汉语语言环境对英语学习的影响
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资料包括： 论文(22页5612字)
说明：
摘 要：由于国际间的交流日益频繁，中国学生必须很好地掌握英语这门语言。目前，学生们接触英语的机会很多，而且我们国家也花了大量的人力、物力，着重培养英语人才。然而，学生们英语学习的进展却不尽人意，许多人花了大力气学英语，最后却发现它既费时，又费力。本文主要分析了影响英语学习的重要因素：社会环境、两种语言间的差异，学生学习英语的目的与动机。根据斯波尔斯基的《第二语言学习条件》理论可知,中国学生在学习英语过程中受汉语环境的影响颇深，缺乏英语语言环境。要克服这种影响，学习者首先要注意语言的迁移作用和跨文化的交流，其次要端正学习的态度，树立可达到的目标，最后尽可能利用现有的的资源创造适合学习英语的条件。
关键词 ：汉语语境；第二语言学习;条件；语言迁移
Abstract
A good mastery of English has become a must for all the students in China because of frequent communication between countries. It is easy for the students to get access to English. And our country lays stress on fostering English talents. But the present situation of English learning is that many people have labored on it but only to find it is a waste of time and energy. This thesis analyzes the factors affecting the English learning which are social context, the distinction between these two languages and the students’ goals and motivations. With Bernard Spolsky’s theory, the author explains the most important conditions for second language learning: social context, cultural background, exposure condition and native pronunciation condition. He insists that learners should pay special attention to language transfer and intercultural communication. Besides, a good attitude is crucial. Available resources are also of great help to create good conditions for English learning in Chinese context.
Key Words
Chinese context; conditions; second language learning; language transfer
Introduction
English plays a very important role in every area of the society. Whether you are a teacher or a student, a farmer or a worker, a leader or a member, you have relations with English. In the long history, English has developed its individual uniqueness and it is easy to be adopted in most nations. Naturally, English has become the global language gradually and has its irreplaceable function and position. In another word, owing to its broad influence, the earth is becoming smaller and smaller. English, as an important tool, has a special function in the communications of all nations. It is estimated about 700 million to 800 million people can speak English. Apart from 400 million native speakers, the others are using English in different ways to different extent. At present up to 300 million people are learning English in China, and there are still more and more people joining the group of English learning. And the number of English learners is increasing rapidly.
However, among the English learners, not many have learned English well enough to communicate with English speakers. Both educators and linguistics are showing their concern about second language. Some are research into the English teaching methodology (the Grammar- translation Method, the Direct Method, the Oral Approach, the Audio-lingual Method, the Cognitive Approach, the Natural Approach, the Communicative Approach, etc.); some are analyzing relationship between psychology and second language acquisition( Sandra Lee Mckay, Nancy H. Hornberger, etc.), still some others are studying the way to learn English or a second language ( Bernard Spolsky, Claire Kranmsh, Elli Hinkel, Rod Ellis, etc.). At home, Yu Liming is studying language transfer, and Sun Mianzhi is exploring Chinese context and English learning. Indeed, teaching methodology, psychology and contexts affect the learning process. 目录：
AbstractI
Key WordsI
摘 要II
关键词II
Introduction1
I. Actuality of English Learning in China2
II. Factors Affecting English Learning3
A. The Restriction of Social Context3
B. Difference between the Two Languages4
C. The Goals and Motivation4
D. Phenomenon of Language Transfer5
Ⅲ. Distinctions between English and Chinese6
A. Structure7
B. Pronunciation7
C. Vocabulary7
D. Culture8
Ⅳ. Conditions for English Learning9
A. Social Context9
B. Attitudes and Motivation10
C. Native Pronunciation Condition11
D. Cultural Background11
Ⅴ. Creating Conditions for English Learning12
A. A Good Foundation of English12
B. A Good Attitude to English Learning12
C. Using Our Available Resources13
D. Cultural Communication13
E. Proper Use of Language Transfer13
Conclusion15
Acknowledgements16
Bibliography17
参考文献：
Ellis Rod. Understanding Second Language Acquisition.上海：外教社，1994.
Elis Rod. Second Language Acquisition. 上海：外教社，1994.
Hinkel, Eli Culture in Second Language Teaching and Learning.上海：外教社, 2003.
Kramsch Claire. Context and Culture in Language Teaching. 上海：外教社，1993.
Liu Shaozhong. Studies on Transfer in Second Language Acquisition.Guangxi Normal University Journal, 2001.(3).
Mckay, Sandra &Hornberger Nancy .Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching. 上海：外教社，2001.
Odlin, T. Language Transfer: Cross-linguistic Influence in Language Learning. 上海：外教社, 2001.
Spolsky Bernard. Condition for Second Language Learning. 上海：外教社, 2000.
戴凡，Smith Stephen. 文化碰撞—中国北美人际交往误解剖析. 上海：外教社, 2000.
戴炜栋、王栋.语言迁移研究：问题与思考.外国语，2002,（6）.
何善芬.英汉语言对比研究.上海：外教社，2002.
何自然. 语用学概论 [M]. 湖南教育出版社, 1988.
孙勉志.汉语环境与英语学习[M].上海：外教社，2001.
王菊泉，郑立信.英汉语言文化对比研究[M]. 上海：外教社, 2002.
[15]俞理明.语言迁移与二语习得—回顾、反思和研究[M].上海：外教社，2002.
作者点评：
汉语语言环境对英语学习的影响
English learning is a long process. It needs persistence and hard work. Though a lot of English learners have spent a lot of time and energy on it, the results are still not satisfactory. The native language ---Chinese, tightly restricts them. On the one hand, Chinese is one comprehensive language. It has its unique originality, structure, pronunciation, lexicology and cultural background and all these factors affect the process of English learning. On the other hand, the goals of the English learners in China are not the same, and they have different attitudes and motivations. So the degrees of mastery are different.
Most of the learners are learning English in Chinese context. Chinese has been deeply rooted in their memory. Although positive transfer helps with the second language learning, negative transfer leads to confusion. Language learning needs a lot of conditions and without these conditions; it is harder for them to learn the language well. So it is crucial to create some suitable conditions according to the learners’ needs. International communications enable Chinese learners to get easy access to native English speakers, so learners have a standard language condition. On the other hand, the Ministry of Educational has set up kinds of English curriculum standards to popularize English in the whole nation which is a good condition of the number of speakers. Development in science and technology provides learners with various visual and audio resources. With all those things to help, Chinese learners are destined to learn English well.
资料包括： 论文(22页5612字)
说明：
摘 要：由于国际间的交流日益频繁，中国学生必须很好地掌握英语这门语言。目前，学生们接触英语的机会很多，而且我们国家也花了大量的人力、物力，着重培养英语人才。然而，学生们英语学习的进展却不尽人意，许多人花了大力气学英语，最后却发现它既费时，又费力。本文主要分析了影响英语学习的重要因素：社会环境、两种语言间的差异，学生学习英语的目的与动机。根据斯波尔斯基的《第二语言学习条件》理论可知,中国学生在学习英语过程中受汉语环境的影响颇深，缺乏英语语言环境。要克服这种影响，学习者首先要注意语言的迁移作用和跨文化的交流，其次要端正学习的态度，树立可达到的目标，最后尽可能利用现有的的资源创造适合学习英语的条件。
关键词 ：汉语语境；第二语言学习;条件；语言迁移
Abstract
A good mastery of English has become a must for all the students in China because of frequent communication between countries. It is easy for the students to get access to English. And our country lays stress on fostering English talents. But the present situation of English learning is that many people have labored on it but only to find it is a waste of time and energy. This thesis analyzes the factors affecting the English learning which are social context, the distinction between these two languages and the students’ goals and motivations. With Bernard Spolsky’s theory, the author explains the most important conditions for second language learning: social context, cultural background, exposure condition and native pronunciation condition. He insists that learners should pay special attention to language transfer and intercultural communication. Besides, a good attitude is crucial. Available resources are also of great help to create good conditions for English learning in Chinese context.
Key Words
Chinese context; conditions; second language learning; language transfer
Introduction
English plays a very important role in every area of the society. Whether you are a teacher or a student, a farmer or a worker, a leader or a member, you have relations with English. In the long history, English has developed its individual uniqueness and it is easy to be adopted in most nations. Naturally, English has become the global language gradually and has its irreplaceable function and position. In another word, owing to its broad influence, the earth is becoming smaller and smaller. English, as an important tool, has a special function in the communications of all nations. It is estimated about 700 million to 800 million people can speak English. Apart from 400 million native speakers, the others are using English in different ways to different extent. At present up to 300 million people are learning English in China, and there are still more and more people joining the group of English learning. And the number of English learners is increasing rapidly.
However, among the English learners, not many have learned English well enough to communicate with English speakers. Both educators and linguistics are showing their concern about second language. Some are research into the English teaching methodology (the Grammar- translation Method, the Direct Method, the Oral Approach, the Audio-lingual Method, the Cognitive Approach, the Natural Approach, the Communicative Approach, etc.); some are analyzing relationship between psychology and second language acquisition( Sandra Lee Mckay, Nancy H. Hornberger, etc.), still some others are studying the way to learn English or a second language ( Bernard Spolsky, Claire Kranmsh, Elli Hinkel, Rod Ellis, etc.). At home, Yu Liming is studying language transfer, and Sun Mianzhi is exploring Chinese context and English learning. Indeed, teaching methodology, psychology and contexts affect the learning process. 目录：
AbstractI
Key WordsI
摘 要II
关键词II
Introduction1
I. Actuality of English Learning in China2
II. Factors Affecting English Learning3
A. The Restriction of Social Context3
B. Difference between the Two Languages4
C. The Goals and Motivation4
D. Phenomenon of Language Transfer5
Ⅲ. Distinctions between English and Chinese6
A. Structure7
B. Pronunciation7
C. Vocabulary7
D. Culture8
Ⅳ. Conditions for English Learning9
A. Social Context9
B. Attitudes and Motivation10
C. Native Pronunciation Condition11
D. Cultural Background11
Ⅴ. Creating Conditions for English Learning12
A. A Good Foundation of English12
B. A Good Attitude to English Learning12
C. Using Our Available Resources13
D. Cultural Communication13
E. Proper Use of Language Transfer13
Conclusion15
Acknowledgements16
Bibliography17
参考文献：
Ellis Rod. Understanding Second Language Acquisition.上海：外教社，1994.
Elis Rod. Second Language Acquisition. 上海：外教社，1994.
Hinkel, Eli Culture in Second Language Teaching and Learning.上海：外教社, 2003.
Kramsch Claire. Context and Culture in Language Teaching. 上海：外教社，1993.
Liu Shaozhong. Studies on Transfer in Second Language Acquisition.Guangxi Normal University Journal, 2001.(3).
Mckay, Sandra &Hornberger Nancy .Sociolinguistics and Language Teaching. 上海：外教社，2001.
Odlin, T. Language Transfer: Cross-linguistic Influence in Language Learning. 上海：外教社, 2001.
Spolsky Bernard. Condition for Second Language Learning. 上海：外教社, 2000.
戴凡，Smith Stephen. 文化碰撞—中国北美人际交往误解剖析. 上海：外教社, 2000.
戴炜栋、王栋.语言迁移研究：问题与思考.外国语，2002,（6）.
何善芬.英汉语言对比研究.上海：外教社，2002.
何自然. 语用学概论 [M]. 湖南教育出版社, 1988.
孙勉志.汉语环境与英语学习[M].上海：外教社，2001.
王菊泉，郑立信.英汉语言文化对比研究[M]. 上海：外教社, 2002.
[15]俞理明.语言迁移与二语习得—回顾、反思和研究[M].上海：外教社，2002.
作者点评：
汉语语言环境对英语学习的影响
English learning is a long process. It needs persistence and hard work. Though a lot of English learners have spent a lot of time and energy on it, the results are still not satisfactory. The native language ---Chinese, tightly restricts them. On the one hand, Chinese is one comprehensive language. It has its unique originality, structure, pronunciation, lexicology and cultural background and all these factors affect the process of English learning. On the other hand, the goals of the English learners in China are not the same, and they have different attitudes and motivations. So the degrees of mastery are different.
Most of the learners are learning English in Chinese context. Chinese has been deeply rooted in their memory. Although positive transfer helps with the second language learning, negative transfer leads to confusion. Language learning needs a lot of conditions and without these conditions; it is harder for them to learn the language well. So it is crucial to create some suitable conditions according to the learners’ needs. International communications enable Chinese learners to get easy access to native English speakers, so learners have a standard language condition. On the other hand, the Ministry of Educational has set up kinds of English curriculum standards to popularize English in the whole nation which is a good condition of the number of speakers. Development in science and technology provides learners with various visual and audio resources. With all those things to help, Chinese learners are destined to learn English well.