of building a well-off society in an all-round way. We are sure that after attaining the objectives of building a well-off society in an all-round way, our motherland will become stronger and more prosperous, the people will live a better and happier life, and socialism with Chinese characteristics will further demonstrate its great superiority.　　四、经济建设和经济体制改革
IV. Economic Development and Restructuring　　全面建设小康社会，最根本的是坚持以经济建设为中心，不断解放和发展社会生产力。根据世界经济科技发展新趋势和我国经济发展新阶段的要求，本世纪头二十年经济建设和改革的主要任务是，完善社会主义市场经济体制，推动经济结构战略性调整，基本实现工业化，大力推进信息化，加快建设现代化，保持国民经济持续快速健康发展，不断提高人民生活水平。前十年要全面完成“十五”计划和二０一０年的奋斗目标，使经济总量、综合国力和人民生活水平再上一个大台阶，为后十年的更大发展打好基础。
In building a well-off society in an all-round way, it is of vital importance to take economic development as the central task and keep releasing and developing the productive forces. In light of the new trends in the economy, science and technology of the world and the requirements of our national economic development in the new period, we should undertake the following main tasks for economic development and reform in the first two decades of this century: to improve the socialist market economy, promote strategic adjustment of the economic structure, basically accomplish industrialization, energetically apply IT, accelerate modernization, maintain a sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy and steadily uplift the people's living standards. In the first decade, we will accomplish all the objectives set in the Tenth Five-Year Plan and for the years up to 2010 so as to bring the economic aggregate, overall national strength and the people's living standards up to a much higher level and lay a solid foundation for even greater development in the second decade. （一）走新型工业化道路，大力实施科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略。实现工业化仍然是我国现代化进程中艰巨的历史性任务。信息化是我国加快实现工业化和现代化的必然选择。坚持以信息化带动工业化，以工业化促进信息化，走出一条科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化路子。
1. Take a new road to industrialization and implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and that of sustainable development. It remains an arduous historical task in the process of our modernization drive to accomplish industrialization. IT application is a logical choice if industrialization and modernization of our country are to be accelerated. It is, therefore, necessary to persist in using IT to propel industrialization, which will, in turn, stimulate IT application, blazing a new trail to industrialization featuring high scientific and technological content, good economic returns, low resources consumption, little environmental pollution and a full display of advantages in human resources. 推进产业结构优化升级，形成以高新技术产业为先导、基础产业和制造业为支撑、服务业全面发展的产业格局。优先发展信息产业，在经济和社会领域广泛应用信息技术。积极发展对经济增长有突破性重大带动作用的高新技术产业。用高新技术和先进适用技术改造传统产业，大力振兴装备制造业。继续加强基础设施建设。加快发展现代服务业，提高第三产业在国民经济中的比重。正确处理发展高新技术产业和传统产业、资金技术密集型产业和劳动密集型产业、虚拟经济和实体经济的关系。
We must press ahead to optimize and upgrade the industrial structure so as to bring about an industrial pattern with high and new technology industries as the leader, basic and manufacturing industries as the kingpin and the service industry developing in all areas. We must give priority to the development of the information industry and apply IT in all areas of economic and social development. We must develop high and new technology industries to provide breakthroughs in stimulating economic growth. It is necessary to transform traditional industries with high and new technology and advanced adaptive technology and invigorate the equipment manufacturing industry. We should continue to strengthen infrastructure. We should accelerate the development of the modern service sector and raise the proportion of the tertiary industry in the national economy. We must correctly handle the relationships of development between the high and new technology industries and traditional industries, between capital-and-technology-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries and between virtual economy and real economy. 走新型工业化道路，必须发挥科学技术作为第一生产力的重要作用，注重依靠科技进步和提高劳动者素质，改善经济增长质量和效益。加强基础研究和高技术研究，推进关键技术创新和系统集成，实现技术跨越式发展。鼓励科技创新，在关键领域和若干科技发展前沿掌握核心技术和拥有一批自主知识产权。深化科技和教育体制改革，加强科技教育同经济的结合，完善科技服务体系，加速科技成果向现实生产力转化。推进国家创新体系建设。发挥风险投资的作用，形成促进科技创新和创业的资本运作和人才汇集机制。完善知识产权保护制度。必须把可持续发展放在十分突出的地位，坚持计划生育、保护环境和保护资源的基本国策。稳定低生育水平。合理开发和节约使用各种自然资源。抓紧解决部分地区水资源短缺问题，兴建南水北调工程。实施海洋开发，搞好国土资源综合整治。树立全民环保意识，搞好生态保护和建设。
In taking a new road to industrialization, we must give play to the important role of science and technology as the primary productive force and pay close attention to improving the quality and

efficiency of economic growth by relying on scientific and technological progress and raising the qualities of labor force. We must strengthen basic research and research in high technology, promote key technological innovation and systems integration so that technology will develop by leaps and bounds. We must encourage scientific and technological innovation and acquire key technology and independent intellectual property rights in key areas and a number of domains in frontier science and technology. We must deepen the reform of the administration systems of science, technology and education, strengthen the integration of science, technology and education with the economy, improve the service system for the development of science and technology and quicken the pace of translating research achievements into practical productive forces. We must press ahead with the building of a national innovation system. We must give play to the role of venture capital and develop a mechanism of capital operation and human capital pooling for promoting scientific and technological innovation and start-ups. We must improve the system of intellectual property rights protection. We must give top priority to sustainable development, adhere to the basic state policies of family planning and environmental and resources protection, keep the birthrate low and rationally develop and economically utilize all kinds of natural resources. We must lose no time in solving the problem of water shortages in some areas and build the south-to-north water diversion project. We should promote marine development and do well in the comprehensive improvement of land and resources. It is necessary to help the whole nation see the importance of environmental protection and do a good job of ecological conservation and improvement. （二）全面繁荣农村经济，加快城镇化进程。统筹城乡经济社会发展，建设现代农业，发展农村经济，增加农民收入，是全面建设小康社会的重大任务。加强农业基础地位，推进农业和农村经济结构调整，保护和提高粮食综合生产能力，健全农产品质量安全体系，增强农业的市场竞争力。积极推进农业产业化经营，提高农民进入市场的组织化程度和农业综合效益。发展农产品加工业，壮大县域经济。开拓农村市场，搞活农产品流通，健全农产品市场体系。
2. Make the rural economy flourish and speed up urbanization. A major task for building a well-off society in an all-round way is to make overall planning for urban and rural economic and social development, build modern agriculture, develop the rural economy and increase the income of farmers. We must strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy, carry on the restructuring of agriculture and the rural economy, protect and raise the comprehensive grain production capacity, improve the system for ensuring the quality of farm produce and enhance the competitiveness of agriculture in the market. We must push forward the industrialized operation of agriculture, better organize farmers in their access to the market and improve the overall efficiency of agriculture. We must develop farm produce processing industry to boost the county economy. We must open up more rural markets and enliven the distribution of farm produce by improving its market system. 农村富余劳动力向非农产业和城镇转移，是工业化和现代化的必然趋势。要逐步提高城镇化水平，坚持大中小城市和小城镇协调发展，走中国特色的城镇化道路。发展小城镇要以现有的县城和有条件的建制镇为基础，科学规划，合理布局，同发展乡镇企业和农村服务业结合起来。消除不利于城镇化发展的体制和政策障碍，引导农村劳动力合理有序流动。
It is an inevitable trend of industrialization and modernization for surplus rural labor to move to non-agricultural industries and to cities and towns. It is essential to raise the level of urbanization gradually and persist in the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns along the path to urbanization with Chinese characteristics. We should develop small towns on the basis of existing county seats and of organic towns where conditions permit, make scientific planning and a rational layout, integrating their development with the expansion of township and village enterprises and the rural service sector. All the institutional and policy barriers to urbanization must be removed and the rational and orderly flow of rural labor guided. 坚持党在农村的基本政策，长期稳定并不断完善以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制。有条件的地方可按照依法、自愿、有偿的原则进行土地承包经营权流转，逐步发展规模经营。尊重农户的市场主体地位，推动农村经营体制创新。增强集体经济实力。建立健全农业社会化服务体系。加大对农业的投入和支持，加快农业科技进步和农村基础设施建设。改善农村金融服务。继续推进农村税费改革，减轻农民负担，保护农民利益。
We must adhere to the basic rural policies of the Party and keep stabilizing and improving the two-tier management system that integrates unified with separate management on the basis of household contract management. Wherever conditions permit, the transfer of the contractual right of land can be carried out according to law and on a voluntary and compensatory basis so as to develop scale operation step by step. We must respect farmer households as market players and encourage innovation in the rural management system. We must enhance the economic strength of the collectives. We should establish and improve a commercialized rural service system. We must invest more in agriculture, give it more support and accelerate the progress of agricultural science and technology and the building of rural infrastructure. We should improve financial services in rural areas. We must continue with the reform in tax and fee in rural areas to lighten the burdens of farmers and protect their interests. （三）积极推进西部大开发，促进区域经济协调发展。实施西部大开发战略，关系全国发展的大局，关系民族团结和边疆稳定。要打好基础，扎实推进，重点抓好基础设施和生态环境建设，争取十年内取得突破性进展。积极发展有特色的优势产业，推进重点地带开发。发展科技教育，培养和用好各类人才。国家要在投资项目、税收政策和财政转移支付等方面加大对西部地区的支持，逐步建立长期稳定的西部开发资金渠道。着力改善投资环境，引导外资和国内资本参与西部开发。西部地区要进一步解放思想，增强自我发展能力，在改革开放中走出一条加快发展的新路。
3. Advance the development of the western region and bring about a coordinated development of regional economies. The implementation of the strategy for the development of the western region bears on the overall situation of national development, the ethnic unity and the stability in border areas. To lay a solid foundation and go ahead in a down-to-earth manner, we must give priority to infrastructure and ecological environment improvement and strive for breakthroughs in a decade. We must develop industries with local advantages and propel the development of key areas. We should develop science, technology and education and train and make the best use of all human resources. The state should provide the western region with greater support in such areas as investment projects, tax policies and transfer payments, gradually build up long-term and stable sources of funds for its development, improve the investment environment, and guide foreign investment and domestic capital toward that region. People there should further emancipate their minds, enhance their self-development capabilities and explore a new path to accelerated development in reform and opening up. 中部地区要加大结构调整力度，推进农业产业化，改造传统产业，培育新的经济增长点，加快工业化和城镇化进程。东部地区要加快产业结构升级，发展现代农业，发展高新技术产业和高附加值加工制造业，进一步发展外向型经济。鼓励经济特区和上海浦东新区在制度创新和扩大开放等方面走在前列。支持东北地区等老工业基地加快调整和改造，支持以资源开采为主的城市和地区发展接续产业，支持革命老区和少数民族地区加快发展，国家要加大对粮食主产区的扶持。加强东、中、西部经济交流和合作，实现优势互补和共同发展，形成若干各具特色的经济区和经济带。
The central region should redouble its efforts toward structural adjustment, giving impetus to industrialized operation of agriculture, transforming traditional industries, cultivating new economic growth points and speeding up industrialization and urbanization. The eastern region should quicken the pace of upgrading its industrial structure, develop modern agriculture, high and new technology industries and high value-added processing and manufacturing industries and further develop the outward-looking economy. We should encourage the special economic zones and the Pudong New Area in Shanghai to spearhead, among other things, institutional innovation and greater openness. We should support the northeastern region and other old industrial bases in accelerating their adjustments and transformation and support cities and areas mainly engaged in natural resources exploitation in their efforts to develop alternative industries. We should support the old revolutionary base areas and areas inhabited by ethnic minorities in expediting their development. The state should give more support to main grain producing areas. The eastern, central and western regions should strengthen economic exchanges and cooperation to complement one another and secure common development so as to form a number of distinctive economic zones and belts. （四）坚持和完善基本经济制度，深化国有资产管理体制改革。根据解放和发展生产力的要求，坚持和完善公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度。第一，必须毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济。发展壮大国有经济，国有经济控制国民经济命脉，对于发挥社会主义制度的优越性，增强我国的经济实力、国防实力和民族凝聚力，具有关键性作用。集体经济是公有制经济的重要组成部分，对实现共同富裕具有重要作用。第二，必须毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。个体、私营等各种形式的非公有制经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，对充分调动社会各方面的积极性、加快生产力发展具有重要作用。第三，坚持公有制为主体，促进非公有制经济发展，统一于社会主义现代化建设的进程中，不能把这两者对立起来。各种所有制经济完全可以在市场竞争中发挥各自优势，相互促进，共同发展。
4. Stick to and improve the basic economic system and deepen the reform of the state property management system. In line with the requirements of releasing and developing the productive forces, we must uphold and improve the basic economic system, with public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side. First, it is necessary to consolidate and develop unswervingly the public sector of the economy. Expansion of the state sector and its control of the lifeline of the national economy is of crucial importance in displaying the superiority of the socialist system and reinforcing the economic strength, national defense capabilities and national cohesion. As an important component of the public sector, the collective sector of the economy plays a significant role in achieving common prosperity. Secondly, it is necessary to encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sectors of the economy. The non-public sector of self-employed, private and other forms of ownership is an important component part of the socialist market economy. They play an important role in mobilizing the initiative of all quarters of the society to quicken the development of the productive forces. Thirdly, we must stimulate the development of the non-public sectors while keeping the public sector as the dominant player, incorporating both into the process of the socialist modernization drive instead of setting them against each other. All sectors of the economy can very well display their respective advantages in market competition and stimulate one another for common development. 继续调整国有经济的布局和结构，改革国有资产管理体制，是深化经济体制改革的重大任务。在坚持国家所有的前提下，充分发挥中央和地方两个积极性。国家要制定法律法规，建立中央政府和地方政府分别代表国家履行出资人职责，享有所有者权益，权利、义务和责任相统一，管资产和管人、管事相结合的国有资产管理体制。关系国民经济命脉和国家安全的大型国有企业、基础设施和重要自然资源等，由中央政府代表国家履行出资人职责。其他国有资产由地方政府代表国家履行出资人职责。中央政府和省、市（地）两级地方政府设立国有资产管理机构。继续探索有效的国有资产经营体制和方式。各级政府要严格执行国有资产管理法律法规，坚持政企分开，实行所有权和经营权分离，使企业自主经营、自负盈亏，实现国有资产保值增值。
Continuing to adjust the layout and structure of the state sector and reform the state property management system is a major task for deepening economic restructuring. We should give full play to the initiative of both the central and local authorities on the precondition of upholding state ownership. The state should make laws and regulations and establish a state property management system under which the Central Government and local governments perform the responsibilities of investor on behalf of the state respectively, enjoying owner's equity, combining rights with obligations and duties and administering assets, personnel and other affairs. The Central Government should represent the state in performing the functions as investor in large state-owned enterprises, infrastructure and important natural resources that have a vital bearing on the lifeline of the national economy and state security while local governments should represent the state in performing the functions as investors with regard to other state property. The Central Government and the provincial and municipal (prefectural) governments should set up state property management organizations. We should continue to explore systems and modes for managing state property effectively. Governments at all levels must strictly abide by the laws and regulations concerning the management of state property, persisting in the separation of government functions from enterprise management and separation of ownership from management so that enterprises can operate independently, assume sole responsibility for their profits or losses and preserve and increase the value of state propert. 国有企业是我国国民经济的支柱。要深化国有企业改革，进一步探索公有制特别是国有制的多种有效实现形式，大力推进企业的体制、技术和管理创新。除极少数必须由国家独资经营的企业外，积极推行股份制，发展混合所有制经济。实行投资主体多元化，重要的企业由国家控股。按照现代企业制度的要求，国有大中型企业继续实行规范的公司制改革，完善法人治理结构。推进垄断行业改革，积极引入竞争机制。通过市场和政策引导，发展具有国际竞争力的大公司大企业集团。进一步放开搞活国有中小企业。深化集体企业改革，继续支持和帮助多种形式的集体经济的发展。
State-owned enterprises are the pillar of the national economy. We should deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and further explore diversified forms for effectively realizing public ownership, especially state ownership. We should promote institutional, technological and managerial innovations in enterprises. Except for a tiny number of enterprises that must be funded solely by the state, all the others should introduce the joint-stock system to develop a mixed sector of the economy. Sources of investment must be diversified. The controlling shares in lifeline enterprises must be held by the state. Large and medium state-owned enterprises must continue their reform to convert themselves into standard companies in compliance with the requirements of the modern enterprise system and improve their corporate governance. Monopoly industries should carry out reforms to introduce competition mechanisms. We should form large internationally competitive

十六大中英文对照companies and enterprise groups through market forces and policy guidance. We should give a freer rein to small and medium state-owned enterprises to invigorate themselves. We should deepen the reform of collective enterprises and give more support and help to the growth of the various forms of the collective sector of the economy. 充分发挥个体、私营等非公有制经济在促进经济增长、扩大就业和活跃市场等方面的重要作用。放宽国内民间资本的市场准入领域，在投融资、税收、土地使用和对外贸易等方面采取措施，实现公平竞争。依法加强监督和管理，促进非公有制经济健康发展。完善保护私人财产的法律制度。
We must give full scope to the important role of the non-public sector of self-employed, private and other forms of ownership of the economy in stimulating economic growth, creating more jobs and activating the market. We should expand the areas for the market access of domestic nongovernmental capital and adopt measures with regard to investment, financing, taxation, land use, foreign trade and other aspects to carry out fair competition. We should strengthen the supervision and administration of the non-public sectors according to law to promote their sound development. We should improve the legal system for protecting private property. （五）健全现代市场体系，加强和完善宏观调控。在更大程度上发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，健全统一、开放、竞争、有序的现代市场体系。推进资本市场的改革开放和稳定发展。发展产权、土地、劳动力和技术等市场。创造各类市场主体平等使用生产要素的环境。深化流通体制改革，发展现代流通方式。整顿和规范市场经济秩序，健全现代市场经济的社会信用体系，打破行业垄断和地区封锁，促进商品和生产要素在全国市场自由流动。
5. Improve the modern market system and tighten and improve macroeconomic control. We should give a fuller play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of resources and build up a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system. We should go ahead with reform, opening up, stability and development of the capital market. We should develop markets for property rights, land, labor and technology and create an environment for the equal use of production factors by market players. We must deepen the reform of the distribution system and introduce modern ways of distribution. We must rectify and standardize the order of the market economy and establish a social credit system compatible with a modern market economy. We must get rid of trade monopolies and regional blockades to allow free movement of goods and production factors on markets around the country. 完善政府的经济调节、市场监管、社会管理和公共服务的职能，减少和规范行政审批。要把促进经济增长，增加就业，稳定物价，保持国际收支平衡作为宏观调控的主要目标。扩大内需是我国经济发展长期的、基本的立足点。坚持扩大国内需求的方针，根据形势需要实施相应的宏观经济政策。调整投资和消费关系，逐步提高消费在国内生产总值中的比重。完善国家计划和财政政策、货币政策等相互配合的宏观调控体系，发挥经济杠杆的调节作用。深化财政、税收、金融和投融资体制改革。完善预算决策和管理制度，加强对财政收支的监督，强化税收征管。稳步推进利率市场化改革，优化金融资源配置，加强金融监管，防范和化解金融风险，使金融更好地为经济社会发展服务。
We must improve the government functions of economic regulation, market supervision, social administration and public services, and reduce and standardize administrative procedures for examination and approval. We must stimulate economic growth, create more jobs, stabilize prices and maintain balance of international payments as the main macroeconomic control objectives. Stimulating domestic demand is an essential and long-standing factor underlying China's economic growth. We must stick to the policy of stimulating domestic demand and implement corresponding macroeconomic policies in light of actual needs. We must adjust the relationship between investment and consumption to raise the proportion of consumption in GDP gradually. We should improve the macroeconomic control system featuring the coordination of state planning and fiscal and monetary policies to give play to economic leverage. We should deepen the reform of the fiscal, taxation, banking, investment and financing systems. We should improve the budgetary decision-making and management system, step up the supervision of revenue and expenditures and intensify tax administration. We should carry out the reform steadily to deregulate interest rates to leave them to market forces, optimize the allocation of financial resources, strengthen regulation and prevent and defuse financial risks so as to provide better banking services for economic and social development. （六）深化分配制度改革，健全社会保障体系。理顺分配关系，事关广大群众的切身利益和积极性的发挥。调整和规范国家、企业和个人的分配关系。确立劳动、资本、技术和管理等生产要素按贡献参与分配的原则，完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度。坚持效率优先、兼顾公平，既要提倡奉献精神，又要落实分配政策，既要反对平均主义，又要防止收入悬殊。初次分配注重效率，发挥市场的作用，鼓励一部分人通过诚实劳动、合法经营先富起来。再分配注重公平，加强政府对收入分配的调节职能，调节差距过大的收入。规范分配秩序，合理调节少数垄断性行业的过高收入，取缔非法收入。以共同富裕为目标，扩大中等收入者比重，提高低收入者收入水平。
6. Deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social security system. Rationalizing the relations of income distribution bears on the immediate interests of the general public and the display of their initiative. We should adjust and standardize the relations of distribution among the state, enterprises and individuals. We should establish the principle that labor, capital, technology, managerial expertise and other production factors participate in the distribution of income in accordance with their respective contributions, thereby improving the system under which distribution according to work is dominant and a variety of modes of distribution coexist. We should give priority to efficiency with due consideration to fairness, earnestly implementing the distribution policy while advocating the spirit of devotion and guarding against an excessive disparity in income while opposing equalitarianism. In primary distribution, we should pay more attention to efficiency, bringing the market forces into play and encouraging part of the people to become rich first through honest labor and lawful operations. In redistribution, we should pay more attention to fairness and strengthen the function of the government in regulating income distribution to narrow the gap if it is too wide. We should standardize the order of income distribution, properly regulate the excessively high income of some monopoly industries and outlaw illegal gains. Bearing in mind the objective of common prosperity, we should try to raise the proportion of the middle-income group and increase the income of the low-income group. 建立健全同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系，是社会稳定和国家长治久安的重要保证。坚持社会统筹和个人帐户相结合，完善城镇职工基本养老保险制度和基本医疗保险制度。健全失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度。多渠道筹集和积累社会保障基金。各地要根据实际情况合理确定社会保障的标准和水平。发展城乡社会救济和社会福利事业。有条件的地方，探索建立农村养老、医疗保险和最低生活保障制度。
Establishing and improving a social security system compatible with the level of economic development constitutes an important guarantee for social stability and long-term peace and order in the country. We should stick to and improve the basic old-age pension and medical insurance systems for urban workers, combining socially pooled funds with personal contributions. We should improve the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban residents. We should try various channels to raise and accumulate social security funds. Reasonable standards for social security benefits should be set in light of local conditions. We should develop social relief and welfare programs in urban and rural areas. Wherever conditions permit, we should try to establish systems of old-age pensions, medical insurance and subsistence allowances in rural areas. （七）坚持“引进来”和“走出去”相结合，全面提高对外开放水平。适应经济全球化和加入世贸组织的新形势，在更大范围、更广领域和更高层次上参与国际经济技术合作和竞争，充分利用国际国内两个市场，优化资源配置，拓宽发展空间，以开放促改革促发展。
7. Do a better job in opening up by "bringing in" and "going out". In response to the new situation of economic globalization and China's entry into the WTO, we should take part in international economic and technological cooperation and competition on a broader scale, in more spheres and on a higher level, make the best use of both international and domestic markets, optimize the allocation of resources, expand the space for development and accelerate reform and development by opening up. 进一步扩大商品和服务贸易。实施市场多元化战略，发挥我国的比较优势，巩固传统市场，开拓新兴市场，努力扩大出口。坚持以质取胜，提高出口商品和服务的竞争力。优化进口结构，着重引进先进技术和关键设备。深化外经贸体制改革，推进外贸主体多元化，完善有关税收制度和贸易融资机制。
We should expand trade in goods and services. We should implement the strategy of market diversification, bring into play our comparative advantages, consolidate our existing markets and open new ones in an effort to increase exports. We should sharpen the competitive edge of our goods and services for export by ensuring good quality. We should optimize our import mix and focus on bringing in advanced technology and key equipment. We should deepen the reform of the system of trade and economic relations with other countries, encouraging more enterprises to engage in foreign trade and improving relevant taxation systems and the trade financing mechanism. 进一步吸引外商直接投资，提高利用外资的质量和水平。逐步推进服务领域开放。通过多种方式利用中长期国外投资，把利用外资与国内经济结构调整、国有企业改组改造结合起来，鼓励跨国公司投资农业、制造业和高新技术产业。大力引进海外各类专业人才和智力。改善投资环境，对外商投资实行国民待遇，提高法规和政策透明度。实施“走出去”战略是对外开放新阶段的重大举措。鼓励和支持有比较优势的各种所有制企业对外投资，带动商品和劳务出口，形成一批有实力的跨国企业和著名品牌。积极参与区域经济交流和合作。在扩大对外开放中，要十分注意维护国家经济安全。
We should attract more foreign direct investment and use it more effectively. We will open the service sector to the outside world step by step. We will utilize medium- and long-term foreign investment in many ways, combining it with the domestic economic restructuring and the reorganization and transformation of state-owned enterprises and encouraging multinational corporations to invest in agriculture and manufacturing and high and new technology industries. We should try to bring in from overseas large numbers of professionals and other intellectual resources in various areas. We should improve the environment for investment, grant national treatment to foreign investors and make relevant policies and regulations more transparent. Implementation of the strategy of "going out" is an important measure taken in the new stage of opening up. We should encourage and help relatively competitive enterprises with various forms of ownership to invest abroad in order to increase export of goods and labor services and bring about a number of strong multinational enterprises and brand names. We should take an active part in regional economic exchanges and cooperation. In opening wider to the outside world, we must pay great attention to safeguarding our national economic security. （八）千方百计扩大就业，不断改善人民生活。就业是民生之本。扩大就业是我国当前和今后长时期重大而艰巨的任务。国家实行促进就业的长期战略和政策。各级党委和政府必须把改善创业环境和增加就业岗位作为重要职责。广开就业门路，积极发展劳动密集型产业。对提供新就业岗位和吸纳下岗失业人员再就业的企业给予政策支持。引导全社会转变就业观念，推行灵活多样的就业形式，鼓励自谋职业和自主创业。完善就业培训和服务体系，提高劳动者就业技能。依法加强劳动用工管理，保障劳动者的合法权益。高度重视安全生产，保护国家财产和人民生命的安全。
8. Do everything possible to create more jobs and improve the people's lives. Employment has a vital bearing on the people's livelihood. The task of increasing employment is arduous now and will remain so for a long time to come. It is a long-term strategy and policy of the state to expand employment. Party committees and governments at all levels must take it as their major obligation to improve the business environment and create more jobs. We should open up more avenues for employment and develop labor-intensive industries. We should give policy support to enterprises that increase jobs or reemploy laid-off workers. We should help the general public to change their mentality about employment, introduce flexible and diverse forms of employment and encourage people to find jobs on their own or become self-employed. We should improve the system of pre-job training and employment services and raise workers' skills for new jobs. We should strengthen employment management in accordance with law, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, pay great attention to safety at work and protect the safety of state property and people's life. 发展经济的根本目的是提高全国人民的生活水平和质量。要随着经济发展不断增加城乡居民收入，拓宽消费领域，优化消费结构，满足人们多样化的物质文化需求。加强公共服务设施建设，改善生活环境，发展社区服务，方便群众生活。建立适应新形势要求的卫生服务体系和医疗保健体系，着力改善农村医疗卫生状况，提高城乡居民的医疗保健水平。发展残疾人事业。继续大力推进扶贫开发，巩固扶贫成果，尽快使尚未脱贫的农村人口解决温饱问题，并逐步过上小康生活。
The fundamental goal of economic development is to uplift the living standards and quality of life of the people. As the economy develops, we should increase the income of urban and rural residents, expand the scope of their consumption and optimize the consumption structure so as to meet the people's multifarious material and cultural needs. Further efforts should be made to develop public service facilities, better people's living environment and expand community services in order to make life easier for the people. We should establish a medical service and health care system that meets the requirements of the new situation. We should improve medical and health conditions in rural areas and the medical and health care for urban and rural residents. We should build up various programs to help the handicapped. We should intensify our efforts to fight poverty through development, build on the achievements we have scored in this regard, strive to accomplish the task of providing adequate food and clothing for the impoverished rural population and gradually enable them to lead a well-off life.

十六大报告中英文对照胜利完成经济建设和经济体制改革的各项任务，对加快推进社会主义现代化具有决定性意义。只要全党和全国各族人民同心同德，艰苦奋斗，我们就一定能够建立完善的社会主义市场经济体制，在新世纪新阶段继续保持国民经济持续快速健康发展。
Accomplishing the tasks set for economic development and restructuring is of decisive significance to accelerating our socialist modernization. So long as the whole Party and the people of all ethnic groups work hard with one heart and one mind, we will definitely establish a mature socialist market economy and maintain a sustained, rapid and sound development of the national economy at the new stage in the new century. 五、政治建设和政治体制改革
V. Political Development and Restructuring 　　发展社会主义民主政治，建设社会主义政治文明，是全面建设小康社会的重要目标。必须在坚持四项基本原则的前提下，继续积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革，扩大社会主义民主，健全社会主义法制，建设社会主义法治国家，巩固和发展民主团结、生动活泼、安定和谐的政治局面。
Developing socialist democracy and establishing a socialist political civilization are an important goal for building a well-off society in an all-round way. Adhering to the Four Cardinal Principles, we must go on steadily and surely with political restructuring, extend socialist democracy and improve the socialist legal system in order to build a socialist country under the rule of law and consolidate and develop the political situation characterized by democracy, solidarity, liveliness, stability and harmony. 我们党历来以实现和发展人民民主为己任。改革开放以来，我们坚定不移地推进政治体制改革，有力地促进了社会主义民主政治建设。发展社会主义民主政治，最根本的是要把坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机统一起来。党的领导是人民当家作主和依法治国的根本保证，人民当家作主是社会主义民主政治的本质要求，依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略。中国共产党是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心。共产党执政就是领导和支持人民当家作主，最广泛地动员和组织人民群众依法管理国家和社会事务，管理经济和文化事业，维护和实现人民群众的根本利益。宪法和法律是党的主张和人民意志相统一的体现。必须严格依法办事，任何组织和个人都不允许有超越宪法和法律的特权。
Our Party has always deemed it its duty to realize and develop people's democracy. Since the beginning of reform and opening up, we have pressed on with political restructuring and improved socialist democracy. The key to developing socialist democracy is to combine the need to uphold the Party's leadership and to ensure that the people are the masters of the country with the need to rule the country by law. Leadership by the Party is the fundamental guarantee that the people are the masters of the country and that the country is ruled by law. The people being the masters of the country constitutes the essential requirement of socialist democracy. Ruling the country by law is the basic principle the Party pursues while it leads the people in running the country. The CPC is the core of leadership for the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Governance by the Communist Party means that it leads and supports the people in acting as the masters of the country and mobilizes and organizes them on a most extensive scale to manage state and social affairs and economic and cultural undertakings according to law, safeguarding and realizing their fundamental interests. The Constitution and other laws embody the unity of the Party's views and the people's will. All organizations and individuals must act in strict accordance with the law, and none of them are allowed to have the privilege to overstep the Constitution and other laws. 政治体制改革是社会主义政治制度的自我完善和发展。推进政治体制改革要有利于增强党和国家的活力，发挥社会主义制度的特点和优势，充分调动人民群众的积极性创造性，维护国家统一、民族团结和社会稳定，促进经济发展和社会全面进步。要坚持从我国国情出发，总结自己的实践经验，同时借鉴人类政治文明的有益成果，绝不照搬西方政治制度的模式。要着重加强制度建设，实现社会主义民主政治的制度化、规范化和程序化。
Political restructuring is the self-improvement and development of the socialist political system. It must help enhance the vitality of the Party and state, demonstrate the features and advantages of the socialist system, give full scope to the initiative and creativity of the people, safeguard national unity, ethnic solidarity and social stability and promote economic development and social progress. We must always proceed from our national conditions, review our experience gained in practice and at the same time learn from the achievements of political civilization of mankind. We should never copy any models of the political system of the West. We must concentrate on institutional improvement and ensure that socialist democracy is institutionalized and standardized and has its procedures. （一）坚持和完善社会主义民主制度。健全民主制度，丰富民主形式，扩大公民有序的政治参与，保证人民依法实行民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督，享有广泛的权利和自由，尊重和保障人权。坚持和完善人民代表大会制度，保证人民代表大会及其常委会依法履行职能，保证立法和决策更好地体现人民的意志。优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。坚持和完善共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度。坚持“长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共”的方针，加强同民主党派合作共事，更好地发挥我国社会主义政党制度的特点和优势。保证人民政协发挥政治协商、民主监督和参政议政的作用。巩固和发展最广泛的爱国统一战线。全面贯彻党的民族政策，坚持和完善民族区域自治制度，巩固和发展平等团结互助的社会主义民族关系，促进各民族共同繁荣进步。全面贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策，依法管理宗教事务，积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应，坚持独立自主自办的原则。认真贯彻党的侨务政策。
1. Uphold and improve the systems of socialist democracy. It is essential to improve the systems of democracy, develop diverse forms of democracy, expand citizens' participation in political affairs in an orderly way, and ensure that the people go in for democratic elections and decision-making, exercise democratic management and supervision according to law and enjoy extensive rights and freedoms, and that human rights are respected and guaranteed. We should uphold and improve the system of people's congresses and ensure that the congresses and their standing committees exercise their functions according to law and that their legislation and policy decisions better embody the people's will. We should optimize the composition of the standing committees. We should uphold and improve the system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party. We should uphold the principle of "long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, treating each other with all sincerity and sharing weal and woe", step up our cooperation with the democratic parties and better display the features and advantages of the Chinese socialist system of political parties. We will ensure that the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) plays its role in political consultation, democratic supervision and participation in and deliberation of state affairs. We will consolidate and develop the broadest possible patriotic united front. We will fully implement the Party's policy toward ethnic minorities, uphold and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, consolidate and enhance socialist ethnic relations of equality, solidarity and mutual assistance and promote common prosperity and progress for all our ethnic groups. We will implement the Party's policy toward the freedom of religious belief, handle religious affairs according to law, encourage the adaptability of religions to the socialist society and uphold the principle of self-administration and running religious affairs independently. We will conscientiously carry out the Party's policy toward overseas Chinese affairs. 扩大基层民主，是发展社会主义民主的基础性工作。健全基层自治组织和民主管理制度，完善公开办事制度，保证人民群众依法直接行使民主权利，管理基层公共事务和公益事业，对干部实行民主监督。完善村民自治，健全村党组织领导的充满活力的村民自治机制。完善城市居民自治，建设管理有序、文明祥和的新型社区。坚持和完善职工代表大会和其他形式的企事业民主管理制度，保障职工的合法权益。
Extending democracy at the grassroots level is the groundwork for developing socialist democracy. We will improve grassroots self-governing organizations, their democratic management system and the system of keeping the public informed of matters being handled, and ensure that the people directly exercise their democratic rights according to law, manage grassroots public affairs and programs for public good and exercise democratic supervision over the cadres. We will improve self-governance among villagers and foster a mechanism of their self-governance full of vitality under the leadership of village Party organizations. We will improve self-governance among urban residents and build new-type and well-managed communities featuring civility and harmony. We will uphold and improve the system of workers' conferences and other democratic management systems in enterprises and institutions and protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers. （二）加强社会主义法制建设。坚持有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究。适应社会主义市场经济发展、社会全面进步和加入世贸组织的新形势，加强立法工作，提高立法质量，到二０一０年形成中国特色社会主义法律体系。坚持法律面前人人平等。加强对执法活动的监督，推进依法行政，维护司法公正，提高执法水平，确保法律的严格实施。维护法制的统一和尊严，防止和克服地方和部门的保护主义。拓展和规范法律服务，积极开展法律援助。加强法制宣传教育，提高全民法律素质，尤其要增强公职人员的法制观念和依法办事能力。党员和干部特别是领导干部要成为遵守宪法和法律的模范。
2. Improve the socialist legal system. We must see to it that there are laws to go by, the laws are observed and strictly enforced, and law-breakers are prosecuted. To adapt to the new situation characterized by the development of a socialist market economy, all-round social progress and China's accession to the WTO, we will strengthen legislation and improve its quality and will have formulated a socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics by the year 2010. We must see to it that all people are equal before the law. We should tighten supervision over law enforcement, promote the exercise of administrative functions according to law, safeguard judicial justice and raise the level of law enforcement so that laws are strictly implemented. We must safeguard the uniformity and sanctity of the legal system and prevent or overcome local and departmental protectionism. We will extend and standardize legal services and provide effective legal aid. We should give more publicity to the legal system so that the people are better educated in law. In particular, we will enhance the public servants' awareness of law and their ability to perform their official duties according to law. Party members and cadres, especially leading cadres, should play an exemplary role in abiding by the Constitution and other laws. （三）改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式。这对于推进社会主义民主政治建设，具有全局性作用。党的领导主要是政治、思想和组织领导，通过制定大政方针，提出立法建议，推荐重要干部，进行思想宣传，发挥党组织和党员的作用，坚持依法执政，实施党对国家和社会的领导。党委在同级各种组织中发挥领导核心作用，集中精力抓好大事，支持各方独立负责、步调一致地开展工作。进一步改革和完善党的工作机构和工作机制。按照党总揽全局、协调各方的原则，规范党委与人大、政府、政协以及人民团体的关系，支持人大依法履行国家权力机关的职能，经过法定程序，使党的主张成为国家意志，使党组织推荐的人选成为国家政权机关的领导人员，并对他们进行监督；支持政府履行法定职能，依法行政；支持政协围绕团结和民主两大主题履行职能。加强对工会、共青团和妇联等人民团体的领导，支持他们依照法律和各自章程开展工作，更好地成为党联系广大人民群众的桥梁和纽带。
3. Reform and improve the Party's style of leadership and governance. This is a matter of overall significance to improving socialist democracy. Leadership by the Party mainly refers to its political, ideological and organizational leadership. The Party exercises leadership over the state and society by formulating major principles and policies, making suggestions on legislation, recommending cadres for important positions, conducting ideological publicity, giving play to the role of Party organizations and members and persisting in exercising state power according to law. Party committees, playing the role as the core of leadership among all other organizations at corresponding levels, should concentrate on handling important matters and support those organizations in assuming their responsibilities independently and making concerted efforts in their work. We will further reform and improve the Party's working organs and mechanisms. Acting on the principle that the Party commands the overall situation and coordinates the efforts of all quarters, we will standardize relations between Party committees on the one hand and people's congresses, governments, CPPCC committees and mass organizations on the other. We will support people's congresses in performing their functions as organs of state power according to law, in ensuring that the Party's views become the will of the state and that candidates recommended by Party organizations become leading cadres of the organs of state power through legal procedures, and in exercising supervision over them. We will support the government in fulfilling its legal functions and performing its official duties according to law. We will support CPPCC committees in performing their functions by centering on the two major subjects of unity and democracy. We will strengthen the Party's leadership over trade unions, the Communist Youth League organizations, women's federations and other mass organizations and support them in working according to law and their own constitutions and acting as a bridge between the Party and the people. （四）改革和完善决策机制。正确决策是各项工作成功的重要前提。要完善深入了解民情、充分反映民意、广泛集中民智、切实珍惜民力的决策机制，推进决策科学化民主化。各级决策机关都要完善重大决策的规则和程序，建立社情民意反映制度，建立与群众利益密切相关的重大事项社会公示制度和社会听证制度，完善专家咨询制度，实行决策的论证制和责任制，防止决策的随意性。
4. Reform and improve the decision-making mechanism. Correct decision-making is an important prerequisite for success in all work. We will improve the decision-making mechanism by which decision-makers will go deep among the people and get to know how they are faring, reflect their will, pool their wisdom and value their resources, putting decision-making on a more scientific and democratic basis. Decision-making organs at all levels should improve the rules and procedures for taking major policy decisions, establish a system of reporting social conditions and public opinion, a system of keeping the public informed and a system of public hearings on major issues closely related to the interests of the people, perfect the expert consulting system and implement a verification system and a responsibility system in making policy decisions with a view to

十六大报告preventing arbitrary decision-making. （五）深化行政管理体制改革。进一步转变政府职能，改进管理方式，推行电子政务，提高行政效率，降低行政成本，形成行为规范、运转协调、公正透明、廉洁高效的行政管理体制。依法规范中央和地方的职能和权限，正确处理中央垂直管理部门和地方政府的关系。按照精简、统一、效能的原则和决策、执行、监督相协调的要求，继续推进政府机构改革，科学规范部门职能，合理设置机构，优化人员结构，实现机构和编制的法定化，切实解决层次过多、职能交叉、人员臃肿、权责脱节和多重多头执法等问题。按照政事分开原则，改革事业单位管理体制。
5. Deepen administrative restructuring. We should further change the functions of the government, improve the methods of management, introduce e-government, uplift administrative efficiency and reduce costs so as to form an administrative system featuring standardized behaviors, coordinated operation, fairness and transparency, honesty and high efficiency. We should standardize the functions and powers of the Central Government and local authorities according to law and properly handle relations between the departments directly under the Central Government and the local governments. Following the principle of simplification, uniformity and efficiency and meeting the requirements of coordination in decision-making, execution and supervision, we will continue to promote the restructuring of government departments, standardize their functions in a scientific manner, rationalize their set-ups, and optimize their composition in order to delimit the structures and sizes statutorily and solve the problems of too many levels, overlapping functions, overstaffing, divorce between powers and responsibilities and duplicate law enforcement. We will reform the management system of institutions in accordance with the principle of separating the functions of government from those of institutions. （六）推进司法体制改革。社会主义司法制度必须保障在全社会实现公平和正义。按照公正司法和严格执法的要求，完善司法机关的机构设置、职权划分和管理制度，进一步健全权责明确、相互配合、相互制约、高效运行的司法体制。从制度上保证审判机关和检察机关依法独立公正地行使审判权和检察权。完善诉讼程序，保障公民和法人的合法权益。切实解决执行难问题。改革司法机关的工作机制和人财物管理体制，逐步实现司法审判和检察同司法行政事务相分离。加强对司法工作的监督，惩治司法领域中的腐败。建设一支政治坚定、业务精通、作风优良、执法公正的司法队伍。
6. Promote the reform of the judicial system. A socialist judicial system must guarantee fairness and justice in the whole society. In accordance with the requirements of judicial justice and strict law enforcement, we should improve the setups of judicial organs, the delimitation of their functions and powers and their management systems so as to form a sound judicial system featuring clearly specified powers and responsibilities, mutual coordination and restraint and highly efficient operation. We should institutionally ensure that the judicial and procuratorial organs are in a position to exercise adjudicative and procuratorial powers independently and impartially according to law. We should improve judicial proceedings and protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and legal persons. We should solve the problem of difficult enforcement of judgments. We should reform the working mechanisms of judicial organs and the management system of their human, financial and material resources and gradually separate their judicial adjudication and procuratorial work from their administrative affairs. We will tighten supervision over the judicial work and punish corruption in this field. We will build up a contingent of judicial personnel who are politically steadfast and professionally competent, have a fine style of work and enforce laws impartially. （七）深化干部人事制度改革。努力形成广纳群贤、人尽其才、能上能下、充满活力的用人机制，把优秀人才集聚到党和国家的各项事业中来。以建立健全选拔任用和管理监督机制为重点，以科学化、民主化和制度化为目标，改革和完善干部人事制度，健全公务员制度。扩大党员和群众对干部选拔任用的知情权、参与权、选择权和监督权。实行党政领导干部职务任期制、辞职制和用人失察失误责任追究制。完善干部职务和职级相结合的制度，建立干部激励和保障机制。探索和完善党政机关、事业单位和企业的干部人事分类管理制度。改革和完善干部双重管理体制。打破选人用人中论资排辈的观念和做法，促进人才合理流动，积极营造各方面优秀人才脱颖而出的良好环境。
7. Deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system. Efforts should be made to form a vigorous personnel mechanism under which we can gather large numbers of talented people, put them to the best use and get them prepared for both promotion and demotion, calling them to the service of the Party and state. In reforming and perfecting the cadre and personnel system and improving the system of public servants, we should focus on establishing a sound mechanism of selection, appointment, management and supervision, with a view to making it scientific, democratic and institutionalized. In the matter of cadre selection and appointment, Party members and ordinary people should have more right to know, to participate, to choose and to supervise. With regard to leading cadres of the Party and government, it is necessary to implement the system of fixed tenures, the system of resignation and the system of accountability for neglect of supervisory duty or the use of the wrong person. It is necessary to improve the system of giving cadres both positions and ranks and establish an incentive and guarantee mechanism for them. We should explore and improve the system of classified management of cadres and personnel in Party and government organs, institutions and enterprises. We should reform and improve the system of dual control over cadres. We should break with the notions and practices of overstressing seniority in the matter of selection and appointment, encourage the rational flow of trained people and create a sound environment which makes it possible for outstanding people to come to the fore in all fields. （八）加强对权力的制约和监督。建立结构合理、配置科学、程序严密、制约有效的权力运行机制，从决策和执行等环节加强对权力的监督，保证把人民赋予的权力真正用来为人民谋利益。重点加强对领导干部特别是主要领导干部的监督，加强对人财物管理和使用的监督。强化领导班子内部监督，完善重大事项和重要干部任免的决定程序。改革和完善党的纪律检查体制，建立和完善巡视制度。发挥司法机关和行政监察、审计等职能部门的作用。实行多种形式的领导干部述职述廉制度，健全重大事项报告制度、质询制度和民主评议制度。认真推行政务公开制度。加强组织监督和民主监督，发挥舆论监督的作用。
8. Tighten the restraint on and supervision over the use of power. We should establish a mechanism for the exercise of power featuring reasonable structure, scientific distribution, rigorous procedures and effective restraint so as to tighten supervision over power in terms of decision-making, execution and other links and ensure that the power entrusted to us by the people is truly exercised for their benefits. We should focus on tightening supervision over leading cadres and especially principal ones, stepping up supervision over the management and use of human, financial and material resources. We should tighten internal supervision of leading groups and improve the procedures for deciding on important matters and the appointment or dismissal of cadres in important positions. We should reform and improve the system of Party discipline inspection and introduce and improve the system of inspection tours. We should give play to the role of judicial, administrative supervision and auditing organs and other functional departments. We should implement the system under which leading cadres report in various ways on their work and their efforts to perform their duties honestly, and improve the systems of reporting on important matters, of making inquiries and of democratic appraisal. We should conscientiously implement the system of making government affairs known to the public. We should tighten organizational and democratic supervision and give play to the supervisory function of the media. （九）维护社会稳定。完成改革和发展的繁重任务，必须保持长期和谐稳定的社会环境。各级党委和政府要满腔热情地解决人民群众工作和生活中的实际问题。要深入调查研究，区别不同情况，加强思想政治工作，正确运用经济、行政和法律等手段，妥善处理人民内部矛盾特别是涉及群众切身利益的矛盾，保持安定团结的局面。加强政法工作，依法严厉打击各种犯罪活动，防范和惩治邪教组织的犯罪活动，坚决扫除社会丑恶现象，切实保障人民群众生命财产安全。坚持打防结合、预防为主，落实社会治安综合治理的各项措施，改进社会管理，保持良好的社会秩序。加强国家安全工作，警惕国际国内敌对势力的渗透、颠覆和分裂活动。
9. Maintain social stability. To accomplish the heavy tasks of reform and development, we must have a harmonious and stable social climate for a long time to come. Party committees and governments at all levels should enthusiastically help the people solve practical problems they may confront in their work and life. They must carry out in-depth investigations and study, strengthen ideological and political work in light of different cases, and employ economic, administrative and legal means to handle the contradictions among the people properly, those involving their immediate interests in particular, so as to maintain stability and unity. It is essential to improve procuratorial, judicial and public security work, cracking down on criminal activities according to law, guarding against and punishing crimes committed by evil cult gangs and eliminating social evils so as to ensure the safety of the lives and property of the people. We must combine punishment and prevention, with emphasis on the latter, take comprehensive measures to maintain law and order and improve social management so as to keep public order. We must strengthen state security, keeping vigilance against infiltrative, subversive and separatist activities by hostile forces at home and abroad. 社会主义民主政治具有强大的生命力和优越性。中国共产党和中国人民对自己选择的政治发展道路充满信心，将坚定不移地把中国特色社会主义政治建设推向前进。
Socialist democracy enjoys strong vitality and superiority. The CPC and the Chinese people have full confidence in the road to political development they have chosen and will press ahead with political development under socialism with Chinese characteristics. 六、文化建设和文化体制改革
VI. Cultural Development and Restructuring 　　全面建设小康社会，必须大力发展社会主义文化，建设社会主义精神文明。当今世界，文化与经济和政治相互交融，在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用越来越突出。文化的力量，深深熔铸在民族的生命力、创造力和凝聚力之中。全党同志要深刻认识文化建设的战略意义，推动社会主义文化的发展繁荣。
To build a well-off society in an all-round way calls for major efforts to develop socialist culture and spiritual civilization. In the present-day world, culture is interactive with economic and political activities, and its status and functions are becoming more and more outstanding in the competition in overall national strength. The power of culture is deeply rooted in the vitality, creativity and cohesion of a nation. All Party members must fully understand the strategic significance of cultural development and make socialist culture develop and flourish. （一）牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向。在当代中国，发展先进文化，就是发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化，以不断丰富人们的精神世界，增强人们的精神力量。必须坚持马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论在意识形态领域的指导地位，用“三个代表”重要思想统领社会主义文化建设。坚持为人民服务、为社会主义服务的方向和百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针，弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化。坚持以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以高尚的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人。大力发展先进文化，支持健康有益文化，努力改造落后文化，坚决抵制腐朽文化。文艺工作者要深入群众、深入生活，为人民奉献更多无愧于时代的作品。新闻出版和广播影视必须坚持正确导向，互联网站要成为传播先进文化的重要阵地。立足于改革开放和现代化建设的实践，着眼于世界文化发展的前沿，发扬民族文化的优秀传统，汲取世界各民族的长处，在内容和形式上积极创新，不断增强中国特色社会主义文化的吸引力和感召力。
1. Keep the orientation of advanced culture firmly in hand. In contemporary China, to develop advanced culture means to develop national, scientific and popular socialist culture geared to the needs of modernization, of the world and of the future so as to enrich people's mental world and reinforce their mental strength. We must uphold Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory as our guidelines in the realm of ideology and have the important thought of Three Represents in command of the development of socialist culture. We must keep to the orientation of serving the people and socialism and the principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend and highlight the themes of the times while encouraging diversity. We should continue to arm people with scientific theory, provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with lofty ideals, and inspire them with excellent works of literature and art. We must exert ourselves to develop advanced culture and support healthy and useful culture, changing what is backward and resisting what is decadent. Literary and art workers should go deep among the masses and into the thick of life so as to contribute to the people more works worthy of the times. The press, publishing, radio, film and television must give correct guidance to the public, and Internet web sites should serve as important fronts for spreading advanced culture. Basing ourselves on the practice of reform, opening up and modernization and keeping abreast of the latest developments in world culture, we must carry forward the fine tradition of our national culture, draw on the strong points of other nations and make innovations in content and form so as to enhance the attraction and appeal of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics. （二）坚持弘扬和培育民族精神。民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑。一个民族，没有振奋的精神和高尚的品格，不可能自立于世界民族之林。在五千多年的发展中，中华民族形成了以爱国主义为核心的团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民族精神。我们党领导人民在长期实践中不断结合时代和社会的发展要求，丰富着这个民族精神。面对世界范围各种思想文化的相互激荡，必须把弘扬和培育民族精神作为文化建设极为重要的任务，纳入国民教育全过程，纳入精神文明建设全过程，使全体人民始终保持昂扬向上的精神状态。
2. Continue to carry forward and cultivate the national spirit. National spirit is the moral kingpin on which a nation relies for survival and development. Without an inspiring spirit and lofty character, it is impossible for a nation to stand proudly in the family of nations. For more than 5,000 years, the Chinese nation has evolved a great national spirit centering on patriotism and featuring unity and solidarity, love of peace, industry, courage and ceaseless self-improvement. This national spirit has been enriched in light of the requirements of the times and social

development by the people under the leadership of our Party over along period of practice. Confronted with interaction of different thoughts and cultures in the world, we must take it as a crucial task in our cultural development to carry forward and cultivate the national spirit and incorporate it into our national education and the entire process of building spiritual civilization so that the entire people are always filled with an enterprising spirit. （三）切实加强思想道德建设。依法治国和以德治国相辅相成。要建立与社会主义市场经济相适应、与社会主义法律规范相协调、与中华民族传统美德相承接的社会主义思想道德体系。深入进行党的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领和“三个代表”重要思想的宣传教育，引导人们树立中国特色社会主义共同理想，树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。认真贯彻公民道德建设实施纲要，弘扬爱国主义精神，以为人民服务为核心、以集体主义为原则、以诚实守信为重点，加强社会公德、职业道德和家庭美德教育，特别要加强青少年的思想道德建设，引导人们在遵守基本行为准则的基础上，追求更高的思想道德目标。加强和改进思想政治工作，广泛开展群众性精神文明创建活动。
3. Promote ideological and ethical progress. Ruling the country by law and ruling the country by virtue complement each other. It is necessary to establish a socialist ideological and ethical system compatible with the socialist market economy and the socialist legal standard and consistent with the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. We must carry out intensive publicity and education in the Party's basic theory, line and program and in the important thought of Three Represents, and guide people in fostering a common ideal for socialism with Chinese characteristics, correct world outlook, views on life and values. We must carry out the Program for Improving Civic Morality, promote patriotism and, with serving the people at the core, collectivism as the principle and honesty as a priority, intensify education in social and professional ethics and family virtues and especially intensify the ideological and ethical improvement among youth so as to guide people in their pursuit of higher ideological and ethical standards on the basis of observing the basic code of conduct. We must strengthen and improve ideological and political work and encourage popular participation in building spiritual civilization. （四）大力发展教育和科学事业。教育是发展科学技术和培养人才的基础，在现代化建设中具有先导性全局性作用，必须摆在优先发展的战略地位。全面贯彻党的教育方针，坚持教育为社会主义现代化建设服务，为人民服务，与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。坚持教育创新，深化教育改革，优化教育结构，合理配置教育资源，提高教育质量和管理水平，全面推进素质教育，造就数以亿计的高素质劳动者、数以千万计的专门人才和一大批拔尖创新人才。加强教师队伍建设，提高教师的师德和业务水平。继续普及九年义务教育。加强职业教育和培训，发展继续教育，构建终身教育体系。加大对教育的投入和对农村教育的支持，鼓励社会力量办学。完善国家资助贫困学生的政策和制度。制定科学和技术长远发展规划。加强科学基础设施建设。普及科学知识，弘扬科学精神。坚持社会科学和自然科学并重，充分发挥哲学社会科学在经济和社会发展中的重要作用。在全社会形成崇尚科学、鼓励创新、反对迷信和伪科学的良好氛围。
4. Develop education and science. Education is the foundation for scientific and technological advancement and personnel training. Playing a vanguard role and having an overall bearing on the modernization drive, education must be placed on our development agenda as a strategic priority. We must carry out the Party's education policy that education should serve socialist modernization and the people and integrate itself with productive labor and social practice so as to train socialist builders and successors featuring an all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and art. We should encourage innovation in education, deepen its reform, optimize its structure, allocate its resources rationally, raise its quality and management levels and promote quality-oriented education to cultivate hundreds of millions of high-quality workers, tens of millions of specialized personnel and a great number of top-notch innovative personnel. We should build up the ranks of teachers and raise their professional ethics and competence. We should continue to make nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, intensify vocational education and training, develop continued education and set up a system of life-long education. We should increase input in education, give more support to rural education, and encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools. We should improve the state policy and system for aiding students in straitened circumstances. We should formulate a long-term program for scientific and technological development. We should step up the development of infrastructure for research. We should disseminate science and promote the scientific spirit. We must lay equal stress on social sciences and natural sciences and give full play to the important role of philosophy and other social sciences in economic and social development. It is essential to create an atmosphere in society at large favorable for respecting and promoting science, encouraging innovation and opposing superstition and pseudo-science. （五）积极发展文化事业和文化产业。发展各类文化事业和文化产业都要贯彻发展先进文化的要求，始终把社会效益放在首位。国家支持和保障文化公益事业，并鼓励它们增强自身发展活力。坚持和完善支持文化公益事业发展的政策措施，扶持党和国家重要的新闻媒体和社会科学研究机构，扶持体现民族特色和国家水准的重大文化项目和艺术院团，扶持对重要文化遗产和优秀民间艺术的保护工作，扶持老少边穷地区和中西部地区的文化发展。加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。积极推进卫生体育事业的改革和发展，开展全民健身运动，提高全民健康水平。努力办好二００八年奥运会。发展文化产业是市场经济条件下繁荣社会主义文化、满足人民群众精神文化需求的重要途径。完善文化产业政策，支持文化产业发展，增强我国文化产业的整体实力和竞争力。
5. Develop cultural undertakings and industry. In developing cultural undertakings and industry, it is imperative to meet the requirements of developing advanced culture and always place social effects in the first place. The state supports and protects public cultural undertakings and encourages them to enhance their vigor for self-development. We must continue to improve the policies and measures for the development of public cultural undertakings. We must give our support to the major news media and research institutions of social sciences of the Party and state, to the major cultural projects and art schools and troupes that are up to national standards and embody national characteristics, to the protection of major cultural heritage and outstanding folk arts, and to the cultural development in the old revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, remote areas, impoverished areas and the central and western regions of the country. We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture. We should promote the reform and development of health and sports undertakings and carry on the nationwide fitness campaign to improve the physique of the entire people. We should make the 2008 Olympics a success. Developing the cultural industry is an important avenue to enriching socialist culture in the market economy and to meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of the people. It is essential to improve policies toward the cultural industry, support its development and enhance its overall strength and competitiveness. （六）继续深化文化体制改革。根据社会主义精神文明建设的特点和规律，适应社会主义市场经济发展的要求，推进文化体制改革。抓紧制定文化体制改革的总体方案。把深化改革同调整结构和促进发展结合起来，理顺政府和文化企事业单位的关系，加强文化法制建设，加强宏观管理，深化文化企事业单位内部改革，逐步建立有利于调动文化工作者积极性，推动文化创新，多出精品、多出人才的文化管理体制和运行机制。按照一手抓繁荣、一手抓管理的方针，健全文化市场体系，完善文化市场管理机制，为繁荣社会主义文化创造良好的社会环境。
6. Continue to deepen cultural restructuring. It is necessary to push forward cultural restructuring in light of the characteristics of the development of socialist spiritual civilization and laws governing it and in response to the needs of the growing socialist market economy. We must lose no time in working out overall planning for cultural restructuring. We must integrate the deepening of reform with structural adjustment and promotion of development and straighten out the relationship between the government and cultural enterprises and institutions. We must build up a legal system concerning culture and intensify macro-control. We should deepen the internal reform of cultural enterprises and institutions and gradually establish a management system and operational mechanism favorable to arousing the initiative of cultural workers, encouraging innovation and bringing forth more top-notch works and more outstanding personnel. In compliance with the principle of both enriching culture and intensifying management, we should improve the system of markets for cultural products and their management mechanism to create a social climate favorable for a flourishing socialist culture. 中华文明博大精深、源远流长，为人类文明进步作出了巨大贡献。在当代中国人民的伟大奋斗中，必将迎来社会主义文化建设的新高潮，创造出更加灿烂的先进文化。
The Chinese civilization, extensive and profound, and with a long history behind it, has contributed tremendously to the progress of human civilization. We will surely have a new upsurge in building socialist culture and create an even more splendid advanced culture in the great struggle of the Chinese people in the contemporary era. 七、国防和军队建设
VII. National Defense and Army Building 建立巩固的国防是我国现代化建设的战略任务，是维护国家安全统一和全面建设小康社会的重要保障。坚持国防建设与经济建设协调发展的方针，在经济发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化。
Strengthening our national defense is a strategic task in our modernization drive and an important guarantee for safeguarding our national security and unity and building a well-off society in an all-round way. We must uphold the principle of coordinated development of national defense and the economy and push forward the modernization of national defense and the army on the basis of economic growth. 坚持以毛泽东军事思想、邓小平新时期军队建设思想为指导，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，按照政治合格、军事过硬、作风优良、纪律严明、保障有力的总要求，紧紧围绕打得赢、不变质两个历史性课题，坚定不移地走中国特色的精兵之路，加强军队的革命化现代化正规化建设。
The army must take Mao Zedong's military thinking and Deng Xiaoping's thinking on army building in the new period as the guide to action and fully implement the important thought of Three Represents. It must persist in taking the road of fewer but better troops with Chinese characteristics and become more revolutionary, modernized and regularized in compliance with the general requirements of being qualified politically and competent militarily and having a fine style of work, strict discipline and adequate logistic support and in close connection with the two historic objectives of being capable of winning battles and never degenerating. 始终把思想政治建设摆在军队各项建设的首位，永葆人民军队的性质、本色和作风。党对军队的绝对领导是我军永远不变的军魂，要毫不动摇地坚持党领导人民军队的根本原则和制度。
The army should give first priority to ideological and political development in all its endeavors and retain the nature, quality and style of work worthy of a people's army. The Party's absolute leadership over the army is the eternal soul of the army. There must be no wavering in upholding the fundamental principle and system that the Party leads the people's army. 贯彻积极防御的军事战略方针，提高高技术条件下的防卫作战能力。适应世界军事变革的趋势，实施科技强军战略，加强质量建设。把教育训练摆到战略位置，深入开展科技练兵，加强军队院校建设，培养大批高素质新型军事人才。创新和发展军事理论。努力完成机械化和信息化建设的双重历史任务，实现我军现代化的跨越式发展。
The army must implement the military strategic principle of active defense and raise its defense capabilities and combat effectiveness under high-tech conditions. In response to the trend of military changes in the world, it must carry out the strategy of building a strong army through science and technology and improve its qualities. It should attach strategic importance to education and training, carry on intensive science- and technology-related military training and strengthen the building of military academies and schools so as to bring up a large number of high-quality military personnel of a new type. It is necessary to innovate and develop military theories. Efforts should be made to accomplish the historical tasks of mechanization and IT application, thereby bringing about leapfrog development in the modernization of our army. 探索新的历史条件下治军的特点和规律，推进国防和军队建设的各项改革。优化军队的编成和结构，调整和完善政策制度。坚持从严治军，健全军事法规体系，提高依法治军的水平。坚持勤俭建军，建立和完善三军一体、军民兼容、平战结合的联勤保障体制。深化国防科技工业体制改革，坚持寓军于民，建立健全竞争、评价、监督和激励机制，增强自主创新能力，加快国防科技和武器装备发展。完善国防动员体制，加强民兵和预备役部队建设，发展高技术条件下人民战争的战略战术。武装警察部队要加强全面建设，永远做党和人民的忠诚卫士。
It is necessary to explore the characteristics and laws for running the army under the new historical conditions and press ahead with reforms in the building of national defense and the army. The formation and structure of the army must be optimized and the related policies and systems should be adjusted and improved. The army must be strict with itself and improve the system of military rules and regulations so as to raise the level of handling its affairs according to law. It is essential to persist in building the army through diligence and thrift and establishing and improving an integrated logistic support system for the three armed services, for both military and civilian purposes and for both peacetime and wartime. It is necessary to deepen the restructuring of defense-related science, technology and industry, combine military efforts with civilian support, establish and improve the mechanism of competition, appraisal, supervision and incentives and enhance the capabilities of independent innovation so as to speed up the development of

十六大报告defense-related science and technology as well as arms and equipment. It is necessary to improve the mobilization system for national defense, strengthen the militia and reserves and develop strategies and tactics of the people's war under high-tech conditions. The armed police should strive for all-round improvement and be loyal guards of the Party and the people forever. 各级党组织和政府、广大人民群众要关心、支持国防和军队建设。军队要积极支持和参加国家建设。加强国防教育，增强全民国防观念。拥军优属，拥政爱民，巩固军政军民团结。
Party organizations and governments at all levels and the people should be concerned with and support the building of national defense and the army. The army should support and take an active part in national construction. We should strengthen education in national defense to enhance the entire people's awareness of its importance. The government and the people should support the army and give preferential treatment to the families of servicemen and martyrs, and the army should support the government and cherish the people so as to consolidate the solidarity between the army and the government and between the army and the people. 　　八、“一国两制”和实现祖国的完全统一
VIII. "One Country, Two Systems" and Complete National Reunification 　　实现祖国的完全统一，是海内外中华儿女的共同心愿。我们成功解决了香港问题和澳门问题，正在为早日解决台湾问题、完成祖国统一大业而继续奋斗。
To achieve complete reunification of the motherland is a common aspiration of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation both at home and abroad. We have successfully resolved the questions of Hong Kong and Macao and are striving for an early settlement of the question of Taiwan and for the accomplishment of the great cause of national reunification. 香港和澳门回归祖国，丰富了“一国两制”的理论和实践。事实证明，“一国两制”方针是正确的，具有强大的生命力。我们将坚定不移地实行这一方针，严格按照香港基本法和澳门基本法办事，全力支持香港和澳门两个特别行政区行政长官和政府的工作，广泛团结港澳各界人士，共同维护和促进香港和澳门的繁荣、稳定和发展。
The return of Hong Kong and Macao to the motherland has enriched the concept of "one country, two systems" in both theory and practice. Facts prove that "one country, two systems" is a correct policy and has strong vitality. We will resolutely implement this policy and act in strict accordance with the basic laws of Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions. We will render full support to the chief executives and governments of the two regions in their work and unite with people from all walks of life there in a joint effort to maintain and promote the prosperity, stability and development of Hong Kong and Macao. 我们坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的基本方针和现阶段发展两岸关系、推进祖国和平统一进程的八项主张，同台湾同胞一道，加强两岸人员往来和经济文化等领域的交流，坚决反对台湾分裂势力。两岸关系的基本格局和发展趋势没有改变。台湾同胞求和平、求安定、求发展的意愿日益增强。台湾分裂势力的分裂活动不得人心。
We will adhere to the basic principles of "peaceful reunification" and "one country, two systems" and the eight-point proposal on developing cross-straits relations and advancing the process of peaceful national reunification at the present stage. We will work with our compatriots in Taiwan to step up personnel exchanges and promote economic, cultural and other interflows between the two sides and firmly oppose the Taiwan separatist forces. The basic configuration and development trend of the cross-straits relations remain unchanged. The desire of our Taiwan compatriots for peace, stability and development is growing stronger day by day. The splitting activities by the Taiwan separatist forces are unpopular.
坚持一个中国原则，是发展两岸关系和实现和平统一的基础。世界上只有一个中国，大陆和台湾同属一个中国，中国的主权和领土完整不容分割。对任何旨在制造“台湾独立”、“两个中国”、“一中一台”的言行，我们都坚决反对。台湾前途系于祖国统一。开展对话，进行和平统一谈判，是我们的一贯主张。我们再次呼吁，在一个中国原则的基础上，暂时搁置某些政治争议，尽早恢复两岸对话和谈判。在一个中国的前提下，什么问题都可以谈，可以谈正式结束两岸敌对状态问题，可以谈台湾地区在国际上与其身份相适应的经济文化社会活动空间问题，也可以谈台湾当局的政治地位等问题。我们愿与台湾各党派和各界人士就发展两岸关系、推进和平统一交换意见。
Adherence to the one-China principle is the basis for the development of cross-straits relations and the realization of peaceful reunification. There is but one China in the world, and both the mainland and Taiwan belong to one China. China's sovereignty and territorial integrity brook no division. We firmly oppose all words and deeds aimed at creating "Taiwan independence", "two Chinas" or "one China, one Taiwan". The future of Taiwan lies in the reunification of the motherland. To conduct dialogue and hold negotiations on peaceful reunification has been our consistent position. Here we repeat our appeal: On the basis of the one-China principle, let us shelve for now certain political disputes and resume the cross-straits dialogue and negotiations as soon as possible. On the premise of the one-China principle, all issues can be discussed. We may discuss how to end the cross-straits hostility formally. We may also discuss the international space in which the Taiwan region may conduct economic, cultural and social activities compatible with its status, or discuss the political status of the Taiwan authorities or other issues. We are willing to exchange views with all political parties and personages of all circles in Taiwan on the development of cross-straits relations and the promotion of peaceful reunification. 解决台湾问题、实现祖国的完全统一，我们寄希望于台湾人民。台湾同胞具有光荣的爱国主义传统，是发展两岸关系的重要力量。我们充分尊重台湾同胞的生活方式和当家作主的愿望。两岸应该扩大交流交往，共同弘扬中华文化的优秀传统。实现两岸直接通邮、通航和通商，是两岸同胞的共同利益所在，完全应该采取实际步骤积极推进，开创两岸经济合作的新局面。
We place our hopes on the people in Taiwan for the settlement of the Taiwan question and the realization of the complete reunification of China. Our compatriots in Taiwan have a glorious patriotic tradition and are an important force in developing cross-straits relations. We fully respect their life style and their wish to be the masters of our country. The two sides should expand mutual contacts and exchanges and work together to carry forward the fine tradition of the Chinese culture. As the direct links of mail, air and shipping services, and trade across the Taiwan Straits serve the common interests of the compatriots on both sides, there is every reason to take practical and positive steps to promote such direct links and open up new prospects for cross-straits economic cooperation. “一国两制”是两岸统一的最佳方式。两岸统一后，台湾可以保持原有的社会制度不变，高度自治。台湾同胞的生活方式不变，他们的切身利益将得到充分保障，永享太平。台湾经济将真正以祖国大陆为腹地，获得广阔的发展空间。台湾同胞可以同大陆同胞一道，行使管理国家的权利，共享伟大祖国在国际上的尊严和荣誉。
"One country, two systems" is the best way for the reunification between the two sides. After its reunification with the mainland, Taiwan may keep its existing social system unchanged and enjoy a high degree of autonomy. Our Taiwan compatriots may keep their way of life unchanged, and their vital interests will be fully guaranteed. They will enjoy a lasting peace. Taiwan may then truly rely on the mainland as its hinterland for economic growth and thus get broad space for development. Our Taiwan compatriots may join the people on the mainland in exercising the right to administer the country and sharing the dignity and honor of the great motherland in the international community. 两千三百万台湾同胞是我们的手足兄弟，没有人比我们更希望通过和平的方式解决台湾问题。我们将继续坚持“和平统一、一国两制”的基本方针，贯彻八项主张，以最大的诚意、尽最大的努力争取和平统一的前景。我们决不承诺放弃使用武力，不是针对台湾同胞的，而是针对外国势力干涉中国统一和台湾分裂势力搞“台湾独立”图谋的。维护祖国统一事关中华民族的根本利益，中国人民将义无反顾地捍卫国家主权和领土完整，绝不允许任何人以任何方式把台湾从中国分割出去。
The 23 million Taiwan compatriots are our brothers and sisters of the same blood. No one is more eager than we are to resolve the Taiwan question through peaceful means. We will continue to implement the basic principles of "peaceful reunification" and "one country, two systems" and act on the eight-point proposal. We will work in utmost sincerity and do all we can to strive for a peaceful reunification. Our position of never undertaking to renounce the use of force is not directed at our Taiwan compatriots. It is aimed at the foreign forces' attempts to interfere in China's reunification and the Taiwan separatist forces' schemes for "Taiwan independence". To safeguard national unity bears on the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. We Chinese people will safeguard our state sovereignty and territorial integrity with firm resolve. We will never allow anyone to separate Taiwan from China in any way. 国家要统一，民族要复兴，台湾问题不能无限期地拖延下去。我们坚信，通过全体中华儿女共同努力，祖国的完全统一就一定能够早日实现。
China will be reunified, and the Chinese nation will be rejuvenated. The Taiwan question must not be allowed to drag on indefinitely. We are convinced that with the concerted efforts of all sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, the complete reunification of the motherland will be achieved at an early date. 九、际形势和对外工作　　 IX. The International Situation and Our External Work 　　和平与发展仍是当今时代的主题。维护和平，促进发展，事关各国人民的福祉，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可阻挡的历史潮流。世界多极化和经济全球化趋势的发展，给世界的和平与发展带来了机遇和有利条件。新的世界大战在可预见的时期内打不起来。争取较长时期的和平国际环境和良好周边环境是可以实现的。
Peace and development remain the themes of our era. To preserve peace and promote development bears on the well-being of all nations and represents the common aspirations of all peoples. It is an irresistible trend of history. The growing trends toward world multipolarization and economic globalization have brought with them opportunities and favorable conditions for world peace and development. A new world war is unlikely in the foreseeable future. It is realistic to bring about a fairly long period of peace in the world and a favorable climate in areas around China. 但是，不公正不合理的国际政治经济旧秩序没有根本改变。影响和平与发展的不确定因素在增加。传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁的因素相互交织，恐怖主义危害上升。霸权主义和强权政治有新的表现。民族、宗教矛盾和边界、领土争端导致的局部冲突时起时伏。南北差距进一步扩大。世界还很不安宁，人类面临着许多严峻挑战。
However, the old international political and economic order, which is unfair and irrational, has yet to be changed fundamentally. Uncertainties affecting peace and development are on the rise. The elements of traditional and non-traditional threats to security are intertwined, and the scourge of terrorism is more acutely felt. Hegemonism and power politics have new manifestations. Local conflicts triggered by ethnic or religious contradictions and border or territorial disputes have cropped up from time to time. The North-South gap is widening. The world is far from being tranquil and mankind is faced with many grave challenges. 不管国际风云如何变幻，我们始终不渝地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。中国外交政策的宗旨，是维护世界和平，促进共同发展。我们愿同各国人民一道，共同推进世界和平与发展的崇高事业。
No matter how the international situation changes, we will, as always, pursue the independent foreign policy of peace. The purpose of China's foreign policy is to maintain world peace and promote common development. We are ready to work with all nations to advance the lofty cause of world peace and development. 我们主张顺应历史潮流，维护全人类的共同利益。我们愿与国际社会共同努力，积极促进世界多极化，推动多种力量和谐并存，保持国际社会的稳定；积极促进经济全球化朝着有利于实现共同繁荣的方向发展，趋利避害，使各国特别是发展中国家都从中受益。
We stand for going along with the historical tide and safeguarding the common interests of mankind. We are ready to work with the international community to boost world multipolarization, promote a harmonious coexistence of diverse forces and maintain stability in the international community. We will promote the development of economic globalization in a direction conducive to common prosperity, draw on its advantages and avoid its disadvantages so that all countries, particularly developing countries, can benefit from the process. 我们主张建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序。各国政治上应相互尊重，共同协商，而不应把自己的意志强加于人；经济上应相互促进，共同发展，而不应造成贫富悬殊；文化上应相互借鉴，共同繁荣，而不应排斥其他民族的文化；安全上应相互信任，共同维护，树立互信、互利、平等和协作的新安全观，通过对话和合作解决争端，而不应诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。反对各种形式的霸权主义和强权政治。中国永远不称霸，永远不搞扩张。

十六大中英文对照We stand for establishing a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational. Politically all countries should respect and consult one another and should not seek to impose their will on others. Economically they should complement one another and pursue common development and should not create a polarization of wealth. Culturally they should learn from one another and work for common prosperity and should not exclude cultures of other nations. In the area of security, countries should trust one another and work together to maintain security, foster a new security concept featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination, and settle their disputes through dialogue and cooperation and should not resort to the use or threat of force. We oppose all forms of hegemonism and power politics. China will never seek hegemony and never go in for expansion. 我们主张维护世界多样性，提倡国际关系民主化和发展模式多样化。世界是丰富多彩的。世界上的各种文明、不同的社会制度和发展道路应彼此尊重，在竞争比较中取长补短，在求同存异中共同发展。各国的事情应由各国人民自己决定，世界上的事情应由各国平等协商。
We stand for maintaining the diversity of the world and are in favor of promoting democracy in international relations and diversifying development models. Ours is a colorful world. Countries having different civilizations and social systems and taking different roads to development should respect one another and draw upon one another's strong points through competition and comparison and should develop side by side by seeking common ground while shelving differences. The affairs of each country should be left to the people of that country to decide. World affairs should be determined by all countries concerned through consultations on the basis of equality. 我们主张反对一切形式的恐怖主义。要加强国际合作，标本兼治，防范和打击恐怖活动，努力消除产生恐怖主义的根源。
We stand for fighting against terrorism of all forms. It is imperative to strengthen international cooperation in this regard, address both the symptoms and root causes of terrorism, prevent and combat terrorist activities and work hard to eliminate terrorism at root. 我们将继续改善和发展同发达国家的关系，以各国人民的根本利益为重，不计较社会制度和意识形态的差别，在和平共处五项原则的基础上，扩大共同利益的汇合点，妥善解决分歧。
We will continue to improve and develop relations with the developed countries. Proceeding from the fundamental interests of the people of all countries concerned, we will broaden the converging points of common interests and properly settle differences on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, notwithstanding the differences in social system and ideology. 我们将继续加强睦邻友好，坚持与邻为善、以邻为伴，加强区域合作，把同周边国家的交流和合作推向新水平。
We will continue to cement our friendly ties with our neighbors and persist in building a good-neighborly relationship and partnership with them. We will step up regional cooperation and bring our exchanges and cooperation with our surrounding countries to a new height. 我们将继续增强同第三世界的团结和合作，增进相互理解和信任，加强相互帮助和支持，拓宽合作领域，提高合作效果。
We will continue to enhance our solidarity and cooperation with other third world countries, increase mutual understanding and trust and strengthen mutual help and support. We will enlarge areas of cooperation and make it more fruitful. 我们将继续积极参与多边外交活动，在联合国和其他国际及区域性组织中发挥作用，支持发展中国家维护自身的正当权益。
We will continue to take an active part in multilateral diplomatic activities and play our role in the United Nations and other international or regional organizations. We will support other developing countries in their efforts to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. 我们将继续坚持独立自主、完全平等、互相尊重、互不干涉内部事务的原则，同各国各地区政党和政治组织发展交流和合作。
We will continue to develop exchanges and cooperation with political parties and organizations of all countries and regions on the principles of independence, complete equality, mutual respect and noninterference in each other's internal affairs. 我们将继续广泛开展民间外交，扩大对外文化交流，增进人民之间的友谊，推动国家关系的发展。
We will continue to carry out extensive people-to-people diplomacy, expand cultural exchanges with the outside world, enhance the friendship between peoples and propel the development of state-to-state relations. 世界正向着光明和进步的目标迈进。道路是曲折的，前途是光明的。和平的力量，正义的力量，进步的力量，终究是不可战胜的。
The world is marching toward brightness and progress. The road is tortuous, but the future is bright. The forces for peace, justice and progress are invincible after all. 　　十、强和改进党的建设　　
X. Strengthen and Improve Party Building 　　在我们这样一个多民族的发展中大国，要把全体人民的意志和力量凝聚起来，全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化，必须毫不放松地加强和改善党的领导，全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程。
In a large multi-ethnic developing country like ours, we must spare no efforts to strengthen and improve the Party's leadership and fully advance the great new undertaking of Party building if we are to rally the entire people to work heart and soul in building a well-off society in an all-round way and speed up the socialist modernization drive. 加强和改进党的建设，一定要高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，保证党的路线方针政策全面反映人民的根本利益和时代发展的要求；一定要坚持党要管党、从严治党的方针，进一步解决提高党的领导水平和执政水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力这两大历史性课题；一定要准确把握当代中国社会前进的脉搏，改革和完善党的领导方式和执政方式、领导体制和工作制度，使党的工作充满活力；一定要把思想建设、组织建设和作风建设有机结合起来，把制度建设贯穿其中，既立足于做好经常性工作，又抓紧解决存在的突出问题。通过锲而不舍的努力，保证我们党始终是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，始终是中国特色社会主义事业的领导核心，始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。
To strengthen and improve Party building, we must hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, implement the important thought of Three Represents in a comprehensive way and ensure that the Party's line, principles and policies fully reflect the fundamental interests of the people and the requirements of development of our times. We must adhere to the principle that the Party exercises self-discipline and is strict with its members, and further address the two major historical subjects of how to enhance the Party's art of leadership and governance and how to raise the Party's capacity to resist corruption, prevent degeneration and withstand risks. We must acquire an accurate understanding of social progress in contemporary China, and reform and improve the Party's way of leadership and governance and its leadership and working systems so that the Party will be full of vigor and vitality in its work. We must proceed with Party building ideologically, organizationally and in work style in parallel with institutional improvement, not only ensuring a good performance of our day-to-day work, but also tackling prominent issues in good time. Unyielding efforts will be made to ensure that our Party is forever the vanguard both of the Chinese working class and of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation as well as the core of leadership in building socialism with Chinese characteristics and that it always represents the development trend of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of China's advanced culture and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people. （一）深入学习贯彻“三个代表”重要思想，提高全党的马克思主义理论水平。党在思想理论上的提高，是党和国家事业不断发展的思想保证。必须把党的思想理论建设摆在更加突出的位置。坚持用马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和邓小平理论武装全体党员，在全党兴起一个学习贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的新高潮。党员干部特别是高中级干部要带头学习和实践“三个代表”重要思想，成为勤奋学习、善于思考的模范，解放思想、与时俱进的模范，勇于实践、锐意创新的模范。在全党深入进行马克思主义发展史的教育，大力弘扬求真务实、开拓进取的精神，不断深化对共产党执政规律、社会主义建设规律和人类社会发展规律的认识，不断丰富和发展马克思主义。
1. Study and implement the important thought of Three Represents intensively and raise all Party members' level of the Marxist theory. The rise in the Party's ideological and theoretical level is an ideological guarantee for continued progress of the cause of our Party and state. We must highlight the Party's ideological and theoretical building. We must continue to arm all Party members with Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thoughtand Deng Xiaoping Theory and usher in a new upsurge in the study and implementation of the important thought of Three Represents. Party members and cadres, particularly senior and middle-rank cadres, should take the lead in studying and acting on the important thought of Three Represents. They should play an exemplary role in studying diligently, using their brains, emancipating their minds, keeping pace with the times and boldly engaging in practice and innovation. We will carry out an intensive education among all Party members in the history of development of Marxism and promote the truth-seeking and pioneering spirit. We will deepen our understanding of the laws on governance by the Communist Party, on building socialism and on development of huma society and constantly enrich and develop Marxism. （二）加强党的执政能力建设，提高党的领导水平和执政水平。面对执政条件和社会环境的深刻变化，各级党委和领导干部要不辱使命、不负重托，就要适应新形势新任务的要求，在实践中掌握新知识，积累新经验，增长新本领。必须以宽广的眼界观察世界，正确把握时代发展的要求，善于进行理论思维和战略思维，不断提高科学判断形势的能力；必须坚持按照客观规律和科学规律办事，及时研究解决改革和建设中的新情况新问题，善于抓住机遇加快发展，不断提高驾驭市场经济的能力；必须正确认识和处理各种社会矛盾，善于协调不同利益关系和克服各种困难，不断提高应对复杂局面的能力；必须增强法制观念，善于把坚持党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国统一起来，不断提高依法执政的能力；必须立足全党全国工作大局，坚定不移地贯彻党的路线方针政策，善于结合实际创造性地开展工作，不断提高总揽全局的能力。
2. Build up the Party's governing capacity and improve its art of leadership and governance. Faced with profound changes in the conditions of governance and social environment, Party committees and leading cadres at all levels must, in response to the requirements of the new situation and new tasks, acquire new knowledge, accumulate new experience and develop new abilities in practice, thus living up to the mission assigned to them and the full trust placed on them. They must view the world with broad vision, acquire a correct understanding of the requirements of the times and be good at thinking on a theoretical plane and in a strategic perspective so as to improve their ability of sizing up the situation in a scientific way. They must act in compliance with objective and scientific laws, address promptly the new situation and problems in reform and development, know how to seize opportunities to accelerate development and enhance their abilities of keeping the market economy well in hand. They must correctly understand and handle various social contradictions, know how to balance the relations among different interests, overcome difficulties and go on improving their ability of coping with complicated situations. They must enhance their awareness of law and know how to integrate the adherence to Party leadership and the people being the masters of the country with ruling the country by law and improve their abilities of exercising state power according to law. They must base themselves on the overall interests of the work of the entire Party and the whole country, firmly implement the Party's line, principles and policies, work creatively in light of realities and keep enhancing their ability of commanding the whole situation. （三）坚持和健全民主集中制，增强党的活力和团结统一。民主集中制是民主基础上的集中和集中指导下的民主相结合的制度。党内民主是党的生命，对人民民主具有重要的示范和带动作用。要以保障党员民主权利为基础，以完善党的代表大会制度和党的委员会制度为重点，从改革体制机制入手，建立健全充分反映党员和党组织意愿的党内民主制度。扩大在市、县进行党的代表大会常任制的试点。积极探索党的代表大会闭会期间发挥代表作用的途径和形式。按照集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定的原则，完善党委内部的议事和决策机制，进一步发挥党的委员会全体会议的作用。改革和完善党内选举制度。建立和完善党内情况通报制度、情况反映制度和重大决策征求意见制度。党和国家的集中统一，是全国各族人民的根本利益所在。在指导思想和路线方针政策以及重大原则问题上，全党全国必须保持高度一致。全党同志必须自觉坚持个人服从组织、少数服从多数、下级组织服从上级组织、全党服从党的全国代表大会和中央委员会的原则，坚决维护中央权威，保证中央的政令畅通。党的各级组织和全体党员特别是领导干部，都要严格遵守党的纪律，决不允许有令不行、有禁不止、各行其是。
3. Adhere to and improve democratic centralism and enhance the Party's vitality, solidarity and unity. Democratic centralism is a system that integrates centralism on the basis of democracy with democracy under centralized guidance. Inner-Party democracy is the life of the Party and plays an

十六大报告important exemplary and leading role in people's democracy. We should establish and improve an inner-Party democratic system that fully reflects the will of Party members and organizations, starting with the reform of the relevant systems and mechanisms on the basis of guaranteeing the democratic rights of Party members and giving priority to improving the systems of Party congresses and of Party committees. The system of Party congresses with regular annual conferences should be tried out in more cities and counties. We should explore ways to give play to the role of delegates when Party congresses are not in session. In accordance with the principle of collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual consultations and decision by meetings, we should improve the rules of procedure and decision-making mechanism within Party committees in order to give fuller play to the role of plenary sessions of Party committees. We need to reform and improve the inner-Party electoral system. We should establish and improve inner-Party information sharing and reporting systems and the system of soliciting opinions concerning major policy decisions. The centralization and unity of the Party and state are where the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups lie. The whole Party and the entire nation must maintain a high degree of unity with regard to the guiding ideology, line, principles and policies and major questions of principle. All Party members must consciously abide by the principle that individual Party members are subordinate to the organization, that the minority is subordinate to the majority, that lower Party organizations are subordinate to the higher ones and that all the constituent organizations and members of the Party are subordinate to its National Congress and Central Committee. They must safeguard the authority of the Central Committee and ensure that its decisions are carried out without fail. Party organizations at all levels and all Party members, leading cadres in particular, must strictly abide by Party discipline. Under no circumstances should they be allowed to go their own ways in disregard of orders and prohibitions. （四）建设高素质的领导干部队伍，形成朝气蓬勃、奋发有为的领导层。按照革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化方针，建设一支能够担当重任、经得起风浪考验的高素质的领导干部队伍，特别是培养造就大批善于治党治国治军的优秀领导人才，是党和国家长治久安的根本大计。要认真贯彻领导干部选拔任用条例，注重在改革和建设的实践中考察和识别干部，把那些德才兼备、实绩突出和群众公认的人及时选拔到领导岗位上来。加大培养选拔优秀年轻干部的工作力度，着重帮助他们加强党性修养、理论学习和实践锻炼，全面提高自身素质。进一步做好培养选拔妇女干部、少数民族干部和党外干部的工作。继续做好离退休干部工作。以提高素质、优化结构、改进作风和增强团结为重点，把各级领导班子建设成为坚持贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的坚强领导集体。必须不断培养和造就中国特色社会主义事业的接班人，确保党和人民的事业后继有人。
4. Build a contingent of high-caliber leading cadres and form an energetic and promising leadership. It is a matter of vital importance for maintaining prolonged stability of the Party and state to build a contingent of high-caliber leading cadres capable of assuming heavy responsibilities and withstanding the test of trials and tribulations, and especially to train a large number of outstanding leading cadres for the mission of running the Party, state and army in accordance with the principle of bringing up more revolutionary, younger, better educated and more professionally competent cadres. We should conscientiously implement the regulations on the selection and appointment of leading cadres and make a point of testing and identifying cadres in the practice of reform and development so as to promote to leading positions in good time those who are accredited with ability, integrity and outstanding performance and enjoy popular support. We should make greater efforts to train and select outstanding young cadres, helping them cultivate their Party spirit, pursue theoretical study and gain practical experience so that they will improve in all respects. We should do a better job of training and selecting women cadres, cadres from among ethnic minorities and non-Party cadres. We should continue to do well the work related to retired cadres. We should turn the leading bodies of the Party at all levels into staunch collectives that firmly implement the important thought of Three Represents mainly by improving their qualities, optimizing their composition, refining their work style and enhancing solidarity. We should train more and more successors to the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics so that the cause of the Party and people will be carried forward. （五）切实做好基层党建工作，增强党的阶级基础和扩大党的群众基础。党的基层组织是党的全部工作和战斗力的基础，应该成为贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的组织者、推动者和实践者。要坚持围绕中心、服务大局，拓宽领域、强化功能，扩大党的工作的覆盖面，不断提高党的基层组织的凝聚力和战斗力。加强以村党组织为核心的村级组织配套建设，探索让干部经常受教育、使农民长期得实惠的有效途径。搞好国有企业和集体企业必须坚持全心全意依靠工人阶级，企业党组织要积极参与企业重大问题的决策，充分发挥政治核心作用。加强非公有制企业党的建设，企业党组织要贯彻党的方针政策，引导和监督企业遵守国家的法律法规，领导工会和共青团等群众组织，团结凝聚职工群众，维护各方的合法权益，促进企业健康发展。高度重视社区党的建设，以服务群众为重点，构建城市社区党建工作新格局。加大在社会团体和社会中介组织中建立党组织的工作力度。全面做好机关党建工作和学校、科研院所、文化团体等事业单位的党建工作。
5. Build the Party well at the primary level, reinforce its class foundation and expand its mass base. The primary organizations of the Party constitute its foundation for doing all its work and building up its combat effectiveness. They should organize, motivate and practice the implementation of the important thought of Three Represents. We should, by focusing on the central task and serving the overall interests, broaden the fields of our endeavor, intensify our functions and expand the coverage of the Party's work so as to increase the rallying power and combat effectiveness of primary organizations. We should strengthen the building of village-level supporting organizations which rally around village Party organizations, and explore effective ways that will enable cadres to receive education regularly and farmers to get long-term tangible benefits. In order that state-owned and collective enterprises operate well, we must persistently rely on the working class wholeheartedly, and Party organizations in those enterprises should take an active part in the decision-making on major issues and give full play to their role as the political core. We should strengthen Party building in enterprises of the non-public sectors. Party organizations in enterprises must carry out the Party's principles and policies, and provide guidance to and supervise the enterprises in observing the laws and regulations of the state. They should exercise leadership over trade unions, the Communist Youth League and other mass organizations, rally the workers around them, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of all quarters and stimulate the healthy development of the enterprises. We should attach great importance to Party building in communities, striving to bring about a new pattern in Party building in urban communities, with the focus on serving the people. We should intensify our efforts to establish Party organizations in mass organizations and intermediaries. We should fully carry out Party building in Party and government organs as well as schools, research institutions, cultural groups and other institutions. 共产党员必须发挥先锋模范作用，牢固树立共产主义远大理想和中国特色社会主义坚定信念，脚踏实地地为实现党在现阶段的基本纲领而奋斗。在全党开展以实践“三个代表”重要思想为主要内容的保持共产党员先进性教育活动。重点做好在工人、农民、知识分子、军人和干部中发展党员的工作，壮大党的队伍最基本的组成部分和骨干力量。注意在生产、工作第一线和高知识群体、青年中发展党员。要把承认党的纲领和章程、自觉为党的路线和纲领而奋斗、经过长期考验、符合党员条件的其他社会阶层的先进分子吸收到党内来，增强党在全社会的影响力和凝聚力。适应新形势，探索党员管理工作的新机制新方法。
Party members must play their vanguard and exemplary role, foster the lofty ideal of communism, fortify their conviction in socialism with Chinese characteristics and work hard to realize the Party's basic program for the current stage. We need to carry out Party-wide education to maintain the progressiveness of Party members mainly by putting the important thought of Three Represents into practice. We should recruit Party members mainly from among workers, farmers, intellectuals, servicemen and cadres, thus expanding the basic components and backbone of the Party. We should make a point of recruiting Party members from among those in the forefront of work and production and from among the prominent intellectuals and young people. We should admit into the Party advanced elements of other social strata who accept the Party's program and Constitution, work for the realization of the Party's line and program consciously and meet the qualifications of Party membership following a long period of test, in order to increase the influence and rallying force of the Party in society at large. We must, in light of the new situation, seek new mechanisms and methods for the management of Party membership. （六）加强和改进党的作风建设，深入开展反腐败斗争。推进党的作风建设，核心是保持党同人民群众的血肉联系。我们党的最大政治优势是密切联系群众，党执政后的最大危险是脱离群众。在任何时候任何情况下，都必须坚持党的群众路线，坚持全心全意为人民服务的宗旨，把实现人民群众的利益作为一切工作的出发点和归宿。要以立党为公、执政为民为根本目的，发扬党的优良传统和作风，按照中央提出的“八个坚持、八个反对”，一靠教育，二靠制度，正确开展批评与自我批评，着力解决党的思想作风、学风、工作作风、领导作风和干部生活作风方面的突出问题，特别是要防止和克服形式主义、官僚主义。认真研究我国社会生活的新变化和群众工作的新特点，把加强和改进群众工作贯彻到党的建设和政权建设的各项工作中去。共产党员首先是各级领导干部，都要努力运用说服教育、示范引导和提供服务等方法，做好新形势下的群众工作，团结和带领群众不断前进。
6. Strengthen and improve the Party's style of work and intensify the struggle against corruption. The key to improving the Party's style of work lies in keeping the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people. The biggest political advantage of our Party lies in its close ties with the masses while the biggest potential danger for it as a ruling party comes from its divorce from them. We must at all times and under all circumstances adhere to the Party's mass line, and to the purpose of serving the people heart and soul and regard the people's interests as the starting point and goal of all our work. We must carry forward the fine tradition and style of our Party, bearing in mind the fundamental principle that the Party is built for the public and that it exercises state power for the people. We must make effective efforts to resolve the outstanding issues in respect of the way of thinking, study and work of our Party, its style of leadership and its cadres' way of life and especially to prevent and overcome formalism and bureaucracy by acting on the principle of the "eight do's" and "eight don'ts" (*Note 2) put forward by the Party Central Committee, by resorting to both educational and institutional means and by correctly conducting criticism and self-criticism. Closely following the new changes in social activities and carefully studying the new features of our mass work, we must strengthen and improve such work throughout the process of building the Party and political power. All Party members, primarily leading cadres at all levels, must do mass work well in light of the new situation and, by persuading, setting examples and providing services, unite and lead the masses in making progress. 坚决反对和防止腐败，是全党一项重大的政治任务。不坚决惩治腐败，党同人民群众的血肉联系就会受到严重损害，党的执政地位就有丧失的危险，党就有可能走向自我毁灭。在长期执政的条件下，在对外开放和发展社会主义市场经济的环境中，党必须十分注重防范各种腐朽思想的侵蚀，维护党的队伍的纯洁。各级党委既要充分认识反腐败斗争的紧迫性，又要充分认识其长期性，坚定信心，扎实工作，旗帜鲜明、毫不动摇地把反腐败斗争深入进行下去。进一步抓好领导干部廉洁自律、查处大案要案、纠正部门和行业不正之风的工作。坚持标本兼治、综合治理的方针，逐步加大治本的力度。加强教育，发展民主，健全法制，强化监督，创新体制，把反腐败寓于各项重要政策措施之中，从源头上预防和解决腐败问题。坚持和完善反腐败领导体制和工作机制，认真落实党风廉政建设责任制，形成防止和惩治腐败的合力。领导干部特别是高级干部，必须以身作则，正确行使手中的权力，始终做到清正廉洁，自觉地与各种腐败现象作坚决斗争。对任何腐败分子都必须彻底查处、严惩不贷。
To combat and prevent corruption resolutely is a major political task of the whole Party. If we do not crack down on corruption, the flesh-and-blood ties between the Party and the people will suffer a lot and the Party will be in danger of losing its ruling position, or possibly heading for self-destruction. Against the background of its long-term governance and China's opening up and development of the socialist market economy, the Party must be on full alert against corrosion by all decadent ideas and maintain the purity of its membership. Party committees at all levels must fully recognize the urgency as well as the protracted nature of the fight against corruption. They should enhance confidence, do a solid job, take a clear-cut stand and never waver in carrying on the fight in depth. We should work still harder to make sure that our leading cadres are clean, honest and self-disciplined, and see to it that major corruption cases are investigated and dealt with. Malpractices in departments and trades and services must be corrected. We must adhere to the principle of addressing both symptoms and root causes of corruption and taking comprehensive measures to rectify both while devoting greater efforts gradually to tackling the latter. We must strengthen education, develop democracy, improve the legal system, tighten supervision, make institutional innovation and incorporate counter-corruption in all our major policy measures so as to prevent and tackle corruption at its source. We must uphold and improve the leadership system and working mechanism against corruption and earnestly implement the responsibility system for improving the Party's work style and building clean government, in a concerted effort to prevent and punish corruption. Leading cadres, particularly senior ones, should play an exemplary role in exercising the power in their hands correctly. They must always be honest and upright and take the initiative to crack down on all forms of corruption. All corruptionists must be thoroughly investigated and punished without leniency. 全党同志始终保持共产党人的蓬勃朝气、昂扬锐气和浩然正气，永远同人民群众心连心，我们党的执政基础就坚如磐石。
So long as all Party comrades always maintain the vigor and vitality, dashing spirit and integrity as Communists and have the people at heart, the foundation of our Party's governance will remain rock solid. 同志们！全面建设小康社会，开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面，就是要在中国共产党的坚强领导下，发展社会主义市场经济、社会主义民主政治和社会主义先进文化，不断促进社会主义物质文明、政治文明和精神文明的协调发展，推进中华民族的伟大复兴。
Comrades, To build a well-off society in an all-round way and create a new situation in building socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is essential, under the firm leadership of the CPC, to develop

十六大报告中英文对照a socialist market economy, socialist democracy and an advanced socialist culture, keep the coordinated development of the socialist material, political and spiritual civilizations, and bring about the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 中国共产党深深扎根于中华民族之中。党从成立那一天起，就是中国工人阶级的先锋队，同时是中国人民和中华民族的先锋队，肩负着实现中华民族伟大复兴的庄严使命。在新民主主义革命时期，我们党团结和带领全国各族人民完成民族独立和人民解放的历史任务，为实现中华民族伟大复兴创造了前提。新中国成立后，我们党创造性地完成由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡，实现中国历史上最伟大最深刻的社会变革，开始了在社会主义道路上实现中华民族伟大复兴的历史征程。十一届三中全会以来，我们党找到建设中国特色社会主义的正确道路，赋予民族复兴新的强大生机。中华民族的伟大复兴展现出灿烂的前景。
The CPC is deeply rooted in the Chinese nation. Since the very day of its founding, it has been the vanguard of the Chinese working class and also of the Chinese people and the Chinese nation, shouldering the grand mission of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. During the new-democratic revolution, our Party united and led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups in fulfilling the historic task of winning national independence and people's liberation, thus laying the groundwork for our great national rejuvenation. After the founding of New China, our Party creatively completed the transition from New Democracy to socialism, the greatest and most profound social transformation ever in China's history, and embarked on a socialist road and the historical journey to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Since the Third Plenary Session of its Eleventh Central Committee, our Party has found the correct road to socialism with Chinese characteristics, injecting new and greater vitality into our drive for national rejuvenation. Splendid prospects present themselves before the great cause of rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 　全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化，使社会主义中国发展和富强起来，为人类进步事业作出更大贡献，这是我们党必须勇敢担负起来的历史任务。完成这个任务，必须紧紧依靠全党和全国各族人民的团结。团结就是力量，团结就是胜利。我们党和我国人民经历了艰难曲折，积累了丰富经验，愈益成熟起来。面对很不安宁的世界，面对艰巨繁重的任务，全党同志一定要增强忧患意识，居安思危，清醒地看到日趋激烈的国际竞争带来的严峻挑战，清醒地看到前进道路上的困难和风险，倍加顾全大局，倍加珍视团结，倍加维护稳定。
To build a well-off society in an all-round way, step up the socialist modernization drive and make socialist China a stronger and more prosperous country, thus contributing still more to the cause of human progress - this is a historical mission our Party must take on with courage. The fulfillment of this mission inevitably depends on the solidarity of the Party and that of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups. Solidarity means strength; solidarity means victory. After going through all the hardships and setbacks, our Party and people have gained rich experience and become increasingly mature. In the face of a world that is far from being tranquil and the formidable tasks before us, all Party members must be mindful of the potential danger and stay prepared against adversities in times of peace. We must be keenly aware of the rigorous challenges brought about by the ever-sharpening international competition as well as risks and difficulties that may arise on our road ahead. We must bear in mind the overall interests of our Party all the more deeply, cherish the solidarity all the more dearly and safeguard stability all the more firmly. 　　全党同志和全国各族人民，紧密团结在党中央周围，万众一心，奋发图强，把中国特色社会主义事业不断推向前进，共同创造我们的幸福生活和美好未来！
All Party comrades and the people of all ethnic groups of the country, let us rally closely around the Party Central Committee and work with one heart and one mind in a joint and unyielding effort to advance the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and create a happier life and a better future for us all! 　
*Note 1 - The Four Cardinal Principles are: to keep to the socialist road and to uphold the people's democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Communist Party, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. *Note 2 - The "eight do's" and "eight don'ts" are: 1. Emancipate the mind and seek truth from facts; do not stick to old ways and make no progress. 2. Combine theory with practice; do not copy mechanically or take to book worship. 3. Keep close ties with the people; do not go in for formalism and bureaucracy. 4. Adhere to the principle of democratic centralism; do not act arbitrarily or stay feeble and lax. 5. Abide by Party discipline; do not pursue liberalism. 6. Be honest and upright; do not abuse power for personal gains. 7. Work hard; do not indulge in hedonism. 8. Appoint people on their merits; do not resort to malpractice in personnel placement.

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