摘要:随着我国社会改革和对外开放政策的实行,上海与国外的接触越来越密切,加上,2010年上海将举行世博会,届时,各类商业会所的兴起、功能的设定与发挥,在集聚商流、物流、信息流、文化流方面,在推动21世纪上海的城市发展中,将产生不可小觑的作用。为未雨绸缪,本文将研究上海商业会所的历史发展轨迹,提供给上海城市发展规划工作做历史参考。
会所公馆在中国历史悠久,名称最早见于明代,清代盛行。1843年对外开埠后,外资投入,万商云集,上海凭借其得天独厚的地理优势,很快就成为了全国的经济中心,内地各个地方的人来到上海谋生存和做生意,各种形式公馆会所,得到空前发展。1929年,民国政府颁布了《工商同业公会法》,标志着同业公会的现代化与正规化。同时,随着租界在上海的繁荣,上海的侨民的增加,一种新的会馆形式——外国侨民俱乐部在上出现并且盛行,这种俱乐部文化是西方殖民生活文化与旧上海历史交织在一起的结晶,展现了奢华、物欲、歧视与权利并存的俱乐部生活与管理方式。
关键词:上海、公馆、会所、同乡会、同业公会、俱乐部
Abstract :With the development of social reform and the implement of opening up, the contact between china and overseas countries is becoming closer and closer. What’s more, shanghai will hold international 2010 world exposition. At the appointed time, all kinds of economic chambers will spring up, different functions of these chambers including inside and outside will be set up and carry out at the aspects of gathering the economy, merchandise, information and culture. And economic chambers soaring up dramatically will play a great role in the improvement of the development of shanghai city in 21century. In fair weather prepare for foul, this education thesis will focus on researching and discussing the history and development trace of all kinds of chambers and guilds in shanghai at the period of early 20th century (1900-1949) in order to provide those who are commit themselves to the developing and programming shanghai city to reference.
As Shanghai landsmannschaften and guilds has a long history, the name of landsmannschaften and guilds was used in Ming dynasty and popular in Qing dynasty. With the opening towards overseas in 1843, foreign capital was invested, thousands of businessman were surged over shanghai city. Since shanghai lies on its advantaged geography location, it became the center of domestic economy soon and lured the businessman from both inside land of china and capitalists and adventurers from all over the world, which made the all forms of chambers, guilds and landsmannschaften developed unprecedented. In 1929 ,《the law of commerce chamber》carried out by the government of the Republic of China indicated that the commerce chamber was entering into a modern and formal status and got ride of the traditional and informal. Thought, in fact, this law was just a prelude of change, to some extent, it indeed played a turn in the course of event. With the prosperity of concession, foreign emigrants was increasing inconceivably and a new form of chambers emerged which was called club. Club brought western life style whether it was awful or excellent,and the mixture of western lifestyle and political economic and cultural surroundings of old shanghai city created a special foreign club, which made great effect on china society, culture, economy and even the policy at that time.
绪论
首先,随着我国社会改革和对外开放政策的实行,行业协会的恢复,商业社团的复苏,各类专业机构的大量诞生,其次, 2010年上海将举行世博会,上海将成为世界注目的焦点,再次,改革开放以后,尤其是近些年,随着房地产行业的兴旺和各种商业营销传播模式理论的形成并且在实际操作中的运用,高档商业会馆和社区会馆已经在一些商业发达,收入水平较高的城市形成并发展。此可预见:上海必将会迎来一个商业会馆(包括商业性俱乐部)高潮。
会所形式在古老的中国早有原形存在,在上海开埠以后,更是得到了空前发展。但在1949年以后至改革开放以前,商业会馆建设出现中断。我们研究历史的目的在于:以史为镜,从中借鉴;我们研究侧重研究本土会馆基于,在越来越全球化的今天,“本土的才是世界的”概念受到更多的重视。可以说研究20世纪上半叶的上海会馆等组织的演变史,有利于正确把握和定位当今的会馆建设,在国内会馆建设偏重模仿国外运作的现状下,给予本土传统会馆运作的参考和建议。为未雨绸缪,本文将研究上海商业会所的历史发展轨迹,提供给上海城市发展与规划工作做历史参考。