《鲁滨逊漂流记》中殖民文化对殖民地文化影响解读
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资料包括： 论文(24页8140字)
说明：
摘 要 ：《鲁滨逊漂流记》是18世纪英国作家丹尼尔.笛福的代表作，是英国历险小说的源头，也是一部带有强烈殖民主义意识的文学作品。它不仅生动地讲述了小说主人公鲁滨逊开拓荒岛的详细过程，也描绘了他驯服改造原始部族人“星期五”的手段和策略。本课题着重以“后殖民主义批评”（易小斌，2004：64-68）为视角，拟从历史文化背景、人物刻画以及话语分析入手，对《鲁滨逊漂流记》中所建立起的宗主国/殖民地，奴隶主/奴隶，白种人/有色人，中心文化/边缘文化，文明/野蛮，基督教/食人部族等二元对立的殖民话语体系进行解构，揭示蕴涵在作品中的殖民主义意识，并阐释鲁滨逊如何以枪炮为后盾，有计划地从语言和宗教信仰两方面对“星期五”进行赤裸裸的文化殖民，使其丧失了原有的民族文化身份，从而造成自我身份丧失的窘境。本课题为读者重读经典开辟了一个新的视角，也为读者审视殖民者的文化统治提供了一个典型个案。
关键词
《鲁滨逊漂流记》；殖民主义；殖民话语；文化殖民
Abstract
Daniel Defoe is a great English novelist in the18th century. Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece, is either a pioneering English adventure fiction or a typical colonial literature. It not only is a vivid narrative story about the surprising and adventuring life of Robinson, but also has the theme of colonism which is represented on a series of binary oppositional colonial discourses: the colonial country and the colony, master and slave, the white and the colored, central culture and marginal culture, civilization and savageness, Christianity and cannibals and all that. With post-colonial criticism as its visual angle, this thesis sets on the history of European colonialism, analyzes the description of characters, narrative words and the growing process of “Friday” who loses his national culture identity to deconstruct those colonial discourses, explores the strategies for colonist’s cultural colonization to those people in the colonies and reveals the dilemma of losing their national culture identity. This analysis gives us a new perspective in appreciation this classical work and a typical case study of how the colonists exert the cultural rule on the people in the colonies.
Key Words
Robinson Crusoe; colonialism; colonial discourses; cultural colonization
Contents
Abstract……..………………………………………………..………I
Key Words……………………………………………………………………………I
摘要……………………………….…………………………………..……II
关键词…………………………………………………………………………………II
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….……1
I. Colonial Discourses……………………………………………………………2
A. Master and Slave……………………………………………………………2
1. Selling Xury and Buying Black Slaves to Work for His Plantation…….…3
2. Enslaving the Savage—Friday…..………………………………………3
3. The History of Evil Slave Deal and Slavery System…………………………5
B. The Superior Race and the Inferior Race…………………………………6
1. The Just and Kind White. …………………………………………6
2. The Ugly Black along the African Coast…………………………………8
3. The Cruel Cannibals—the American Indians………………………………9
II. Cultural Colonization: Bringing Civilization to the Savage—Friday…………10
A. Changing Their Primitive Life Style Into an Easier Life………….10
1. Getting Rid of the Habit of Man-eating.……………………………………11
2. Making Clothes for Friday……………………………………………11
3. Instructing Friday to Use Tools and Arms……………………………12
B. Banishing Friday’s Language and Instructing English to Him……………13
C. Mocking Friday’s God and Instructing the Real God to Him……………13
III. The Dilemma of Losing His National Culture Identity…………………………15
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….……….…..16
Acknowledgements…………………………………………….………………..…..17
Bibliography……………………………………………………………….……….18
Introduction
Colonialism is the consequence of western capital accumulation. It originates from the periods of Discovery and Exploration since 15th century. Some critics think that it breaks the separation of the Old World and the New World and also encourages the exchange of both cultures. (李伯庚, 2003) Actually, from 15th to19th century, it is a long history of exploitation and invasion among European powers. They are motivated by the lure of wealth in Asia, the spice trade in India, the gold and silver in America, and the slaves of Africa after reading Marco Polo’ s Travels.（Spielvogel, 281）During this period, European countries get handsome profits and become great empires. Especially for Britain, till the reign of Queen Victoria, she becomes “the Empire on Which the Sun Never Sets” and “the Mistress of the Seas”. (Clemen, 2003) On the contrary, what they bring to the people in the colonies is ravaging their land, mocking their gods, banishing their languages, decimating their population through disease, and subjugating their children to a subservient and dependent status. (Rogers, 461-519)
However, in colonial literature, all the devil practices of those colonists have been erased, instead, we often find the messages conveyed everywhere that the whites are spreading “civilization” to non-westerners for they justifies that they are under the call of the God to “deliver the inferior races” and “civilize the savages”. Factually, it is one of popular colonial discourses for their cultural colonization or invasion.
Daniel Defoe is a great English novelist in the18th century. Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece, is either a pioneering English adventure fiction or a typical colonial literature. It not only is a vivid narrative story about the surprising and adventuring life of Robinson, but also has the theme of colonism. With post-colonial criticism as its visual angle, this paper sets on the history of European colonialism, analyzes the description of characters, narrative words and the growing process of “Friday” who loses his national culture identity to deconstruct those binary oppositional colonial discourses: the colonial country and the colony, master and slave, the white and the colored, central culture and marginal culture, civilization and savageness, Christianity and cannibals and the like, explores the strategies for colonist''s cultural colonization to those people in the colonies and reveals the dilemma of losing their national culture identity.
参考文献：
Arnold, A. James, et al. A History of Literature in the Caribbean. Vol. 3. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001: 3.
Clemen, G.D.B. 昔日的英国王室 [M]. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 2003.
Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. 上海: 上海世界图书出版公司, 2003.
Green, Martin. Dreams of Adventure, Deeds of Empire. New York: Basic Books Publishers, Inc., 1979.
Ian, Watt. Robinson Crusoe as a Myth: A Quarterly Journal of Literary Criticism April. 1951.
Jackson, ed. Robinson Crusoe. By Daniel Defoe. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 2003 : 82.
Logan, M. K. Narrating Africa: George Henty and the Fiction of Empire. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999.
Motohasi, Ted. "The Discourse of Cannibalism in Early Modern Travel Writing." Travel Writing and Empire: Postcolonial Theory in Transit. Ed. Steve Clark. London & New York: Zed Books, 1999.
Rogers, Perry M. aspects of Western Civilization: Problems and Sources in History. The Ohio State University: 467-519.
Selden, R., P. Widdowson and P. Brooker. Original Title: A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. 4th ed. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004: 223.
Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization: A Brief History. Wadsworth Publishing Company: 280-302, 315-324.
艾勒克. 博埃默. 殖民和后殖民文学[M]. 盛宁, 韩敏中译. 吉林： 辽宁教育出版社/牛津出版社, 1998.
彼得.休姆. “鲁滨逊.克鲁索与星期五”. 张中载, 赵国新编. 文本.文论-英美文学名著重读[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2004.
陈兵. 所罗门王的宝藏：殖民掠夺的合法性问题[J]. 解放军外国语学院学报, 2006, (6).
[15] 丹尼尔.笛福. 鲁滨逊漂流记[M], 郭建中译. 南京: 译林出版社, 1996.
[16] 黄伊梅．从葛兰西到赛义德：文化领导权理论与后殖民主义[J].深圳大学学报，2004, (6).
[17] 李伯庚. 欧洲文化史（下）[M] , 赵复三译. 上海: 上海社会科学院出版社, 2003.
[18] 刘意青. 英国18世纪文学史[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2005.
[19] 马克思. 资本论[M]. 纽约，1906: 88.
[20] 斯. 尤. 阿勃拉莫娃. 非洲：四百年的奴隶贸易[M]. 陈士林, 马德平合译. 北京: 商务印书馆出版社, 1983.
[21] 王岳川. 后殖民主义与新历史主义文论[M]. 济南: 山东教育出版社, 1999.
[22] 易小斌．后殖民主义批评初探[J]．鹭江职业大学学报，2004，(3)．
[23] 张德明. 空间叙事、现代性主体与帝国政治—重读《鲁滨逊漂流记》[J]．外国文学, 2007, (2):113.
[24] 朱桦. 后殖民批评视域下的鲁滨逊[J]．嘉兴学院学报, 2006, (5).
[25] 翟文明. 话说世界．文明（下）[M], 第7卷. 北京: 中国和平出版社, 2006: 319-320.
[26] 翟文明. 话说世界．文学（上）[M], 第8卷. 北京: 中国和平出版社, 2006: 81-84.
[27] 甄修钰. 西方文明进程[M]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学出版社, 2003.
[28] 周庭华，魏文. 解读 “星期五”民族文化身份的丧失[J]．长沙大学学报, 2005, (6).
作者点评：
《鲁滨逊漂流记》中殖民文化对殖民地文化影响解读 - Conclusion
Robinson Crusoe is not a simple adventure fiction but a speaker of beautifying colonization and cultural colonization. Nowadays, it is popular for culture exchange and communication. Culture colonization develops to cultural influences on each other because of globalization. When a rash of foreign cultures flood into one country, her people will realize that they should maintain their dominant culture. At the same time, they’d like to keep the balance of absorbing the best, and weeding out the obsolete and worthless to strengthen their own culture. It means that they will take the initiative to choose whether they accept the other cultures. But from Robinson Crusoe, we find that “the other” has no choice but receives the colonist’s culture unconditionally. The naked culture invasion is justified as spreading civilization. Their aim is apparent.
Although without difficult words to understand and less literary, its influence is innumerable. Critic Green comments, “Those works make great impact on society which may not be the great literary works.” (陈兵, 2006: 75) Robinson Crusoe is the best example. We find it is far more powerful than those literary novels. It has won much popularity after being published. “Jean Jacques Rousseau suggested it benefited those growing youth, while Karl Marx used it to illustrate his economical theory.” (陈兵, 2006:75) In addition, critic Green points “In fact, those missionaries went overseas colony besides Bible, and they took it with them everywhere. It proved its influence.” (陈兵, 2006: 75) And in those works, the great amount of replicated colonial ideas met the demand and expectation of readers, which farther strengthened the colonialism atmosphere in Britain at that time. From this aspect, Robinson Crusoe as well as other English adventure fictions had injected the conscious colonism to English ordinary people when they were in popularity.
资料包括： 论文(24页8140字)
说明：
摘 要 ：《鲁滨逊漂流记》是18世纪英国作家丹尼尔.笛福的代表作，是英国历险小说的源头，也是一部带有强烈殖民主义意识的文学作品。它不仅生动地讲述了小说主人公鲁滨逊开拓荒岛的详细过程，也描绘了他驯服改造原始部族人“星期五”的手段和策略。本课题着重以“后殖民主义批评”（易小斌，2004：64-68）为视角，拟从历史文化背景、人物刻画以及话语分析入手，对《鲁滨逊漂流记》中所建立起的宗主国/殖民地，奴隶主/奴隶，白种人/有色人，中心文化/边缘文化，文明/野蛮，基督教/食人部族等二元对立的殖民话语体系进行解构，揭示蕴涵在作品中的殖民主义意识，并阐释鲁滨逊如何以枪炮为后盾，有计划地从语言和宗教信仰两方面对“星期五”进行赤裸裸的文化殖民，使其丧失了原有的民族文化身份，从而造成自我身份丧失的窘境。本课题为读者重读经典开辟了一个新的视角，也为读者审视殖民者的文化统治提供了一个典型个案。
关键词
《鲁滨逊漂流记》；殖民主义；殖民话语；文化殖民
Abstract
Daniel Defoe is a great English novelist in the18th century. Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece, is either a pioneering English adventure fiction or a typical colonial literature. It not only is a vivid narrative story about the surprising and adventuring life of Robinson, but also has the theme of colonism which is represented on a series of binary oppositional colonial discourses: the colonial country and the colony, master and slave, the white and the colored, central culture and marginal culture, civilization and savageness, Christianity and cannibals and all that. With post-colonial criticism as its visual angle, this thesis sets on the history of European colonialism, analyzes the description of characters, narrative words and the growing process of “Friday” who loses his national culture identity to deconstruct those colonial discourses, explores the strategies for colonist’s cultural colonization to those people in the colonies and reveals the dilemma of losing their national culture identity. This analysis gives us a new perspective in appreciation this classical work and a typical case study of how the colonists exert the cultural rule on the people in the colonies.
Key Words
Robinson Crusoe; colonialism; colonial discourses; cultural colonization
Contents
Abstract……..………………………………………………..………I
Key Words……………………………………………………………………………I
摘要……………………………….…………………………………..……II
关键词…………………………………………………………………………………II
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….……1
I. Colonial Discourses……………………………………………………………2
A. Master and Slave……………………………………………………………2
1. Selling Xury and Buying Black Slaves to Work for His Plantation…….…3
2. Enslaving the Savage—Friday…..………………………………………3
3. The History of Evil Slave Deal and Slavery System…………………………5
B. The Superior Race and the Inferior Race…………………………………6
1. The Just and Kind White. …………………………………………6
2. The Ugly Black along the African Coast…………………………………8
3. The Cruel Cannibals—the American Indians………………………………9
II. Cultural Colonization: Bringing Civilization to the Savage—Friday…………10
A. Changing Their Primitive Life Style Into an Easier Life………….10
1. Getting Rid of the Habit of Man-eating.……………………………………11
2. Making Clothes for Friday……………………………………………11
3. Instructing Friday to Use Tools and Arms……………………………12
B. Banishing Friday’s Language and Instructing English to Him……………13
C. Mocking Friday’s God and Instructing the Real God to Him……………13
III. The Dilemma of Losing His National Culture Identity…………………………15
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….……….…..16
Acknowledgements…………………………………………….………………..…..17
Bibliography……………………………………………………………….……….18
Introduction
Colonialism is the consequence of western capital accumulation. It originates from the periods of Discovery and Exploration since 15th century. Some critics think that it breaks the separation of the Old World and the New World and also encourages the exchange of both cultures. (李伯庚, 2003) Actually, from 15th to19th century, it is a long history of exploitation and invasion among European powers. They are motivated by the lure of wealth in Asia, the spice trade in India, the gold and silver in America, and the slaves of Africa after reading Marco Polo’ s Travels.（Spielvogel, 281）During this period, European countries get handsome profits and become great empires. Especially for Britain, till the reign of Queen Victoria, she becomes “the Empire on Which the Sun Never Sets” and “the Mistress of the Seas”. (Clemen, 2003) On the contrary, what they bring to the people in the colonies is ravaging their land, mocking their gods, banishing their languages, decimating their population through disease, and subjugating their children to a subservient and dependent status. (Rogers, 461-519)
However, in colonial literature, all the devil practices of those colonists have been erased, instead, we often find the messages conveyed everywhere that the whites are spreading “civilization” to non-westerners for they justifies that they are under the call of the God to “deliver the inferior races” and “civilize the savages”. Factually, it is one of popular colonial discourses for their cultural colonization or invasion.
Daniel Defoe is a great English novelist in the18th century. Robinson Crusoe, his masterpiece, is either a pioneering English adventure fiction or a typical colonial literature. It not only is a vivid narrative story about the surprising and adventuring life of Robinson, but also has the theme of colonism. With post-colonial criticism as its visual angle, this paper sets on the history of European colonialism, analyzes the description of characters, narrative words and the growing process of “Friday” who loses his national culture identity to deconstruct those binary oppositional colonial discourses: the colonial country and the colony, master and slave, the white and the colored, central culture and marginal culture, civilization and savageness, Christianity and cannibals and the like, explores the strategies for colonist''s cultural colonization to those people in the colonies and reveals the dilemma of losing their national culture identity.
参考文献：
Arnold, A. James, et al. A History of Literature in the Caribbean. Vol. 3. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2001: 3.
Clemen, G.D.B. 昔日的英国王室 [M]. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 2003.
Defoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe. 上海: 上海世界图书出版公司, 2003.
Green, Martin. Dreams of Adventure, Deeds of Empire. New York: Basic Books Publishers, Inc., 1979.
Ian, Watt. Robinson Crusoe as a Myth: A Quarterly Journal of Literary Criticism April. 1951.
Jackson, ed. Robinson Crusoe. By Daniel Defoe. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社, 2003 : 82.
Logan, M. K. Narrating Africa: George Henty and the Fiction of Empire. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1999.
Motohasi, Ted. "The Discourse of Cannibalism in Early Modern Travel Writing." Travel Writing and Empire: Postcolonial Theory in Transit. Ed. Steve Clark. London & New York: Zed Books, 1999.
Rogers, Perry M. aspects of Western Civilization: Problems and Sources in History. The Ohio State University: 467-519.
Selden, R., P. Widdowson and P. Brooker. Original Title: A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. 4th ed. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004: 223.
Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization: A Brief History. Wadsworth Publishing Company: 280-302, 315-324.
艾勒克. 博埃默. 殖民和后殖民文学[M]. 盛宁, 韩敏中译. 吉林： 辽宁教育出版社/牛津出版社, 1998.
彼得.休姆. “鲁滨逊.克鲁索与星期五”. 张中载, 赵国新编. 文本.文论-英美文学名著重读[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2004.
陈兵. 所罗门王的宝藏：殖民掠夺的合法性问题[J]. 解放军外国语学院学报, 2006, (6).
[15] 丹尼尔.笛福. 鲁滨逊漂流记[M], 郭建中译. 南京: 译林出版社, 1996.
[16] 黄伊梅．从葛兰西到赛义德：文化领导权理论与后殖民主义[J].深圳大学学报，2004, (6).
[17] 李伯庚. 欧洲文化史（下）[M] , 赵复三译. 上海: 上海社会科学院出版社, 2003.
[18] 刘意青. 英国18世纪文学史[M]. 北京: 外语教学与研究出版社, 2005.
[19] 马克思. 资本论[M]. 纽约，1906: 88.
[20] 斯. 尤. 阿勃拉莫娃. 非洲：四百年的奴隶贸易[M]. 陈士林, 马德平合译. 北京: 商务印书馆出版社, 1983.
[21] 王岳川. 后殖民主义与新历史主义文论[M]. 济南: 山东教育出版社, 1999.
[22] 易小斌．后殖民主义批评初探[J]．鹭江职业大学学报，2004，(3)．
[23] 张德明. 空间叙事、现代性主体与帝国政治—重读《鲁滨逊漂流记》[J]．外国文学, 2007, (2):113.
[24] 朱桦. 后殖民批评视域下的鲁滨逊[J]．嘉兴学院学报, 2006, (5).
[25] 翟文明. 话说世界．文明（下）[M], 第7卷. 北京: 中国和平出版社, 2006: 319-320.
[26] 翟文明. 话说世界．文学（上）[M], 第8卷. 北京: 中国和平出版社, 2006: 81-84.
[27] 甄修钰. 西方文明进程[M]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古大学出版社, 2003.
[28] 周庭华，魏文. 解读 “星期五”民族文化身份的丧失[J]．长沙大学学报, 2005, (6).
作者点评：
《鲁滨逊漂流记》中殖民文化对殖民地文化影响解读 - Conclusion
Robinson Crusoe is not a simple adventure fiction but a speaker of beautifying colonization and cultural colonization. Nowadays, it is popular for culture exchange and communication. Culture colonization develops to cultural influences on each other because of globalization. When a rash of foreign cultures flood into one country, her people will realize that they should maintain their dominant culture. At the same time, they’d like to keep the balance of absorbing the best, and weeding out the obsolete and worthless to strengthen their own culture. It means that they will take the initiative to choose whether they accept the other cultures. But from Robinson Crusoe, we find that “the other” has no choice but receives the colonist’s culture unconditionally. The naked culture invasion is justified as spreading civilization. Their aim is apparent.
Although without difficult words to understand and less literary, its influence is innumerable. Critic Green comments, “Those works make great impact on society which may not be the great literary works.” (陈兵, 2006: 75) Robinson Crusoe is the best example. We find it is far more powerful than those literary novels. It has won much popularity after being published. “Jean Jacques Rousseau suggested it benefited those growing youth, while Karl Marx used it to illustrate his economical theory.” (陈兵, 2006:75) In addition, critic Green points “In fact, those missionaries went overseas colony besides Bible, and they took it with them everywhere. It proved its influence.” (陈兵, 2006: 75) And in those works, the great amount of replicated colonial ideas met the demand and expectation of readers, which farther strengthened the colonialism atmosphere in Britain at that time. From this aspect, Robinson Crusoe as well as other English adventure fictions had injected the conscious colonism to English ordinary people when they were in popularity.