冷战后的美国对外战略
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资料包括： 论文(20页5503字)
说明：
摘 要：20世纪80年代末90年代初，伴随着东欧巨变、两德统一和苏联解体，冷战宣告结束。美国也面临着全新的国际形势。但是，要重新寻找确定美国的国家利益、战略目标及其实现的途径却变得更加困难。
老布什上台后，指定了“新世界秩序”的对外战略政策，强调要确保美国在世界事务中的领导地位以实现“美国世纪”，但因其模糊性和不具操作性而遭到广泛批评。因此，克林顿得以在四年后的选举中胜出。克林顿政府推行“参与和扩展”的对外战略，振兴了美国经济，增强了美国对世界的影响力和领导力。2000年小布什上台后，大力推行单边主义政策。但近年来却遇到了不少麻烦。在其他国家迅速崛起的同时，美国却深陷阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争的泥潭，纠缠于朝鲜和伊朗的核问题而不得脱身。毫无疑问，美国在后冷战时代面临着更多的问题。
因而，美国今后必须调整其外交战略，与其他国家进行合作，并更多地依靠软力量来维护其国家利益。
关键词：美国,外交战略,后冷战时代,合作
Abstract
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, with the transformation of the East European socialist states, the reunification of Germany, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Cold War ended, and the United States found itself at another watershed. However, it is more difficult to define and determine the interests, objectives, and means of American foreign strategy.
The Bush government advocated a foreign strategy of “New World Order”. The concept of “New World Order” includes the emphasis of American leadership in world affairs and the creation of a new “American century”. However, it was criticized for being ambiguous and impractical. Clinton paid more attention to internal affairs and promoted a foreign strategy of “Engagement and Enlargement”, which accelerated its economic development and enhanced its leadership. In the year of 2000, George W. Bush won the presidency campaign. He acted a foreign strategy of Unilateralism. However, in recent years, America has been in troubles. Many powers are rising quickly, but at the same time, America sinks into Afghanistan and Iraq war. NPRK and Iran are busy developing their nuclear weapons, imposing threat to regional and international security. Undoubtedly, America encounters more problems in the post-cold war era.
In the future, America has to adjust its foreign strategies to cooperate with others and depend more on its soft powers to maintain its national interests,.
Key Words
US; foreign strategy; post-cold war era; cooperation
Introduction
When Cold War ended, the world became more complex and less predictable, and the domestic ambivalence and confusion over U.S. involvement in world affairs heighten pressures of immediate restructuring of foreign strategy. Naturally, it was predicted by many that the evolving environment of the post-Cold War world required the United States to refashion its foreign strategy and the agencies that made it.
Many scholars thought America was the winner and it was the right time to create an “American Century”. Therefore, the first Bush government advocated a foreign strategy of “New World Order”. However, it was more difficult to define and determine the interests, objectives, and means of American foreign strategy in fact. As the strategy was too oblivious, it was soon replaced by the strategy of “Engagement and Enlargement” of Clinton government which put more emphasis on internal affairs, but at the same time never allowed their external interests being harmed. George .W. Bush carried out a strategy of unilateralism via America’s mighty power, which led America to a dilemma. Now, America sinks into Afghanistan and Iraq war, and NPRK and Iran nuclear problems are exhausting US’s energy.
At the same time, other powers are developing quickly. European countries are on the road of unity and their economic power is growing more influential. Japan is trying to play a more active role in world political and economic stage. China and India are booming in economic field. Russia is reawaking. Moreover, terrorism and nuclear problems are also haunting the world.
However, if America withdraws from Iraq now, it may fail thoroughly in the anti-terrorism war and encounters fiercer opposition from Islamic world. Therefore, in order to hold its national interests, America has to seek more cooperation and assistance from international world. Besides, America will shift their attention to prevent other powers from rising, and depend more on “soft power” to maintain its dream of “second to none”.
目录：
Abstract……..………………………………………………..………I
Key Words…………………………………………………………………………I
摘要…….…………………………………..…Ⅱ
关键词……….Ⅱ
Introduction………..1
Ⅰ. Brief Introduction of US Foreign Strategies in History……….2
Ⅱ. Different Foreign Strategies in the Post-Cold War Era………………………….3
A.Foreign Strategy of Bush Government………………………………………3
B.Foreign Strategy of Clinton Government……………………………………5
C.Foreign Strategy of George W. Bush Government……………………………7
Ⅲ. Future Trends of US Foreign Strategies……………………………………10
Conclusion ……………………………………………….…………………………..12
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..13
Notes………………………………………………………………………………….14
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………….15
参考文献：
Hastedt, Glenn P. American Foreign Policy: Past, Present, Future. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2000.
Henderson, Conway W. International Relations: Conflict and Cooperation at the
Turn of the 21st Century. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 1998.
Hutchings, Robert L, Ed. At the End of the American Century: America’s Role in the Post-Cold War World. The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Washington, D.C., 1998.
Kissinger, Henry. “Reflection on Containment”, Foreign Affairs. May/June,1994.
Scott, James M., Ed. After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World. Duke University Press, Durham and London, 1998.
Nye, Joseph, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. Yale University Press, 2000.
彼得•本德尔，夏静译． 美国——新的罗马[M] ．中央编译出版社，2005．
比尔•克林顿，金灿荣，邱君，张立平，王荣军 译． 希望与历史之间[M]．
海南出版社，1997．
方连庆，刘金质，王炳元 主编． 战后国际关系史 （1945-1995）[M] ．
北京：北京大学出版社，1999．
胡鞍钢、门洪华主编．解读美国大战略[M] ． 浙江人民出版社，2003．
黄明哲． 梦想与尘世：二十世纪美国文化[M] ． 北京：东方出版社，1999．
刘永涛. 冷战后美国新保守主义对华政策话语：影响及局限性[J]. 山东大学学报 (哲社版),2005,(3).
钱国平. 试析冷战后美国对外战略的矛盾性[J]. 扬州大学学报(人文社会科学版) 2001,(4).
塞缪尔•亨廷顿， 周琪 刘绯 张立平等译． 文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建[M] ． 新华出版社，1999．
[15] 兹比格纽•布热津斯基，中国国际问题研究所 译． 大棋局—美国的首要地位及其地缘战略[M] ． 上海：上海人民出版社，1998．
作者点评：
冷战后的美国对外战略
Therefore, in the post-Cold War world characterized by interdependence and diversity, the United States, with different foreign strategies, intends to build up its power and influence as to realize and maintain its national interests and its hegemony in world affairs. However, contrary to its expectation, the United States becomes increasingly incapable of dealing with the changing world alone. In fact, in the post-Cold War era, the world is multipolarized with complicated international environment and global problems. In recent years, it sinks into Afghanistan and Iraq war, and nuclear crisis and terrorism are haunting its psyche. As a result, The United States has to learn to be humble and learns how to cooperate with others. It is in this international situation that the foreign strategies of Bush, Clinton and W. G. Bush are questioned and challenged.
Undoubtedly, what a peaceful and prosperous world needs is cooperation and collaboration among states instead of American hegemony. It is a common knowledge that not all roads ultimately lead to Washington. In fact, only if the United States conforms to the historical trend of the times, and abandons its constant practices of hegemonism and realpolitik in world affairs, can it realize its national interests and security, and thus, promote world peace and stability.
资料包括： 论文(20页5503字)
说明：
摘 要：20世纪80年代末90年代初，伴随着东欧巨变、两德统一和苏联解体，冷战宣告结束。美国也面临着全新的国际形势。但是，要重新寻找确定美国的国家利益、战略目标及其实现的途径却变得更加困难。
老布什上台后，指定了“新世界秩序”的对外战略政策，强调要确保美国在世界事务中的领导地位以实现“美国世纪”，但因其模糊性和不具操作性而遭到广泛批评。因此，克林顿得以在四年后的选举中胜出。克林顿政府推行“参与和扩展”的对外战略，振兴了美国经济，增强了美国对世界的影响力和领导力。2000年小布什上台后，大力推行单边主义政策。但近年来却遇到了不少麻烦。在其他国家迅速崛起的同时，美国却深陷阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争的泥潭，纠缠于朝鲜和伊朗的核问题而不得脱身。毫无疑问，美国在后冷战时代面临着更多的问题。
因而，美国今后必须调整其外交战略，与其他国家进行合作，并更多地依靠软力量来维护其国家利益。
关键词：美国,外交战略,后冷战时代,合作
Abstract
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, with the transformation of the East European socialist states, the reunification of Germany, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the Cold War ended, and the United States found itself at another watershed. However, it is more difficult to define and determine the interests, objectives, and means of American foreign strategy.
The Bush government advocated a foreign strategy of “New World Order”. The concept of “New World Order” includes the emphasis of American leadership in world affairs and the creation of a new “American century”. However, it was criticized for being ambiguous and impractical. Clinton paid more attention to internal affairs and promoted a foreign strategy of “Engagement and Enlargement”, which accelerated its economic development and enhanced its leadership. In the year of 2000, George W. Bush won the presidency campaign. He acted a foreign strategy of Unilateralism. However, in recent years, America has been in troubles. Many powers are rising quickly, but at the same time, America sinks into Afghanistan and Iraq war. NPRK and Iran are busy developing their nuclear weapons, imposing threat to regional and international security. Undoubtedly, America encounters more problems in the post-cold war era.
In the future, America has to adjust its foreign strategies to cooperate with others and depend more on its soft powers to maintain its national interests,.
Key Words
US; foreign strategy; post-cold war era; cooperation
Introduction
When Cold War ended, the world became more complex and less predictable, and the domestic ambivalence and confusion over U.S. involvement in world affairs heighten pressures of immediate restructuring of foreign strategy. Naturally, it was predicted by many that the evolving environment of the post-Cold War world required the United States to refashion its foreign strategy and the agencies that made it.
Many scholars thought America was the winner and it was the right time to create an “American Century”. Therefore, the first Bush government advocated a foreign strategy of “New World Order”. However, it was more difficult to define and determine the interests, objectives, and means of American foreign strategy in fact. As the strategy was too oblivious, it was soon replaced by the strategy of “Engagement and Enlargement” of Clinton government which put more emphasis on internal affairs, but at the same time never allowed their external interests being harmed. George .W. Bush carried out a strategy of unilateralism via America’s mighty power, which led America to a dilemma. Now, America sinks into Afghanistan and Iraq war, and NPRK and Iran nuclear problems are exhausting US’s energy.
At the same time, other powers are developing quickly. European countries are on the road of unity and their economic power is growing more influential. Japan is trying to play a more active role in world political and economic stage. China and India are booming in economic field. Russia is reawaking. Moreover, terrorism and nuclear problems are also haunting the world.
However, if America withdraws from Iraq now, it may fail thoroughly in the anti-terrorism war and encounters fiercer opposition from Islamic world. Therefore, in order to hold its national interests, America has to seek more cooperation and assistance from international world. Besides, America will shift their attention to prevent other powers from rising, and depend more on “soft power” to maintain its dream of “second to none”.
目录：
Abstract……..………………………………………………..………I
Key Words…………………………………………………………………………I
摘要…….…………………………………..…Ⅱ
关键词……….Ⅱ
Introduction………..1
Ⅰ. Brief Introduction of US Foreign Strategies in History……….2
Ⅱ. Different Foreign Strategies in the Post-Cold War Era………………………….3
A.Foreign Strategy of Bush Government………………………………………3
B.Foreign Strategy of Clinton Government……………………………………5
C.Foreign Strategy of George W. Bush Government……………………………7
Ⅲ. Future Trends of US Foreign Strategies……………………………………10
Conclusion ……………………………………………….…………………………..12
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..13
Notes………………………………………………………………………………….14
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………….15
参考文献：
Hastedt, Glenn P. American Foreign Policy: Past, Present, Future. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2000.
Henderson, Conway W. International Relations: Conflict and Cooperation at the
Turn of the 21st Century. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 1998.
Hutchings, Robert L, Ed. At the End of the American Century: America’s Role in the Post-Cold War World. The Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Washington, D.C., 1998.
Kissinger, Henry. “Reflection on Containment”, Foreign Affairs. May/June,1994.
Scott, James M., Ed. After the End: Making U.S. Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War World. Duke University Press, Durham and London, 1998.
Nye, Joseph, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. Yale University Press, 2000.
彼得•本德尔，夏静译． 美国——新的罗马[M] ．中央编译出版社，2005．
比尔•克林顿，金灿荣，邱君，张立平，王荣军 译． 希望与历史之间[M]．
海南出版社，1997．
方连庆，刘金质，王炳元 主编． 战后国际关系史 （1945-1995）[M] ．
北京：北京大学出版社，1999．
胡鞍钢、门洪华主编．解读美国大战略[M] ． 浙江人民出版社，2003．
黄明哲． 梦想与尘世：二十世纪美国文化[M] ． 北京：东方出版社，1999．
刘永涛. 冷战后美国新保守主义对华政策话语：影响及局限性[J]. 山东大学学报 (哲社版),2005,(3).
钱国平. 试析冷战后美国对外战略的矛盾性[J]. 扬州大学学报(人文社会科学版) 2001,(4).
塞缪尔•亨廷顿， 周琪 刘绯 张立平等译． 文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建[M] ． 新华出版社，1999．
[15] 兹比格纽•布热津斯基，中国国际问题研究所 译． 大棋局—美国的首要地位及其地缘战略[M] ． 上海：上海人民出版社，1998．
作者点评：
冷战后的美国对外战略
Therefore, in the post-Cold War world characterized by interdependence and diversity, the United States, with different foreign strategies, intends to build up its power and influence as to realize and maintain its national interests and its hegemony in world affairs. However, contrary to its expectation, the United States becomes increasingly incapable of dealing with the changing world alone. In fact, in the post-Cold War era, the world is multipolarized with complicated international environment and global problems. In recent years, it sinks into Afghanistan and Iraq war, and nuclear crisis and terrorism are haunting its psyche. As a result, The United States has to learn to be humble and learns how to cooperate with others. It is in this international situation that the foreign strategies of Bush, Clinton and W. G. Bush are questioned and challenged.
Undoubtedly, what a peaceful and prosperous world needs is cooperation and collaboration among states instead of American hegemony. It is a common knowledge that not all roads ultimately lead to Washington. In fact, only if the United States conforms to the historical trend of the times, and abandons its constant practices of hegemonism and realpolitik in world affairs, can it realize its national interests and security, and thus, promote world peace and stability.