文化差异对第二语言学习的影响
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资料包括： 论文(24页6339字)
说明：
摘 要：随着英语学习在中国的流行，越来越多的人倾心于研究这门语言和这门语言的学习，英语学习对中国学习者来说是第二语言的学习。由于语言与文化的关系，语言的学习当然少不了对文化的了解与学习，而第二语言的学习更会涉及跨文化交际。本文着重分析中英两种文化的差异对中国学习者学习英语的干扰。首先从第二语言学习的相关背景及语言与文化的关系的角度提出背景知识对第二语言学习的重要性，接着从学习一门语言最基本的两个过程“接收”和“表达”来分别具体分析中英两种文化的差异及其给学习者们造成的不良影响,最后以介绍怎样避免这些差异导致的影响以及学习者们的态度总结全文。
关键词：文化差异; 第二语言学习; 影响
Abstract
With English learning becoming popular in China, more and more people would like to throw their energy into the research of this language. Because of the relationship between language and culture, English learning is not only the language learning but also the culture learning. It is necessary to learn about the cultural background of this language. For Chinese learner, English learning is the second language learning, it has inevitably involved cross-cultural communication, so the cultural differences are important factors in it. This devotes to a discussion on the effects of cultural difference in second language learning. Firstly, it advances the idea that the cultural differences certainly have important effects in second language learning, in the view of aspects of the second language learning and the relation between language and culture. Secondly，it analyzes concretely the cultural differences and their effects from the two basic courses in language learning, namely “input and output”. Finally, it introduces some ways to avoid these interferences and discusses what attitude we should adopt for these effects.
Key Words
Cultural differences; second language learning; effects
Introduction
Nowadays English study is more and more popular in China. As we know that almost all colleges, universities and other kinds of institutions of higher learning have Foreign Languages and Cultures Department, and the main section is English. As an English major student, I am also one of the members of Chinese learners. And today bilingual kindergartens, bilingual primary schools are not rare for us; moreover, English becomes the required course for every student in high schools.
As it is so popular and important but what should we pay attention to this language learning? And how do we study it well?
In the textbook of interpreting skill between Chinese and English, there are such words to definite interpreting. “Interpretation is a bilingual communicative activity, in which the act of expressing and understanding the message is carried out twice. First, the message is sent by the speaker and understood by the interpreter, and then the same message is send by the interpreter and understood by the audience. The object of interpretation is to convey the meaning of a discourse.” It puts stress on the “meaning” namely refers to “the thinking of a speaker”, then it takes an instance to explain this. When Chinese hosts invite the west guests, in order to be polite, Chinese hosts always say “I am so sorry to that there are not any good things to treat you.” Every Chinese people know that the real meaning of these words is “This is but a homely meal” so the interpreter is not allowed to translate the Chinese sentence word for word as “my hospitality is inadequate, and tonight’s food is not good enough”. If he or she does like this, it loses all the courtesy implications of the Chinese host, and what’s more, it may be completely incomprehensible to westerners.
Indeed this is a completed translation without any grammatical mistakes but hasn’t conveyed the meaning of the speaker just because it is related to the influence of the culture background. China, influenced by several thousand years’ Confucianism, is promoting courtesy. But to westerns, there should be no show of false humility, no pretended modesty, rather than it; they prefer to transmit their hospitality to guests directly and generously accept the appreciation and praise from guests. There is a point should be concerned that learning a foreign language not only means the language learning, but also the culture learning, especially the differences between two cultures.
目录：
Abstract……………………………………………………………………….….…….I
Key Words……………………………………………………………………….…..I
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………….…..II
关键词…………………………………………………………………………………………..…II
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………1
I. Background about the Second Language Learning……………………..…….…….3
A. The Introduction to Second Language Learning………………..……………….3
B. The Importance of Culture in Second Language Learning………………….…..3
II. The Cultural Differences and Their Effects..………………………….………..…..4
A.Brief Introduction to the Cultural Differences………………………………..4
B.Cultural Differences in Input………………………………………..…………..5
C.Cultural Differences in Output……………..………………………………..10
III. Overcoming the Problems Aroused by Cultural Differences………………..…14
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………17
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………..………………18
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………….19
参考文献：
A.P.R. Howatt. A History of English Language Teaching, Shanghai, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1984.
Claive Kramsch. Context and Culture in Language Teaching, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993.
Jack C. Richards. The Language Teaching Materix, Shanghai, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002.
Schmidt. R. The role of consciousness in second language learning, Applied Linguistics, 1990.
邓炎昌, 刘润清．语言与文化--英汉语言文化对比[M]．北京：外语教学与语言研究出版社，1989．
胡文仲．跨文化交际学概论[M]．北京：外语教学与语言研究出版社，1999．
韩红．全球化语境下外语教学中的跨文化意识[J]．外语学刊，2002，（1）．
陆国强．现代英语词汇学[M]．上海：上海外语教育出版社，1983．
罗常培． 语言与文化[M]． 语文出版社．1989．
厦门大学外文系．中英英语合作项目小组．新编英语口译教程[M]．上海外语教育出版社，1999．
王佑良．英语文体学论文集[M]．北京：外语教学与语言研究出版社，1980．
戌林海．翻译与文化背景知识[J]．外语教学 1990，（1）．
俞理明．语言迁徙与二语习得[M]．上海外语教育出版社，2004．
张建理, 骆蓉．英汉空间—时间隐喻的深层对比研究[J]．外语学刊，2007，（2）．
[15] 周利娟, 郭涛．再谈合作原则，礼貌原则及关联原则[J]．外语学刊，2000，（1）．
[16] 朱达秋．语言的社会变体与翻译[J]．外语学刊，2001，（4）．
作者点评：
文化差异对第二语言学习的影响
Generally speaking, language are forms of the cultures, every language has its own cultural pattern, so do English and Chinese. We know that to measure another language and its culture by using the native language and culture will cause language mistake or cultures misunderstanding, sometimes even both of them. Although there are differences between them, in my view, as long as we hold the right attitude to them, the interferences can be avoided. In the course of learning a foreign language we should learn about the history, culture, tradition, custom, the way of life, even the life details of the target language profoundly and carefully, we should learn about these differences between the two languages, as to be an expert in foreign cultures. In fact, it is impossible to learn typical foreign language without the learning foreign cultures, but to imitate and copy without distinction is certainly not the attitude we should adopt. Learners should pay attention to distinguish the target cultural pattern and the native cultural pattern. It is the best to be a Chinese learner who is familiar with second language cultures.
资料包括： 论文(24页6339字)
说明：
摘 要：随着英语学习在中国的流行，越来越多的人倾心于研究这门语言和这门语言的学习，英语学习对中国学习者来说是第二语言的学习。由于语言与文化的关系，语言的学习当然少不了对文化的了解与学习，而第二语言的学习更会涉及跨文化交际。本文着重分析中英两种文化的差异对中国学习者学习英语的干扰。首先从第二语言学习的相关背景及语言与文化的关系的角度提出背景知识对第二语言学习的重要性，接着从学习一门语言最基本的两个过程“接收”和“表达”来分别具体分析中英两种文化的差异及其给学习者们造成的不良影响,最后以介绍怎样避免这些差异导致的影响以及学习者们的态度总结全文。
关键词：文化差异; 第二语言学习; 影响
Abstract
With English learning becoming popular in China, more and more people would like to throw their energy into the research of this language. Because of the relationship between language and culture, English learning is not only the language learning but also the culture learning. It is necessary to learn about the cultural background of this language. For Chinese learner, English learning is the second language learning, it has inevitably involved cross-cultural communication, so the cultural differences are important factors in it. This devotes to a discussion on the effects of cultural difference in second language learning. Firstly, it advances the idea that the cultural differences certainly have important effects in second language learning, in the view of aspects of the second language learning and the relation between language and culture. Secondly，it analyzes concretely the cultural differences and their effects from the two basic courses in language learning, namely “input and output”. Finally, it introduces some ways to avoid these interferences and discusses what attitude we should adopt for these effects.
Key Words
Cultural differences; second language learning; effects
Introduction
Nowadays English study is more and more popular in China. As we know that almost all colleges, universities and other kinds of institutions of higher learning have Foreign Languages and Cultures Department, and the main section is English. As an English major student, I am also one of the members of Chinese learners. And today bilingual kindergartens, bilingual primary schools are not rare for us; moreover, English becomes the required course for every student in high schools.
As it is so popular and important but what should we pay attention to this language learning? And how do we study it well?
In the textbook of interpreting skill between Chinese and English, there are such words to definite interpreting. “Interpretation is a bilingual communicative activity, in which the act of expressing and understanding the message is carried out twice. First, the message is sent by the speaker and understood by the interpreter, and then the same message is send by the interpreter and understood by the audience. The object of interpretation is to convey the meaning of a discourse.” It puts stress on the “meaning” namely refers to “the thinking of a speaker”, then it takes an instance to explain this. When Chinese hosts invite the west guests, in order to be polite, Chinese hosts always say “I am so sorry to that there are not any good things to treat you.” Every Chinese people know that the real meaning of these words is “This is but a homely meal” so the interpreter is not allowed to translate the Chinese sentence word for word as “my hospitality is inadequate, and tonight’s food is not good enough”. If he or she does like this, it loses all the courtesy implications of the Chinese host, and what’s more, it may be completely incomprehensible to westerners.
Indeed this is a completed translation without any grammatical mistakes but hasn’t conveyed the meaning of the speaker just because it is related to the influence of the culture background. China, influenced by several thousand years’ Confucianism, is promoting courtesy. But to westerns, there should be no show of false humility, no pretended modesty, rather than it; they prefer to transmit their hospitality to guests directly and generously accept the appreciation and praise from guests. There is a point should be concerned that learning a foreign language not only means the language learning, but also the culture learning, especially the differences between two cultures.
目录：
Abstract……………………………………………………………………….….…….I
Key Words……………………………………………………………………….…..I
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………….…..II
关键词…………………………………………………………………………………………..…II
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………1
I. Background about the Second Language Learning……………………..…….…….3
A. The Introduction to Second Language Learning………………..……………….3
B. The Importance of Culture in Second Language Learning………………….…..3
II. The Cultural Differences and Their Effects..………………………….………..…..4
A.Brief Introduction to the Cultural Differences………………………………..4
B.Cultural Differences in Input………………………………………..…………..5
C.Cultural Differences in Output……………..………………………………..10
III. Overcoming the Problems Aroused by Cultural Differences………………..…14
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………17
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………..………………18
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………….19
参考文献：
A.P.R. Howatt. A History of English Language Teaching, Shanghai, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1984.
Claive Kramsch. Context and Culture in Language Teaching, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993.
Jack C. Richards. The Language Teaching Materix, Shanghai, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002.
Schmidt. R. The role of consciousness in second language learning, Applied Linguistics, 1990.
邓炎昌, 刘润清．语言与文化--英汉语言文化对比[M]．北京：外语教学与语言研究出版社，1989．
胡文仲．跨文化交际学概论[M]．北京：外语教学与语言研究出版社，1999．
韩红．全球化语境下外语教学中的跨文化意识[J]．外语学刊，2002，（1）．
陆国强．现代英语词汇学[M]．上海：上海外语教育出版社，1983．
罗常培． 语言与文化[M]． 语文出版社．1989．
厦门大学外文系．中英英语合作项目小组．新编英语口译教程[M]．上海外语教育出版社，1999．
王佑良．英语文体学论文集[M]．北京：外语教学与语言研究出版社，1980．
戌林海．翻译与文化背景知识[J]．外语教学 1990，（1）．
俞理明．语言迁徙与二语习得[M]．上海外语教育出版社，2004．
张建理, 骆蓉．英汉空间—时间隐喻的深层对比研究[J]．外语学刊，2007，（2）．
[15] 周利娟, 郭涛．再谈合作原则，礼貌原则及关联原则[J]．外语学刊，2000，（1）．
[16] 朱达秋．语言的社会变体与翻译[J]．外语学刊，2001，（4）．
作者点评：
文化差异对第二语言学习的影响
Generally speaking, language are forms of the cultures, every language has its own cultural pattern, so do English and Chinese. We know that to measure another language and its culture by using the native language and culture will cause language mistake or cultures misunderstanding, sometimes even both of them. Although there are differences between them, in my view, as long as we hold the right attitude to them, the interferences can be avoided. In the course of learning a foreign language we should learn about the history, culture, tradition, custom, the way of life, even the life details of the target language profoundly and carefully, we should learn about these differences between the two languages, as to be an expert in foreign cultures. In fact, it is impossible to learn typical foreign language without the learning foreign cultures, but to imitate and copy without distinction is certainly not the attitude we should adopt. Learners should pay attention to distinguish the target cultural pattern and the native cultural pattern. It is the best to be a Chinese learner who is familiar with second language cultures.