论《红字》中的孤独因素
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资料包括： 论文(20页5499字)
说明：
摘 要
纳撒尼尔．霍桑是美国非常著名的小说家。 他不仅创造了若干部经典的长篇小说,而且还书写了数量可观且耐人寻味的短篇小说.至今为止，霍桑和他的作品一直是中外学者讨论的对象。《红字》是霍桑的代表作品，它的主题具有多样性的特点，因此在主题研究领域存在各种不同的结论。大部分学者偏重于探讨小说中的原罪意识、霍桑的道德观念、宗教信仰和女性主义思想、个人与社会的关系以及大脑和心灵之间的冲突等因素, 而对小说中孤独因素的深入研究并不多见。 本文分析小说中的四位主人公各自的孤独感，表达霍桑在小说《红字》中体现的孤独因素。
关键词 ：《红字》；孤独；象征
Abstract
Nathanial Hawthorne is an extremely renowned American writer of fiction. He not only has created quiet a few classic novels, but also has written quantities of thought-provoking short stories. Until now, Hawthorne and his works have been the focus of discussion from the Chinese and foreign scholars. The theme of The Scarlet Letter is characterized by multiplicity and various conclusions are dram in the filed of the thematic studies. It seems that scholars have shown major concern with such diathesis as the original sin, the moral consciousness of Hawthorne, religious belief, individual and society, thoughts of female doctrine and the conflict between the head and the heart. However, very few scholars have ever done a thorough research into the loneliness diathesis of the novel. These detailed analyses four characters’ loneliness and express the aspects of loneliness in The Scarlet Letter.
Key Words
The Scarlet Letter; loneliness; symbol
Introduction
The Scarlet Letter was declared a classic almost immediately after its publication in 1850, and it has stayed in print and in favor ever since, it has been hailed both as the first symbolic novel and as the first psychological novel. But what really secures the place of The Scarlet Letter in the literary history is its treatment of human nature, sin, guilt, and pride-all timeless, universal themes-from a uniquely American point of view. There are many different comments and criticism and on the writer’s family background, the novel multiple themes and writing styles, the novel’s social and historical backdrops together with the novel’s significance in society and literature. This article has done a thorough research into the aspects of loneliness in the novel. The thesis is to elaborate four characters’ loneliness: Hester, Chillingworth, Dimmesdale and little Pearl. They are having different loneliness. Hester is a lonely pursuer for love; Chilingworth is a lonely revenge-seeker; Dimmesdale is a lonely beggar for god’s grace; Pearl is a lonely child asking for recognition. There are many symbolic representations in The Scarlet Letter. Such as names, appearances of the characters, some special events and actions, these can symbolize loneliness.
目录：
AbstractⅠ
Key Words..Ⅰ
摘 要……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
关键词……………………………………………………………………………….Ⅱ
Introduction.1
Ⅰ. A Brief Information about Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Scarlet Letter2
A.A Brief Introduction about Nathaniel Hawthorne..2
B.A Brief Introduction about the Novel2
Ⅱ. Causes the Aspects of Loneiness in The Scarlet Letter..4
A.Hawthorne’s Loneliness in His Personal Life………………………………….4
B.Social and Cultural Backdrops of the Novel……………………………………4
Ⅲ. Four Characters’ Loneliness in The Scarlet Letter..5
A .Hester Prynne’s Lonely Pursuer for Love..5
B .Chillingworth’s Lonely Revenge-Seeker6
C .Dimmesdale’s Lonely Beggar for God’s Grace..7
D .Pearl’s Lonely Asking for Recongnition.9
Ⅳ. Symbolic Repersentations of Loneliness..10
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………13
Acknowledgements…………………………………………….………………..…14
Bibliography……………………………………………………………….…..15
参考文献：
Chen Li. Interpretations of loneliness: Thematic Research into The Scarlet Letter. Shanghai: Journal of East China’s University of Science and Technology 2001, 62(2).
Chao Yaoxin, ed. A Survey of American Literature. Tianjing: Nan Kai University press, 1996.
Hawthorne. Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Beijing: The Commercial press, 1996.
John C. Gerber. New York: Twentieth Century Interpretation of The Scarlet Letter. Hungry minds Inc, 1968.
Tian wujun. Symbolic meanings of the names in the scarlet letter by Hawthorne. Beijing: Foreign literature studies.1999, 83(1).
Wu Yong. Analyzing The Theme of The Scarlet Letter and The Wuthering Heights. Guiyang: Journal of Guiyang Teacher’s college, 2001, 65(3).
陈淳，何乃英.外国文学史纲要[M]. 北京：北京师范大学出版社，1993.
陈爱民.20世纪英美文学论稿[M]. 上海：上海师范教育出版社，2002.
甘文平.惊奇的回归—红字中海斯特．白兰的形象解读[J]. 上海：外国文学研究，2003,(3) .
黄晋凯，李正荣著.西方文学史[M]. 成都：四川人民出版社，2003.
霍桑．纳撒尼尔.红字[M]. 姚乃强译.南京：译林出版社，2002.
盛宁.20世纪美国文学理论[M]. 北京：北京大学出版社，1994.
史志康主编.美国文学背景概况[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998.
周建平.颂扬真善美 鞭笞假丑恶—红字中主题道德意义探析[J]. 南京：南京邮电学院, 2002,4（3）.
[15] 赵亚莉.红字中女性意识探析[J]. 忻州师范学院报，2002,18（5）
作者点评：
论《红字》中的孤独因素
As far as his writing style is concerned, Hawthorne has contributed a lot to both American and world literature. He is the first American writer to define his works as Romances. His romantic writing is a landmark of the Romantic period in American literature, and his four romances enrich the world literature as well. Besides, Hawthorne is one of the forefathers of symbols.
This thesis express loneliness by four characters, embody people’s psychology in the specifically society. At the same time, The scarlet letter is often used as an example to show Hawthorne’s skills in using symbols.
Hawthorne’s contribution to symbolism also lies in the fact that he advised his contemporary Herman Melville to rewrite his Moby Dick, which turns out to be a great success by employing symbolism in the story. Hawthorne is also a master of psychological description. The science of psychoanalysis is based on Sigmund Freud’s theory of the instinctual drivers and C.G Jung’s theory of Collective Unconsciousness. The theories in psychoanalysis greatly influenced modern writers, and produced a fresh way of writing: stream- of- consciousness, which was popular in the 20th century. In fact, long before the term “psychoanalysis” came into being, Hawthorne had already begun to practice the technique of psychoanalytical writing to explore the inner mind of the characters. Hawthorne is worthy of the title as a path-breaker in psychoanalytical writing. In terms of his thematic choices or his writing style, Hawthorne is a writer ahead of his time. His literary achievements enlightened his contemporaries as well as other writers after him
资料包括： 论文(20页5499字)
说明：
摘 要
纳撒尼尔．霍桑是美国非常著名的小说家。 他不仅创造了若干部经典的长篇小说,而且还书写了数量可观且耐人寻味的短篇小说.至今为止，霍桑和他的作品一直是中外学者讨论的对象。《红字》是霍桑的代表作品，它的主题具有多样性的特点，因此在主题研究领域存在各种不同的结论。大部分学者偏重于探讨小说中的原罪意识、霍桑的道德观念、宗教信仰和女性主义思想、个人与社会的关系以及大脑和心灵之间的冲突等因素, 而对小说中孤独因素的深入研究并不多见。 本文分析小说中的四位主人公各自的孤独感，表达霍桑在小说《红字》中体现的孤独因素。
关键词 ：《红字》；孤独；象征
Abstract
Nathanial Hawthorne is an extremely renowned American writer of fiction. He not only has created quiet a few classic novels, but also has written quantities of thought-provoking short stories. Until now, Hawthorne and his works have been the focus of discussion from the Chinese and foreign scholars. The theme of The Scarlet Letter is characterized by multiplicity and various conclusions are dram in the filed of the thematic studies. It seems that scholars have shown major concern with such diathesis as the original sin, the moral consciousness of Hawthorne, religious belief, individual and society, thoughts of female doctrine and the conflict between the head and the heart. However, very few scholars have ever done a thorough research into the loneliness diathesis of the novel. These detailed analyses four characters’ loneliness and express the aspects of loneliness in The Scarlet Letter.
Key Words
The Scarlet Letter; loneliness; symbol
Introduction
The Scarlet Letter was declared a classic almost immediately after its publication in 1850, and it has stayed in print and in favor ever since, it has been hailed both as the first symbolic novel and as the first psychological novel. But what really secures the place of The Scarlet Letter in the literary history is its treatment of human nature, sin, guilt, and pride-all timeless, universal themes-from a uniquely American point of view. There are many different comments and criticism and on the writer’s family background, the novel multiple themes and writing styles, the novel’s social and historical backdrops together with the novel’s significance in society and literature. This article has done a thorough research into the aspects of loneliness in the novel. The thesis is to elaborate four characters’ loneliness: Hester, Chillingworth, Dimmesdale and little Pearl. They are having different loneliness. Hester is a lonely pursuer for love; Chilingworth is a lonely revenge-seeker; Dimmesdale is a lonely beggar for god’s grace; Pearl is a lonely child asking for recognition. There are many symbolic representations in The Scarlet Letter. Such as names, appearances of the characters, some special events and actions, these can symbolize loneliness.
目录：
AbstractⅠ
Key Words..Ⅰ
摘 要……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
关键词……………………………………………………………………………….Ⅱ
Introduction.1
Ⅰ. A Brief Information about Nathaniel Hawthorne and The Scarlet Letter2
A.A Brief Introduction about Nathaniel Hawthorne..2
B.A Brief Introduction about the Novel2
Ⅱ. Causes the Aspects of Loneiness in The Scarlet Letter..4
A.Hawthorne’s Loneliness in His Personal Life………………………………….4
B.Social and Cultural Backdrops of the Novel……………………………………4
Ⅲ. Four Characters’ Loneliness in The Scarlet Letter..5
A .Hester Prynne’s Lonely Pursuer for Love..5
B .Chillingworth’s Lonely Revenge-Seeker6
C .Dimmesdale’s Lonely Beggar for God’s Grace..7
D .Pearl’s Lonely Asking for Recongnition.9
Ⅳ. Symbolic Repersentations of Loneliness..10
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………13
Acknowledgements…………………………………………….………………..…14
Bibliography……………………………………………………………….…..15
参考文献：
Chen Li. Interpretations of loneliness: Thematic Research into The Scarlet Letter. Shanghai: Journal of East China’s University of Science and Technology 2001, 62(2).
Chao Yaoxin, ed. A Survey of American Literature. Tianjing: Nan Kai University press, 1996.
Hawthorne. Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Beijing: The Commercial press, 1996.
John C. Gerber. New York: Twentieth Century Interpretation of The Scarlet Letter. Hungry minds Inc, 1968.
Tian wujun. Symbolic meanings of the names in the scarlet letter by Hawthorne. Beijing: Foreign literature studies.1999, 83(1).
Wu Yong. Analyzing The Theme of The Scarlet Letter and The Wuthering Heights. Guiyang: Journal of Guiyang Teacher’s college, 2001, 65(3).
陈淳，何乃英.外国文学史纲要[M]. 北京：北京师范大学出版社，1993.
陈爱民.20世纪英美文学论稿[M]. 上海：上海师范教育出版社，2002.
甘文平.惊奇的回归—红字中海斯特．白兰的形象解读[J]. 上海：外国文学研究，2003,(3) .
黄晋凯，李正荣著.西方文学史[M]. 成都：四川人民出版社，2003.
霍桑．纳撒尼尔.红字[M]. 姚乃强译.南京：译林出版社，2002.
盛宁.20世纪美国文学理论[M]. 北京：北京大学出版社，1994.
史志康主编.美国文学背景概况[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1998.
周建平.颂扬真善美 鞭笞假丑恶—红字中主题道德意义探析[J]. 南京：南京邮电学院, 2002,4（3）.
[15] 赵亚莉.红字中女性意识探析[J]. 忻州师范学院报，2002,18（5）
作者点评：
论《红字》中的孤独因素
As far as his writing style is concerned, Hawthorne has contributed a lot to both American and world literature. He is the first American writer to define his works as Romances. His romantic writing is a landmark of the Romantic period in American literature, and his four romances enrich the world literature as well. Besides, Hawthorne is one of the forefathers of symbols.
This thesis express loneliness by four characters, embody people’s psychology in the specifically society. At the same time, The scarlet letter is often used as an example to show Hawthorne’s skills in using symbols.
Hawthorne’s contribution to symbolism also lies in the fact that he advised his contemporary Herman Melville to rewrite his Moby Dick, which turns out to be a great success by employing symbolism in the story. Hawthorne is also a master of psychological description. The science of psychoanalysis is based on Sigmund Freud’s theory of the instinctual drivers and C.G Jung’s theory of Collective Unconsciousness. The theories in psychoanalysis greatly influenced modern writers, and produced a fresh way of writing: stream- of- consciousness, which was popular in the 20th century. In fact, long before the term “psychoanalysis” came into being, Hawthorne had already begun to practice the technique of psychoanalytical writing to explore the inner mind of the characters. Hawthorne is worthy of the title as a path-breaker in psychoanalytical writing. In terms of his thematic choices or his writing style, Hawthorne is a writer ahead of his time. His literary achievements enlightened his contemporaries as well as other writers after him