手势在人际交往中的应用
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资料包括： 论文(22页5464字)
说明：
摘 要 ：当今世界，国际交流正日益频繁和紧密，跨文化交流也呈上升趋势。在跨文化交流中，言语交流必不可少。与此同时，非言语交际也扮演着非常重要的作用。而手势作为非言语交际中的一个特殊工具，其作用也不可小觑。
本文致力于在不同国家的文化背景中找出手势表达内涵的异同点。本文详述了手势在日常生活、社会交往和表达内心感受不同方面的使用。通过本文，人们会对手势的使用有一个基本了解，从而在跨文化交流中准确地使用手势，避免因对手势的误解而带来不便或者引起麻烦。
关键词
人际交往；手势；应用
Abstract
Nowadays, globalization makes international communication closer and more vital day by day. And trans-cultural exchange is also increasing. Verbal communication is necessary in the exchange. At the same time, nonverbal communication also plays a very important role in it. As a special communicating tool in nonverbal communication, gestures plays its own vital role.
This paper aims to have a close look at the similarities and differences of the inner meaning of gestures according to cultural background in different countries. It provides us with details of gestures in daily life, social communication and expression of interior emotions. Through this paper, people may have a basic knowledge of gestures and then use them accurately in trans-cultural communication. Hence, misunderstanding caused by wrong interpretation of gestures can be avoided.
Key Words
Interpersonal communication; gesture; application
Contents
Abstract I
Key Words I
摘 要 II
关键词 II
Introduction 1
I. Gestures in Daily Life 2
A. The Position of Hand when Standing Still or Taking Photos 2
B. Showing the Way 2
C. Making Introductions by Using Hand Gestures 2
D. Different Meaning of Hand-waving 3
E. Instructions of Handshaking 3
F. Call for Coming 3
G. Number Expression 4
II. Gestures in the Expression of Emotions 5
A. Showing Happiness 5
B. Indicating Sadness 5
C. Expressing Anger 5
D. Revealing Nervousness 5
E. Showing Shyness 5
III. Gestures in Social Communication 7
A. “V sign” in Communication 7
B. Different Meanings of “OK” 7
C. Attention of the Use of “Fig” Sign 8
D. Different Meaning of Different Movements of Thumb 8
E. Careful Use of Index Finger 9
F. Attention of the Use of Middle Finger 10
G. Use of Little Finger 11
IV. Other Kinds of Hand Gestures 12
A. Overlapping Arms 12
B. Rubbing Hands 12
C. Touching the Wood 12
Conclusion 14
Acknowledgements 15
Bibliography 16
Introduction
To exchange ideas, sound languages would be employed by people. Recently, with economic globalization, trans-cultural communication between China and other countries is dramatically growing. The role of nonverbal communication, accordingly, keeps going on with the step. People always make a lot of gestures to express their thoughts. Even the smallest gestures can mean a lot. When people extend their hands to others, they may be doing more than they know. Each kind of human’s posture, especially the physique language formed by hand gestures, is a very important constituent of human communication system. It can express people''s thoughts and feelings, and sometimes it is even more powerful than the glossary language. However, nonverbal communication is closely connected with culture. Due to the lack of awareness of cultural differences, cultural misunderstandings and conflicts are nothing new in intercultural communication. To get a full understanding of cultural difference, therefore, is the first step to make a further communication.
Four parts are included in this thesis to talk about the application of hand gestures in detail. First, in daily life, people need to pay attention to position of hands and way of expression; second, hand signal can suggest human''s psychological sentiment. However, in different regions, the same emotion can be expressed differently, and the same expression can also have a different emotional definition; third, when associating in the society, people should note the different hand signals and their finest distinctions; finally, some special meanings for some certain gestures which only exist in some particular countries or areas. In brief, hand signal is a special contacting method, and the appropriate use of hand signal can help people perceive others clearly and easily and efficiently, thus achieve the “win-win” effect.
参考文献：
Harper, G. et al. Nonverbal Communication: The State of the Art. New York: Wiley. 1978
Hu Wenzhong, Cornelius L. Grove. Encountering the Chinese: A guide for Americans. Yarmouth, Marine. Intercultural Press. Inc. 1991
Larry A. Samovar, Richard E. Porter. Intercultural Communication: A Reader. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company. 1994
Larry A. Samovar, Richard E. Porter, Lisa A. Stefani. Communication Between Cultures. Belmont, California. Wadsworth Publishing Company. 1998
Scollon R. and Scollon S.W. Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. Cambridge: Blackwell Publisher Inc. 1995
安琦，李坤．跨文化交际中的身势语[J]．赤峰学院学报，2005（03）．
程同春．非语言交际与身势语[J]．外语学刊，2005（02）．
范杏丽．不同文化背景下的非语言交际对比[J]．华中理工大学学报（社会科学版），2000（02）．
高凤兰．俄国人与中国人在身势语方面的差异[J]．日本学论坛，1997(01).
蒋阳芬. 身势语的文化差异(英文)[J]. 宁波高等专科学校学报 , 2000(01).
金正昆. 商务礼仪[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社,2005.
金正昆. 社交礼仪[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社,2005.
开心，手势和姿态说明什么[J]，经济日报，2000.
李娜．小说中体态语英译研究[D]．上海海事大学，2005．
[15] 李速立．身势语的客观差异性[J]．唐都学刊，2000（02）．
[16] 李育卫．英汉跨文化非语言交际对比研究[J]．云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）, 2004（05）．
[17] (美)莫里森(Morrison,.T.),(美)康纳维(Conaway,W.A.),(美)伯顿(Borden,G.A.)著；魏春宇，赵雪译. 国际商务礼仪大全[M]. 北京：电子工业出版社，2006.3
[18] 芈玲．浅谈中英身势语之异同[J]．宿州师专学报，2003（03）．
[19] 王聿良．非语言交际：“体势语”在交际活动中的运用[J]．苏州大学学报（工学版），2001 (06).
[20] 于敏．跨文化交际中的非语言交际的特点及其功能[J]．成都教育学院学报，2005（01）．
作者点评：
手势在人际交往中的应用 - Conclusion
Every one is using gestures, consciously or unconsciously, no matter in daily life, or in expressing one’s own emotions or in social communication,
Through research, the author finds that the similarity and contrast of expression of hand signals exist everywhere in human’s life. People must learn them more carefully and put them into practice more accurately. But actually, there are still many problems in the expression of gestures.
Author has searched lots of works written by predecessors and given a summary of them. In this thesis, author has picked out the use of gestures. And the author believes that people can benefit a lot from this paper.
However, the author still meets some troubles in this paper. Because of the restrictions of knowledge and capacity of handwriting, the author cannot describe all of the gestures in detail. But the author is sure that the study on this topic will be greatly extended in near future.
资料包括： 论文(22页5464字)
说明：
摘 要 ：当今世界，国际交流正日益频繁和紧密，跨文化交流也呈上升趋势。在跨文化交流中，言语交流必不可少。与此同时，非言语交际也扮演着非常重要的作用。而手势作为非言语交际中的一个特殊工具，其作用也不可小觑。
本文致力于在不同国家的文化背景中找出手势表达内涵的异同点。本文详述了手势在日常生活、社会交往和表达内心感受不同方面的使用。通过本文，人们会对手势的使用有一个基本了解，从而在跨文化交流中准确地使用手势，避免因对手势的误解而带来不便或者引起麻烦。
关键词
人际交往；手势；应用
Abstract
Nowadays, globalization makes international communication closer and more vital day by day. And trans-cultural exchange is also increasing. Verbal communication is necessary in the exchange. At the same time, nonverbal communication also plays a very important role in it. As a special communicating tool in nonverbal communication, gestures plays its own vital role.
This paper aims to have a close look at the similarities and differences of the inner meaning of gestures according to cultural background in different countries. It provides us with details of gestures in daily life, social communication and expression of interior emotions. Through this paper, people may have a basic knowledge of gestures and then use them accurately in trans-cultural communication. Hence, misunderstanding caused by wrong interpretation of gestures can be avoided.
Key Words
Interpersonal communication; gesture; application
Contents
Abstract I
Key Words I
摘 要 II
关键词 II
Introduction 1
I. Gestures in Daily Life 2
A. The Position of Hand when Standing Still or Taking Photos 2
B. Showing the Way 2
C. Making Introductions by Using Hand Gestures 2
D. Different Meaning of Hand-waving 3
E. Instructions of Handshaking 3
F. Call for Coming 3
G. Number Expression 4
II. Gestures in the Expression of Emotions 5
A. Showing Happiness 5
B. Indicating Sadness 5
C. Expressing Anger 5
D. Revealing Nervousness 5
E. Showing Shyness 5
III. Gestures in Social Communication 7
A. “V sign” in Communication 7
B. Different Meanings of “OK” 7
C. Attention of the Use of “Fig” Sign 8
D. Different Meaning of Different Movements of Thumb 8
E. Careful Use of Index Finger 9
F. Attention of the Use of Middle Finger 10
G. Use of Little Finger 11
IV. Other Kinds of Hand Gestures 12
A. Overlapping Arms 12
B. Rubbing Hands 12
C. Touching the Wood 12
Conclusion 14
Acknowledgements 15
Bibliography 16
Introduction
To exchange ideas, sound languages would be employed by people. Recently, with economic globalization, trans-cultural communication between China and other countries is dramatically growing. The role of nonverbal communication, accordingly, keeps going on with the step. People always make a lot of gestures to express their thoughts. Even the smallest gestures can mean a lot. When people extend their hands to others, they may be doing more than they know. Each kind of human’s posture, especially the physique language formed by hand gestures, is a very important constituent of human communication system. It can express people''s thoughts and feelings, and sometimes it is even more powerful than the glossary language. However, nonverbal communication is closely connected with culture. Due to the lack of awareness of cultural differences, cultural misunderstandings and conflicts are nothing new in intercultural communication. To get a full understanding of cultural difference, therefore, is the first step to make a further communication.
Four parts are included in this thesis to talk about the application of hand gestures in detail. First, in daily life, people need to pay attention to position of hands and way of expression; second, hand signal can suggest human''s psychological sentiment. However, in different regions, the same emotion can be expressed differently, and the same expression can also have a different emotional definition; third, when associating in the society, people should note the different hand signals and their finest distinctions; finally, some special meanings for some certain gestures which only exist in some particular countries or areas. In brief, hand signal is a special contacting method, and the appropriate use of hand signal can help people perceive others clearly and easily and efficiently, thus achieve the “win-win” effect.
参考文献：
Harper, G. et al. Nonverbal Communication: The State of the Art. New York: Wiley. 1978
Hu Wenzhong, Cornelius L. Grove. Encountering the Chinese: A guide for Americans. Yarmouth, Marine. Intercultural Press. Inc. 1991
Larry A. Samovar, Richard E. Porter. Intercultural Communication: A Reader. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company. 1994
Larry A. Samovar, Richard E. Porter, Lisa A. Stefani. Communication Between Cultures. Belmont, California. Wadsworth Publishing Company. 1998
Scollon R. and Scollon S.W. Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach. Cambridge: Blackwell Publisher Inc. 1995
安琦，李坤．跨文化交际中的身势语[J]．赤峰学院学报，2005（03）．
程同春．非语言交际与身势语[J]．外语学刊，2005（02）．
范杏丽．不同文化背景下的非语言交际对比[J]．华中理工大学学报（社会科学版），2000（02）．
高凤兰．俄国人与中国人在身势语方面的差异[J]．日本学论坛，1997(01).
蒋阳芬. 身势语的文化差异(英文)[J]. 宁波高等专科学校学报 , 2000(01).
金正昆. 商务礼仪[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社,2005.
金正昆. 社交礼仪[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社,2005.
开心，手势和姿态说明什么[J]，经济日报，2000.
李娜．小说中体态语英译研究[D]．上海海事大学，2005．
[15] 李速立．身势语的客观差异性[J]．唐都学刊，2000（02）．
[16] 李育卫．英汉跨文化非语言交际对比研究[J]．云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）, 2004（05）．
[17] (美)莫里森(Morrison,.T.),(美)康纳维(Conaway,W.A.),(美)伯顿(Borden,G.A.)著；魏春宇，赵雪译. 国际商务礼仪大全[M]. 北京：电子工业出版社，2006.3
[18] 芈玲．浅谈中英身势语之异同[J]．宿州师专学报，2003（03）．
[19] 王聿良．非语言交际：“体势语”在交际活动中的运用[J]．苏州大学学报（工学版），2001 (06).
[20] 于敏．跨文化交际中的非语言交际的特点及其功能[J]．成都教育学院学报，2005（01）．
作者点评：
手势在人际交往中的应用 - Conclusion
Every one is using gestures, consciously or unconsciously, no matter in daily life, or in expressing one’s own emotions or in social communication,
Through research, the author finds that the similarity and contrast of expression of hand signals exist everywhere in human’s life. People must learn them more carefully and put them into practice more accurately. But actually, there are still many problems in the expression of gestures.
Author has searched lots of works written by predecessors and given a summary of them. In this thesis, author has picked out the use of gestures. And the author believes that people can benefit a lot from this paper.
However, the author still meets some troubles in this paper. Because of the restrictions of knowledge and capacity of handwriting, the author cannot describe all of the gestures in detail. But the author is sure that the study on this topic will be greatly extended in near future.