摘 要:违宪审查制度是维护宪法权威,保证宪法实施的重要手段。但是,就我国目前的违宪审查制度而言,尚存在违宪审查的主体不明确,缺乏专门审查机构等诸多缺陷。鉴于此,本文在全面分析违宪审查基本构成要素的基础上,立足于中国实际,通过对国外三种违宪审查模式的比较衡平,认为我国实行专门机构违宪审查模式最为适宜,即设立独立的宪法委员会,将最高国家权力机关的宪法监督与宪法委员会的专门违宪审查结合起来,以宪法委员会为主的违宪审查体制,并从宪法委员会的性质、职权、程序、效力等方面进行了具体的构想。
关键词:违宪审查;违宪审查模式;宪法委员会
The System of Judicial Review and Perfection in China
Abstract:The system of judicial review is a important instrument to maintain Constitutional authority and to guarantee the Constitution to be carried out . Nevertheless, with regard to the situation of our country, there are still some deficiency currently, for instance , ambiguity of main body of judicial review, lack of special organization for judicial review, etc.Therefore, in this study, considering Chinese reality we try to analyze these basal inscapes roundly and compare the system of judicial review in our county with three overseas patterns of judicial review. Accordingly, I hold that the pattern of special organization for judicial review is suited to our country, namely , the unaided Constitutional committee. We can combine the Constitutional supervision of the highest organ of state power with the special judicial review of Constitutional committee, and make the special judicial review of Constitutional committee be central censorship.
Key words:judicial review;patterns of judicial review;constitutional committee
一、 违宪审查制度的基本概述
(一) 违宪审查的概念
违宪审查,是指享有违宪审查权的国家机关通过法定程序,以特定方式对某项立法或某种行为是否违反宪法而进行的具有法律意义的审查和处理,是监督宪法实施的一种手段。