英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合
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资料包括： 论文(21页6232字)
说明：
摘 要：本文从谚语文化角度着手，分析谚语中的文化因素，以及英汉谚语中的文化差异，尝试研究在谚语的英汉翻译过程中发生文化缺失时如何弥合。最终通过意译手段实现英语谚语的可译性，从而顺利完成跨文化交际活动，实现国际间的文化交流与传播。
关键词 谚语文化，文化缺失，意译，翻译补偿
Abstract
This paper analyzes the cultures in proverb to find the cultural differences between English and Chinese proverbs, and tries to study the way to bridge the cultural default. So, English proverb can be translated with the way of transliberation. And intercultural communication will be achieved successfully and intercultural cooperation and spread will be realized.
Key Words
Proverb culture; cultural default; transliberation; translation compensation
Introduction
There are several standards about translation criteria in and abroad. Yan Fu advocated the three words as translation criteria, namely, “faithfulness, smoothness and elegance”. Fraser advocated “Rather be alike in spirit than in appearance”. Zhang Peiji advocated “faithfulness and smoothness”. Eugene A. Nada advocated “functional equivalence” or “dynamic equivalence”. Those standards influence each other and improve gradually. Although they focus on differently, they have a common aim that translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; the style and the manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original, and translation should look as all the ease of original composition. In today’s society, translation is not only the generative speech semiotics, but also a behavior in intercultural communication. People use “intercultural communication”, “intercultural cooperation”, “acculturation” and “transculturation” to replace “translation”.
The cultural difference of English and Chinese, proverb may has the same literal meaning and figurative meaning, but different implied meaning. And implied meaning is the real meaning which the speaker or writer wants to express. The differences between English and Chinese proverbs can be converged into two categories: figurative meaning and implied meaning. And they are different literally, that is to say, they are the specific reflection of cultural differences.
Different country has different condition, history, religious belief and custom and so on. The English proverb and Chinese proverb express different national culture feature and culture information. Proverbs bear age, and he who would do well may review himself in them as in a looking glass.
Proverb is defined as a complete set sentence, which can be used as not only component in sentence but also a complete sentence to illustrate a complete meaning. Proverb is also the popular sayings that brighter so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that people are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegances. Proverb is brief and colorful; they more often than not teach you. With those features, to translator, the translation of proverb is usually the most difficult thing. Even if they are mastery of English, they translate proverbs not well by translation tools. The reason is that the cultural background of English proverb is usually missed in the target language. That is called cultural default. Therefore, when people translate English proverb, they should analyze and compare the cultural differences which are contained in different national proverbs. Then, it needs culture translation. To find a method to compensate cultural default, only in this way, the quality of the target language can be guaranteed.
目录：
AbstractⅠ
KeywordsⅠ
摘要Ⅱ
关键词Ⅱ
Introduction1
I. The Brief Introducton to Proverb3
II. Proverb Culture5
A.Cultural Factors in Proverb5
B.The Different Cultures Between English and Chinese Proverb.5
1.Custom5
2.Religious Belief6
3.Different Living Conditions.8
III. English Proverb Translation9
A.Attentions in English to Chinese Translation9
1.Misinterpretation of English Proverb9
2.The National Feature10
3.The Art of Language10
B.Transliberation11
C.Translation Compensation12
Conclusion14
Acknowledgements15
Bibliography16
参考文献：
Nida, Eugene A. Language, Culture, And Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2005.
Worth, Mark Shuttle. and Cowie, Moira. Dictionary of Translation Studies. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004.
Wang Zuoliang. European Culture: An Introduction. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005.
郭著章,李庆生. 英汉互译实用教程[M]. 武汉：武汉大学出版社，2003.
蒋磊. 英汉习语的文化观照与对比[M]. 武汉：武汉大学出版社，2000.
蒋学清. 英语谚语与翻译[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.
刘宓庆. 当代翻译理论[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.
史济兰. 英文谚语详解[M]. 西安：茘群科技出版社,2006.
泰勒. 原始文化[M]. 广西：广西师范大学出版社，2005.
吴冰. 汉译英口译教程[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002.
王德春. 汉英谚语与文化[M]. 上海：上海教育出版社，2003.
肖锐化. 实用英汉谚语词典[M]. 深圳：海天出版社，2006.
岩田一男. 英语谚语入门[M]. 北京：中国对外经济贸易出版社，1989.
张培基等. 英汉翻译教程[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003.
[15] 曾自立. 英语谚语概说[M]. 上海：商务印书馆，1983.
作者点评：
英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合
As English and Chinese proverbs have a long history with religious and literary features which show the people’s wisdom. However, English and Chinese proverbs belong to different cultural systems. And in the process of cultural communication people may meet many difficulties caused by cultural differences. This paper adopts the method of illustration with examples to find the different cultures between English and Chinese proverbs, and tries to study the way to bridge the cultural default. So, English proverb can be translated with the way of transliberation. And intercultural communication will be achieved successfully and intercultural cooperation and spread will be realized.
The cultural default of English proverb is a fact, but which has way to compensate. It can be compensated by transliberation to make English proverb translatability.
资料包括： 论文(21页6232字)
说明：
摘 要：本文从谚语文化角度着手，分析谚语中的文化因素，以及英汉谚语中的文化差异，尝试研究在谚语的英汉翻译过程中发生文化缺失时如何弥合。最终通过意译手段实现英语谚语的可译性，从而顺利完成跨文化交际活动，实现国际间的文化交流与传播。
关键词 谚语文化，文化缺失，意译，翻译补偿
Abstract
This paper analyzes the cultures in proverb to find the cultural differences between English and Chinese proverbs, and tries to study the way to bridge the cultural default. So, English proverb can be translated with the way of transliberation. And intercultural communication will be achieved successfully and intercultural cooperation and spread will be realized.
Key Words
Proverb culture; cultural default; transliberation; translation compensation
Introduction
There are several standards about translation criteria in and abroad. Yan Fu advocated the three words as translation criteria, namely, “faithfulness, smoothness and elegance”. Fraser advocated “Rather be alike in spirit than in appearance”. Zhang Peiji advocated “faithfulness and smoothness”. Eugene A. Nada advocated “functional equivalence” or “dynamic equivalence”. Those standards influence each other and improve gradually. Although they focus on differently, they have a common aim that translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; the style and the manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original, and translation should look as all the ease of original composition. In today’s society, translation is not only the generative speech semiotics, but also a behavior in intercultural communication. People use “intercultural communication”, “intercultural cooperation”, “acculturation” and “transculturation” to replace “translation”.
The cultural difference of English and Chinese, proverb may has the same literal meaning and figurative meaning, but different implied meaning. And implied meaning is the real meaning which the speaker or writer wants to express. The differences between English and Chinese proverbs can be converged into two categories: figurative meaning and implied meaning. And they are different literally, that is to say, they are the specific reflection of cultural differences.
Different country has different condition, history, religious belief and custom and so on. The English proverb and Chinese proverb express different national culture feature and culture information. Proverbs bear age, and he who would do well may review himself in them as in a looking glass.
Proverb is defined as a complete set sentence, which can be used as not only component in sentence but also a complete sentence to illustrate a complete meaning. Proverb is also the popular sayings that brighter so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that people are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegances. Proverb is brief and colorful; they more often than not teach you. With those features, to translator, the translation of proverb is usually the most difficult thing. Even if they are mastery of English, they translate proverbs not well by translation tools. The reason is that the cultural background of English proverb is usually missed in the target language. That is called cultural default. Therefore, when people translate English proverb, they should analyze and compare the cultural differences which are contained in different national proverbs. Then, it needs culture translation. To find a method to compensate cultural default, only in this way, the quality of the target language can be guaranteed.
目录：
AbstractⅠ
KeywordsⅠ
摘要Ⅱ
关键词Ⅱ
Introduction1
I. The Brief Introducton to Proverb3
II. Proverb Culture5
A.Cultural Factors in Proverb5
B.The Different Cultures Between English and Chinese Proverb.5
1.Custom5
2.Religious Belief6
3.Different Living Conditions.8
III. English Proverb Translation9
A.Attentions in English to Chinese Translation9
1.Misinterpretation of English Proverb9
2.The National Feature10
3.The Art of Language10
B.Transliberation11
C.Translation Compensation12
Conclusion14
Acknowledgements15
Bibliography16
参考文献：
Nida, Eugene A. Language, Culture, And Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2005.
Worth, Mark Shuttle. and Cowie, Moira. Dictionary of Translation Studies. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2004.
Wang Zuoliang. European Culture: An Introduction. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005.
郭著章,李庆生. 英汉互译实用教程[M]. 武汉：武汉大学出版社，2003.
蒋磊. 英汉习语的文化观照与对比[M]. 武汉：武汉大学出版社，2000.
蒋学清. 英语谚语与翻译[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.
刘宓庆. 当代翻译理论[M]. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.
史济兰. 英文谚语详解[M]. 西安：茘群科技出版社,2006.
泰勒. 原始文化[M]. 广西：广西师范大学出版社，2005.
吴冰. 汉译英口译教程[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002.
王德春. 汉英谚语与文化[M]. 上海：上海教育出版社，2003.
肖锐化. 实用英汉谚语词典[M]. 深圳：海天出版社，2006.
岩田一男. 英语谚语入门[M]. 北京：中国对外经济贸易出版社，1989.
张培基等. 英汉翻译教程[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003.
[15] 曾自立. 英语谚语概说[M]. 上海：商务印书馆，1983.
作者点评：
英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合
As English and Chinese proverbs have a long history with religious and literary features which show the people’s wisdom. However, English and Chinese proverbs belong to different cultural systems. And in the process of cultural communication people may meet many difficulties caused by cultural differences. This paper adopts the method of illustration with examples to find the different cultures between English and Chinese proverbs, and tries to study the way to bridge the cultural default. So, English proverb can be translated with the way of transliberation. And intercultural communication will be achieved successfully and intercultural cooperation and spread will be realized.
The cultural default of English proverb is a fact, but which has way to compensate. It can be compensated by transliberation to make English proverb translatability.