论中西饮食文化差异
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资料包括： 论文(18页5166字)
说明：
摘 要：饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。台湾张起钧教授说过“古语说‘饮食男女人之大欲存焉’。就这样的标准而论，西方文化（特别是近代美国式的文化）可说是男女文化，而中国可说是一种饮食文化。”由于文化传统的缘故，西方人的人生倾向男女关系，而中国人由于对男女关系的褊狭，把人生精力倾泄导向于饮食。由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵，虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达，但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果，所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义。通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。
关键词：饮食文化;文化传统;差异
Abstract
Diet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development. Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature. We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between China and the west. Taiwan Professor Zhang Qijun said, “The old saying, ''Eat, drink, man, woman who wishes greatly''. For such a standard fair, western culture (in particular, modern American culture) can be said to be male and female culture. But the Chinese culture can be said to be a dietary culture. "As the reason of the cultural traditions, the western lives tend to men and women, but because of the narrow gender relations, Chinese people are dumping guidance on life in the restaurants. Thus the diet is rich in culture. Food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of Chinese and Western diet. By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west. And we can also improve and create the culture of China.
Key Words
dietary culture; cultural tradition; differences
Introduction
Once there is a saying that "Food is eating well-deserved for human life”, so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings. There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive; and another is the lust of men and women, which can help the mankind to carry on the family line. Facing the two desires, China pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter. Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend. Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet has special status in the Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west.
As one of the world ancient nations, China’s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even not aware of it to the "heaven" degree. With the opposite, they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more. Whether the awareness of original sin of Christianity, Adam and Eve legend, or ancient Greek philosophy (such as Plato''s dialogue) who considered the personal relationships “love” as the love of ontology of beauty, and regarded it as a reality thinking of philosophy, all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers’ cultural thoughts. All these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners’ characters.
Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristic. The differences in concepts, targets, patterns, attribution and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic; such characteristic has enriched the research value of dietary culture. Studying these cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject. It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.
目录：
Abstract ………………………………………………………….………..…………Ⅰ
Key Words…………………………………………………..………………………..Ⅰ
摘要.…………………………………………………………..………………………Ⅱ
关键词..……………………………………………………..…………………………Ⅱ
Introduction……………………………………………..……………………………..1
I. Differences in Concepts………………………………………….……………2
II. Differences in Targets.………….……………………………………….…..….3
III. Differences in Dietary Patterns.……………………..…………………..5
IV. Differences in Diet Attribution.………………….………………………….…6
V. Differences in the Nature..………………………………………………………….9
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..…11
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………12
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………. .13
参考文献：
安静.解读美国[M]. 北京：中国旅游出版社，2007.
陈洁.得心应手---西餐礼仪[M].北京：世界知识出版社, 2005.
金炳镐.民族理论通论[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社,1994.
刘枋.吃的艺术[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2003.
刘玫君，陈加真.出国点菜不求人---别人不会告诉你的旅行智慧[M].北京:中国旅游出版社，2005.
马文.哈里斯(美).好吃:食物与文化之迷[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2001.
苏珊.罗德里格.亨特.巴黎:一席浮动的豪宴[M].北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2004.
唐鲁孙.天下味[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2004.
王晓昕,李学友.传统文化与道德建设[M].贵阳：贵州民族出版社,2004.
萧家成.升华的魅力---中华民族酒文化[M].北京:华龄出版社，2007.
徐先玲,李祖状.西方饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社, 2005.
徐先玲,李祖状.中国饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社, 2005.
向世陵.中国哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2000.
殷珍泉.礼仪有学问[M].北京：北京台海出版社, 2002.
[15] 张茗阳.食物改变你的一生[M].上海:学林出版社, 2003.
[16] 张志伟,欧阳谦.西方哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2000.
[17] 张起钧.烹饪原理[M].北京: 中国轻工业出版社,2000.
作者点评：
By the text from this thesis, we can easily find that there still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures. But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the "KFC" "DICOS", "McDonald". These mark a new western food culture exchanges and infiltration.
The impact brought about by economic globalization is stronger and deeper than the internationalization. Economic globalization is a double-edged sword, on one hand, it brings the vitality of economic growth, and on the other hand, the dominant culture is put into other countries through strong economic and infiltrated every corner of the globe. Therefore, the cultural communication focus on how to assimilate advantages of the other countries’ culture, abandon its shortcoming, and learn how to transform and make it localized, all countries need to study the issue. So in the face of the dietary cultural exchange problems between China and the West, we should find each other''s advantages and draw the mutual advantages, as China can learn from the point that western diet stresses nutrition match, and make the Chinese cuisine more outstanding.
China is the country of a long history with an ancient culture, and enriching in cultural traditions. She feeds the 1.3 billion Chinese people, and Chinese culture is very inclusive; in the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures. Moreover, now China does more efforts to draw all the outstanding achievements in the World. China''s reform and opening up policy create the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges. We need to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, to develop and create China''s new culture.
This work can make the world to know China better and let China go to the world.
资料包括： 论文(18页5166字)
说明：
摘 要：饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。台湾张起钧教授说过“古语说‘饮食男女人之大欲存焉’。就这样的标准而论，西方文化（特别是近代美国式的文化）可说是男女文化，而中国可说是一种饮食文化。”由于文化传统的缘故，西方人的人生倾向男女关系，而中国人由于对男女关系的褊狭，把人生精力倾泄导向于饮食。由此赋予饮食以丰富的文化内涵，虽然饮食文化在西方不够发达，但这种不发达本身也是一种文化发展的结果，所以对中西饮食文化的比较仍有意义。通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。
关键词：饮食文化;文化传统;差异
Abstract
Diet is absolutely necessary in the life of mankind, and even in the existence or development. Because of the differences between Chinese and western cultural traditions, the Chinese and western dietary cultures are different in concept, target, pattern, attribution and nature. We study these differences and then find out the points that can be digested, in order to facilitate the communication about cultures between China and the west. Taiwan Professor Zhang Qijun said, “The old saying, ''Eat, drink, man, woman who wishes greatly''. For such a standard fair, western culture (in particular, modern American culture) can be said to be male and female culture. But the Chinese culture can be said to be a dietary culture. "As the reason of the cultural traditions, the western lives tend to men and women, but because of the narrow gender relations, Chinese people are dumping guidance on life in the restaurants. Thus the diet is rich in culture. Food culture in the west is not developed enough, but this underdevelopment itself is the result of the development of a culture, so it is still significant to study the dietary cultures of Chinese and Western diet. By the analysis of the differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, we can comprehend the respective cultural traditions of China and the west. And we can also improve and create the culture of China.
Key Words
dietary culture; cultural tradition; differences
Introduction
Once there is a saying that "Food is eating well-deserved for human life”, so food is an indispensable condition for the survival and development of human beings. There are two desires in life: one is feasting them to survive; and another is the lust of men and women, which can help the mankind to carry on the family line. Facing the two desires, China pays more attention to the former, while the west tends to the latter. Such phenomenon affects the cultural trend. Diet is actually the contents of our daily lives, but why we call it culture? That is because the diet has special status in the Chinese culture, and it also has a great distinction between China and the west.
As one of the world ancient nations, China’s diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. But in western countries, ancient thinkers devoted less attention to the food problem than the Chinese philosophers did, and there is even not aware of it to the "heaven" degree. With the opposite, they recognized and interpreted the world in the perspective of the lust or love of men and women more. Whether the awareness of original sin of Christianity, Adam and Eve legend, or ancient Greek philosophy (such as Plato''s dialogue) who considered the personal relationships “love” as the love of ontology of beauty, and regarded it as a reality thinking of philosophy, all these ideas become the basis of western philosophers’ cultural thoughts. All these had potential effects on the development of western culture and westerners’ characters.
Receiving the influence of respective cultural tradition, the Chinese and western dietary culture has had different characteristic. The differences in concepts, targets, patterns, attribution and nature had reflected the different dietary culture in the different state characteristic; such characteristic has enriched the research value of dietary culture. Studying these cultural differences, we can find out a joint enhancing the communication between China and the west through a comprehensive study of the subject. It may be a great help to the communication of the Chinese and western cultures.
目录：
Abstract ………………………………………………………….………..…………Ⅰ
Key Words…………………………………………………..………………………..Ⅰ
摘要.…………………………………………………………..………………………Ⅱ
关键词..……………………………………………………..…………………………Ⅱ
Introduction……………………………………………..……………………………..1
I. Differences in Concepts………………………………………….……………2
II. Differences in Targets.………….……………………………………….…..….3
III. Differences in Dietary Patterns.……………………..…………………..5
IV. Differences in Diet Attribution.………………….………………………….…6
V. Differences in the Nature..………………………………………………………….9
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..…11
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………12
Bibliography……………………………………………………………………. .13
参考文献：
安静.解读美国[M]. 北京：中国旅游出版社，2007.
陈洁.得心应手---西餐礼仪[M].北京：世界知识出版社, 2005.
金炳镐.民族理论通论[M].北京:中央民族大学出版社,1994.
刘枋.吃的艺术[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2003.
刘玫君，陈加真.出国点菜不求人---别人不会告诉你的旅行智慧[M].北京:中国旅游出版社，2005.
马文.哈里斯(美).好吃:食物与文化之迷[M].山东:山东画报出版社,2001.
苏珊.罗德里格.亨特.巴黎:一席浮动的豪宴[M].北京:生活.读书.新知三联书店,2004.
唐鲁孙.天下味[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2004.
王晓昕,李学友.传统文化与道德建设[M].贵阳：贵州民族出版社,2004.
萧家成.升华的魅力---中华民族酒文化[M].北京:华龄出版社，2007.
徐先玲,李祖状.西方饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社, 2005.
徐先玲,李祖状.中国饮食文化[M].北京：中国戏剧出版社, 2005.
向世陵.中国哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2000.
殷珍泉.礼仪有学问[M].北京：北京台海出版社, 2002.
[15] 张茗阳.食物改变你的一生[M].上海:学林出版社, 2003.
[16] 张志伟,欧阳谦.西方哲学智慧[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2000.
[17] 张起钧.烹饪原理[M].北京: 中国轻工业出版社,2000.
作者点评：
By the text from this thesis, we can easily find that there still exist various differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures. But with the development of cultural communication between China and the west, along with the strengthening of communication between China and the west, China has imported various kinds of western food, known as the "KFC" "DICOS", "McDonald". These mark a new western food culture exchanges and infiltration.
The impact brought about by economic globalization is stronger and deeper than the internationalization. Economic globalization is a double-edged sword, on one hand, it brings the vitality of economic growth, and on the other hand, the dominant culture is put into other countries through strong economic and infiltrated every corner of the globe. Therefore, the cultural communication focus on how to assimilate advantages of the other countries’ culture, abandon its shortcoming, and learn how to transform and make it localized, all countries need to study the issue. So in the face of the dietary cultural exchange problems between China and the West, we should find each other''s advantages and draw the mutual advantages, as China can learn from the point that western diet stresses nutrition match, and make the Chinese cuisine more outstanding.
China is the country of a long history with an ancient culture, and enriching in cultural traditions. She feeds the 1.3 billion Chinese people, and Chinese culture is very inclusive; in the course of development it absorbs a lot of different cultures. Moreover, now China does more efforts to draw all the outstanding achievements in the World. China''s reform and opening up policy create the conditions on international relations and cultural exchanges. We need to use such an opportunity to absorb the excellent cultures from other countries, to develop and create China''s new culture.
This work can make the world to know China better and let China go to the world.