摘 要:抢劫罪的既遂与未遂问题是刑法理论界长期以来争论不休的问题,尤其是 1997 年新刑法典实施以后,对加重构成情节的齐备与否,使衡量犯罪既遂与犯罪未遂的标准的讨论更加激烈。
无论是普通构成的抢劫罪还是加重构成的抢劫罪,都存在因犯罪构成不齐备而未完成的情形,都存在未遂以及中止的可能。普通构成抢劫罪的既遂与未遂的区分标准应当以财物的是否实际占有为标志,而加重构成的抢劫罪的既遂与未遂的标准,则应当以是否占有财物和法定的加重情形的是否完成这两者的结合为标志。
关键词:抢劫罪;既遂;未遂;加重构成
On the Distinctions Robbery and Attempted Robbery in the Course of Crime
Abstract:The offence of robbery accomplished offense and the attempted question are a question which the criminal law theorists debates unceasingly since long ago, in particular in 1997 after new penal code implementation, to aggravates the constitution plot prepared or not, is weighs the crime the accomplished offense and the crime attempted standard discussion is more intense. Regardless of is the ordinary constitution offence of robbery aggravates the constitution the offence of robbery, all exists because of the crime constitution is unprepared the situation which but has not completed, all has the possibility which attempted as well as stops. The ordinary constitution offence of robbery accomplished offense and the attempted discrimination standard must by the belongings whether holds actually for the symbol, but aggravates the constitution the offence of robbery accomplished offense and the attempted standard, then must by whether holds the belongings and legal aggravates the situation whether completes these two unions.
Key words:crime of robbery;accomplished offence;attempted offence;the aggravations
of the constitution
一、 犯罪的既遂与未遂的区分标准
抢劫罪作为侵犯财产罪的一种最为严重的犯罪形式,历来受到人们的重视,对于它的研究也从未间断过。要研究抢劫罪的既遂与未遂,首先要研究一下它的上位概念,即犯罪的既遂与未遂的区分。根据我国刑法第 23 条的规定:“已着手实行犯罪,由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞,是犯罪未遂”,即此在我国刑法理论界人们一致认为“犯罪是否得逞”是区分犯罪既
遂与未遂的重要标准。