在中西方文化背景中对龙的不同阐释
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资料包括： 论文(20页5152字)
说明：
摘 要：从古至今，中国人都对汉字龙感到自豪，因为龙是吉祥和权威的象征。而在西方人的眼中，英语单词dragon意味着罪恶和怪物，是邪恶的象征。因此龙和dragon在很大的程度上是不同的。但是在英译汉或汉译英中，我们会经常把这两个词互译。这种翻译忽视了中西方文化的差异，从而造成了严重的文化误解。显而易见，这种翻译是有问题的。因此如何把汉字龙翻译成英语就成为一个很严肃的问题。从龙和dragon的差异、汉语和英语这两种语言特点的差异来确定龙的英译不失为一种好的方法.
关键词 ：文化差异；dragon; 龙；Loong；翻译
Abstract
Chinese people are proud of Chinese word long from ancient times till now, which is the symbol of auspiciousness and authority. But in Western people’s eyes, the English word dragon is the symbol of devil and bugbear. So long and dragon are quite different. But in English-Chinese or Chinese-English translations, the two words are often translated into each other. The translations ignore the differences between Chinese and Western culture, and cause cultural misunderstanding. So how to translate Chinese word long into English becomes a serious problem. It is a good way to translate them from the differences between long and dragon, from the relation between characteristics of Chinese language and English language.
Key Words
Cultural differences; dragon; long; Loong; translation
Introduction
It is well-known that there are many differences between Chinese and Western culture. Nowadays cultural communication between different countries is very frequent, so accurate translation becomes in great need as occasions require. But great differences exist in different languages. People in every nation always understand other nations’ culture with their own views without considering whether they are right or wrong in origin, as is a very common phenomenon. Hence the misunderstandings between different nations come into being. It is more and more important that cultural understanding serves as the communicational way between different nations. And people also have begun to notice the misunderstandings caused by translations. Especially culture-loaded words, which stand for every nation’s culture and spirit, are translated carelessly. Then misunderstandings spread and expand. Taking Chinese word long for example, long is a traditional culture-loaded word. Long is always translated into English word dragon in many translations. But the English word dragon is a kind of bugbear, which can breathe out fire according to western legend. Because of the translation from long to dragon, great misunderstanding exists between Chinese people’s and western people’s minds.
目录：
AbstractI
Key WordsI
摘 要II
关键词II
Introduction1
Ⅰ.The Differences between Chinese Word Long and English Word Dragon2
A.Long in China2
B. Dragon in Western Countries3
C. Comparison between Long and Dragon5
Ⅱ.Some Problems in Translation5
A. Illustration of the Wrong Translation of Long6
B．Misunderstandings Caused by the Wrong Translation7
Ⅲ.The Right Way of English Translation of Long9
A. Some Theories in Translation9
B. One Way of Translating into long9
C. Another Way of Translating into Loong10
Conclusion12
Acknowledgements14
Bibliography15
参考文献：
Barbara Walker. The Woman''s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects[S]. San
Francisco: Harper, 1988.
Feng Shimei. Chinese-Western Cultural Differences and Chinese-English Translation. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2001.
Jack Tresidder. Symbols and Their Meanings. London: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Li Juan. The Cultural Difference in the Understanding and Translating of English and Chinese Word Zhao. Ji Yuan: Ji Yuan Vocational and Technical College, 1998.
Wang Jian. Cultural Differences between English Words and Chinese Words.
Journal of LAN Zhou Petrochemical College of Technology, 2006.
郭著章,李庆生.英汉互译实用教程[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社，2003 .
何善芬.英汉语言对比语言研究[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005.
李大琦.新英汉词典[S].北京：外文出版社，2002.
李金中,吴德宝.汉字实用知识[S].上海：文汇出版社，1995.
李佐文,郑朝红.语言与文化[M].石家庄：河北大学出版社，2005.
马克斯威尔.圣经故事[M].上海：上海译文出版社，2005.
许慎.说文解字[M]．北京：中华书局，1963.
杨自俭.英汉语比较与翻译（3）[M].上海：上海外语教学出版社,2006.
袁立.English说文解字[M].北京：中国世界语出版社，2000.
[15] 左猋风.论文化的可译性[D].上海：上海外语教学出版社，2006.
[16] 张向阳.最新实用英汉典故词典[S].武汉：湖北教育出版社，2001.
作者点评：
在中西方文化背景中对龙的不同阐释
Culture is a very critic element in international communication. The development of China benefits from it to let foreigners absorb Chinese culture better. But Chinese culture has its specialty. If Chinese people want to introduce it to other countries, and make foreigners understand or accept it correctly, the culture-loaded words must be translated properly. If not, misunderstandings will happen, and the functions of cultural communication will not exist.
In this article the writer takes long for example, introducing the problems in translations. Every Chinese person regards Loong as a kind of lucky animal. When talking about it, Chinese people will think of Loong Boat Festival, Chinese Kings, and legend and so on. But because of improper English translation dragon, many foreigners do not understand Chinese Loong culture. They think that Loong is bugbear, which is just like dragon in Western culture. They cannot understand why Chinese people regard Loong as Chinese symbol. The cost is very ponderous. Because of this misunderstanding, the Olympic Committee did not choose Loong as Olympic mascot. Because of the improper translation, westerners think Chinese people ugly, and think Chinese culture preposterous. This mistake has been in people’s minds for a long time. When looking up it in the dictionary, the wrong answers also can be seen. When Chinese people communicate with foreigners and introduce Chinese Loong culture to them, how do they think Chinese people? So Chinese people must correct this mistake by us, it is impossible for westerners to help Chinese people correct it.
Culture differences exist widely. As a translator, he must learn different cultures, analyze the differences between countries. As to translation, people tend to think of Yan Fu who advocated for the first time the three words as translation criteria, namely, “faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance”. If people want to convey the most real content of a word, they must pay attention to meaning, pronunciation and image. Literality, free translation or transliterate can be used.
According to the ways of translation, long should be translated into Loong, not dragon. Because Chinese characters are ideograph and Loong just has the character of ideograph, too. Not only from pronunciation, it sounds like Chinese pronunciation of long, but also from its way to letter combination, it has the characteristics of ideograph. In Chinese names, people always say it Loong. In this translation Loong reaches the standard of faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance.
Nowadays, many scholars have realized this problem. They stand out to ask to change the wrong translation dragon into another. They have different suggestions about English translation of long，though some have problems. It has aroused many people’s attention. When turning on the computer, searching for long or dragon, many articles or essays about this problem can be found. They all analyze the cultural differences between long and dragon in details. According to these articles, a conclusion can be drawn that knowing more differences in different cultures is the most important thing in translation of culture-loaded words.
资料包括： 论文(20页5152字)
说明：
摘 要：从古至今，中国人都对汉字龙感到自豪，因为龙是吉祥和权威的象征。而在西方人的眼中，英语单词dragon意味着罪恶和怪物，是邪恶的象征。因此龙和dragon在很大的程度上是不同的。但是在英译汉或汉译英中，我们会经常把这两个词互译。这种翻译忽视了中西方文化的差异，从而造成了严重的文化误解。显而易见，这种翻译是有问题的。因此如何把汉字龙翻译成英语就成为一个很严肃的问题。从龙和dragon的差异、汉语和英语这两种语言特点的差异来确定龙的英译不失为一种好的方法.
关键词 ：文化差异；dragon; 龙；Loong；翻译
Abstract
Chinese people are proud of Chinese word long from ancient times till now, which is the symbol of auspiciousness and authority. But in Western people’s eyes, the English word dragon is the symbol of devil and bugbear. So long and dragon are quite different. But in English-Chinese or Chinese-English translations, the two words are often translated into each other. The translations ignore the differences between Chinese and Western culture, and cause cultural misunderstanding. So how to translate Chinese word long into English becomes a serious problem. It is a good way to translate them from the differences between long and dragon, from the relation between characteristics of Chinese language and English language.
Key Words
Cultural differences; dragon; long; Loong; translation
Introduction
It is well-known that there are many differences between Chinese and Western culture. Nowadays cultural communication between different countries is very frequent, so accurate translation becomes in great need as occasions require. But great differences exist in different languages. People in every nation always understand other nations’ culture with their own views without considering whether they are right or wrong in origin, as is a very common phenomenon. Hence the misunderstandings between different nations come into being. It is more and more important that cultural understanding serves as the communicational way between different nations. And people also have begun to notice the misunderstandings caused by translations. Especially culture-loaded words, which stand for every nation’s culture and spirit, are translated carelessly. Then misunderstandings spread and expand. Taking Chinese word long for example, long is a traditional culture-loaded word. Long is always translated into English word dragon in many translations. But the English word dragon is a kind of bugbear, which can breathe out fire according to western legend. Because of the translation from long to dragon, great misunderstanding exists between Chinese people’s and western people’s minds.
目录：
AbstractI
Key WordsI
摘 要II
关键词II
Introduction1
Ⅰ.The Differences between Chinese Word Long and English Word Dragon2
A.Long in China2
B. Dragon in Western Countries3
C. Comparison between Long and Dragon5
Ⅱ.Some Problems in Translation5
A. Illustration of the Wrong Translation of Long6
B．Misunderstandings Caused by the Wrong Translation7
Ⅲ.The Right Way of English Translation of Long9
A. Some Theories in Translation9
B. One Way of Translating into long9
C. Another Way of Translating into Loong10
Conclusion12
Acknowledgements14
Bibliography15
参考文献：
Barbara Walker. The Woman''s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects[S]. San
Francisco: Harper, 1988.
Feng Shimei. Chinese-Western Cultural Differences and Chinese-English Translation. Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2001.
Jack Tresidder. Symbols and Their Meanings. London: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Li Juan. The Cultural Difference in the Understanding and Translating of English and Chinese Word Zhao. Ji Yuan: Ji Yuan Vocational and Technical College, 1998.
Wang Jian. Cultural Differences between English Words and Chinese Words.
Journal of LAN Zhou Petrochemical College of Technology, 2006.
郭著章,李庆生.英汉互译实用教程[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社，2003 .
何善芬.英汉语言对比语言研究[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005.
李大琦.新英汉词典[S].北京：外文出版社，2002.
李金中,吴德宝.汉字实用知识[S].上海：文汇出版社，1995.
李佐文,郑朝红.语言与文化[M].石家庄：河北大学出版社，2005.
马克斯威尔.圣经故事[M].上海：上海译文出版社，2005.
许慎.说文解字[M]．北京：中华书局，1963.
杨自俭.英汉语比较与翻译（3）[M].上海：上海外语教学出版社,2006.
袁立.English说文解字[M].北京：中国世界语出版社，2000.
[15] 左猋风.论文化的可译性[D].上海：上海外语教学出版社，2006.
[16] 张向阳.最新实用英汉典故词典[S].武汉：湖北教育出版社，2001.
作者点评：
在中西方文化背景中对龙的不同阐释
Culture is a very critic element in international communication. The development of China benefits from it to let foreigners absorb Chinese culture better. But Chinese culture has its specialty. If Chinese people want to introduce it to other countries, and make foreigners understand or accept it correctly, the culture-loaded words must be translated properly. If not, misunderstandings will happen, and the functions of cultural communication will not exist.
In this article the writer takes long for example, introducing the problems in translations. Every Chinese person regards Loong as a kind of lucky animal. When talking about it, Chinese people will think of Loong Boat Festival, Chinese Kings, and legend and so on. But because of improper English translation dragon, many foreigners do not understand Chinese Loong culture. They think that Loong is bugbear, which is just like dragon in Western culture. They cannot understand why Chinese people regard Loong as Chinese symbol. The cost is very ponderous. Because of this misunderstanding, the Olympic Committee did not choose Loong as Olympic mascot. Because of the improper translation, westerners think Chinese people ugly, and think Chinese culture preposterous. This mistake has been in people’s minds for a long time. When looking up it in the dictionary, the wrong answers also can be seen. When Chinese people communicate with foreigners and introduce Chinese Loong culture to them, how do they think Chinese people? So Chinese people must correct this mistake by us, it is impossible for westerners to help Chinese people correct it.
Culture differences exist widely. As a translator, he must learn different cultures, analyze the differences between countries. As to translation, people tend to think of Yan Fu who advocated for the first time the three words as translation criteria, namely, “faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance”. If people want to convey the most real content of a word, they must pay attention to meaning, pronunciation and image. Literality, free translation or transliterate can be used.
According to the ways of translation, long should be translated into Loong, not dragon. Because Chinese characters are ideograph and Loong just has the character of ideograph, too. Not only from pronunciation, it sounds like Chinese pronunciation of long, but also from its way to letter combination, it has the characteristics of ideograph. In Chinese names, people always say it Loong. In this translation Loong reaches the standard of faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance.
Nowadays, many scholars have realized this problem. They stand out to ask to change the wrong translation dragon into another. They have different suggestions about English translation of long，though some have problems. It has aroused many people’s attention. When turning on the computer, searching for long or dragon, many articles or essays about this problem can be found. They all analyze the cultural differences between long and dragon in details. According to these articles, a conclusion can be drawn that knowing more differences in different cultures is the most important thing in translation of culture-loaded words.