从《宠儿》透视美国黑人女性的悲剧与成长
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资料包括： 论文(18页5747字)
说明：
摘 要：托尼•莫里森是美国唯一一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女性作家，其小说以鲜明的形象,丰富的感情和深刻的思想而著名, 她的作品总是代表着黑人女性并充满了悲剧色彩。在她的小说中始终可以感受到一个主题：“美国黑人命运的残酷，以及白人文化和黑人传统文化之间的冲突和对峙。”
在《宠儿》中， 莫瑞森就讲述了一个生活在悲剧中但却始终不放弃信念的黑人女奴的悲惨故事；通过三代人不同的成长经历展现了处于弱势地位的黑人妇女在种族主义和性别主义的双重压迫下艰难的心路历程。一方面，莫里森用她独特的视角讲述黑人妇女真实的处境，使人们可以强烈深刻地感受到黑人妇女的痛苦经历。另一方面，通过《宠儿》的悲剧故事，莫里森向人们展示了黑人妇女的力量与自我成长。尽管成长的过程充满荆棘，但通过一代又一代的努力，黑人女性最终成长起来，开始勇敢地面对现在和未来。
关键词 ：黑人妇女；歧视和压迫；悲剧；力量；成长
Abstract
Toni Morrison is the only Afro-American woman writer who wins the Nobel Prize for literature, and her works are well-known for vivid images, copious emotions and profound thoughts. Her works are always presented on behalf of the black women and full of tragedies. A general theme goes through all her fictions: the tragic life of the black people and the conflict between the white culture and the black culture.
In Beloved, Morrison tells people a story about a black slave woman who has a tragic life but never gives up her faith in self-growth. Through the different growing experiences of three generations, the fiction reveals the humble position of the black women and their difficult process of growth under the oppression of racism and sexism. On the one hand Morrison shows the real situation of the black women from a distinct point of view, and demonstrates their pains and sufferings. On the other hand, through the tragic story of Beloved, Morrison also shows people the great strength and self-growth of the black women. Although the growing process is full of difficulties, the black women, through the efforts of generations, finally build themselves up, and bravely face the present and the future.
Key Words
Black women; discrimination and oppression; tragedy; strength; growth
Introduction
Toni Morrison is the only Afro-American woman writer who wins the Nobel Prize for literature. It confirms her renown and makes her one of the most influential writers in America history. From The Bluest Eye to Love, each of her fictions has exerted vibrating influence upon the literary world. In the fictions of Toni Morrison, there is a distinct and eternal theme which can be felt and touched clearly: the tragic life of the black people and the conflict between the white culture and the black culture.
Beloved, a famous fiction by Toni Morrison in 1987 which wins the 1988 Pulitzer Prize, best exemplifies the theme and her thoughts about the blacks, especially the black women. The story of Beloved comes from a true event: In 1850, Margaret Garner, a Kentucky fugitive slave woman, would rather choose death for herself and her children than being returned to slavery. But she only killed one and the rest were recaptured and sold (Zhu 144). When Toni Morrison heard this story, she was deeply moved and decided to write down it. After 10 years of gestating and 3 years of writing, she finally finished this great work. Once it was published, it shook the whole American literary circle and cultural circle, and was considered a milestone in the history of Afro-Americans.
People always think that the black women are coquettish, crude, strong and humble, and they can bear more pressure than the white women. However, Morrison argues that they are wrong. Through her fictions Morrison reveals that the black women have the same emotion just as other people do. Morrison is always proud of her black status. In fact, the black women contribute a lot to America, and even to the whole world, but they still can’t be accepted by the society.
Actually, people know very little about the black women, and about the troubles they met and the respect they should get in their work, in their marriage, in their character as a mother, in their spiritual life and their belief. Morrison always tries to express to other people that though the black women have a tragic life they never give up their faith in self-growth, and though their growing process is full of difficulties, they finally build themselves up, and bravely face the present and the future. 目录：
AbstractI
Key WordsI
摘 要II
关键词II
Introduction1
I. The Tragedy and Growth of the Black Women2
A. The Tragedy of the Black Women2
B. The Growth of the Black Women5
II. Black Women Nowadays8
Conclusion10
Acknowledgements12
Bibliography13
参考文献：
Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Mask. New York: Grove Press, 1967.
Gates, Lous ; Henry, Jrand K. A. Appiah. eds. Toni Morrison: Critical Perspective Past and Present. New York: Amistad, 1993.
Morrison, Toni. Beloved. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.
Ravith, Diane, ed. The American Reader. National Culture Press, 2006.
Sharp, Saundra. Accidence of the Black Women. Beijing: East Press, 1998.
Zhu, Rongjie. Pain and Healing: A Study of Maternal Love in Toni Morrison’s Fiction from a Cultural Perspective. Henan: Henan University Press, 2004.
陈致远. 多元文化的现代美国 [M]. 四川： 四川人民出版社，2003.
程锡麟, 王晓路. 当代美国小说理论 [M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001.
韩昱馨.《宠儿》中塞丝重获自我的实现 [J]. 佳木斯大学社会科学学报，2006.
刘霞. 寻找自我的历程—论托尼•莫里森《宠儿》中人物的主体性 [J]. 涪陵师范学院学报，2004.
屈婉玲. 黑人女性的凝聚力 [J]. 四川外国语学院学报，2005.
王道水.漫漫解放之路—解读托尼•莫里森的《宠儿》[J]. 邵阳学院学报，2006.
王守仁，吴新云. 性别•种族•文化―托尼•莫里森与二十世纪美国黑人文学 [M]. 北京：北京大学出版社，1999.
王岳川. 后殖民主义与新历史主义文论 [M]. 济南：山东教育出版社，1999.
[15] 詹妮特•A•克莱妮编, 李燕译. 女权问题—问题，理论和应用 [M]. 北京：东方出版社，2006.
作者点评：
从《宠儿》透视美国黑人女性的悲剧与成长
Through Beloved, Toni Morrison shows the process of growth of three generations of the black women. The old generation realized their miseries, but they do not know how to change the situation, so they just accept them; the second generation is unwilling to be oppressed, so they try to find a way out. At the end of the fiction, the third generation finally finds their own identity, and then begins to build up a better future.
In American history, there are many women movements, and there are more and more people who come out to be against racial discrimination. The black women have been crying for equal treatment and they have done a lot for it. They account for 7 per cent of population of whole America, but they don’t have the real understanding and acceptance from other peoples, especially the Whites, and the society. Nowadays, there are still more than 60 per cent of the black women who are not satisfied with the situation of the blacks in the society. And nearly 50 per cent of the black women are not satisfied with their own situation in the society.
In fact, they are still influenced and controlled by the whites, but fortunately, the black women now have more and more chances to show their values and strength. They are not just tools to give birth to babies or just do the housework, or the farm work. They now have chances to stand on an upper stage to prove that they are as capable as others. The black women are more and more self-confident, and they began to believe in their own strength and beauty. Thus, people can always see beautiful black women walking on the T-stage or joining some competitions. They even join the political stage and do an excellent work.
However, they do not and will not stop their resistance if there is still unequal treatment or discrimination. It is safe to say that the revolution of the black women is like a “glass ceiling”. They can see their prospect clearly but they still have a long-time fight and need to make great efforts. Fortunately, they gradually grow up and build very strong strength to make themselves accepted by others. In fact, the black women have great strength and are full of hope, and they are following the way of Baby Suggs, Sethe, and Denver, and making their future more wonderful.
When Martin Luther King Jr. said that he had a dream that his children would not be judged by the color of their skin but the content of their character, it was understood that equal rights for African-Americans would be good for all Americans. Likewise, when the black women have equal rights with others and when laws support the practice of that equality, people will live in a better America, and also in a better world. That is, undoubtedly, the reason why Toni Morrison deliberately demonstrates the tragedy and growth of the black women through the story of Beloved.
资料包括： 论文(18页5747字)
说明：
摘 要：托尼•莫里森是美国唯一一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女性作家，其小说以鲜明的形象,丰富的感情和深刻的思想而著名, 她的作品总是代表着黑人女性并充满了悲剧色彩。在她的小说中始终可以感受到一个主题：“美国黑人命运的残酷，以及白人文化和黑人传统文化之间的冲突和对峙。”
在《宠儿》中， 莫瑞森就讲述了一个生活在悲剧中但却始终不放弃信念的黑人女奴的悲惨故事；通过三代人不同的成长经历展现了处于弱势地位的黑人妇女在种族主义和性别主义的双重压迫下艰难的心路历程。一方面，莫里森用她独特的视角讲述黑人妇女真实的处境，使人们可以强烈深刻地感受到黑人妇女的痛苦经历。另一方面，通过《宠儿》的悲剧故事，莫里森向人们展示了黑人妇女的力量与自我成长。尽管成长的过程充满荆棘，但通过一代又一代的努力，黑人女性最终成长起来，开始勇敢地面对现在和未来。
关键词 ：黑人妇女；歧视和压迫；悲剧；力量；成长
Abstract
Toni Morrison is the only Afro-American woman writer who wins the Nobel Prize for literature, and her works are well-known for vivid images, copious emotions and profound thoughts. Her works are always presented on behalf of the black women and full of tragedies. A general theme goes through all her fictions: the tragic life of the black people and the conflict between the white culture and the black culture.
In Beloved, Morrison tells people a story about a black slave woman who has a tragic life but never gives up her faith in self-growth. Through the different growing experiences of three generations, the fiction reveals the humble position of the black women and their difficult process of growth under the oppression of racism and sexism. On the one hand Morrison shows the real situation of the black women from a distinct point of view, and demonstrates their pains and sufferings. On the other hand, through the tragic story of Beloved, Morrison also shows people the great strength and self-growth of the black women. Although the growing process is full of difficulties, the black women, through the efforts of generations, finally build themselves up, and bravely face the present and the future.
Key Words
Black women; discrimination and oppression; tragedy; strength; growth
Introduction
Toni Morrison is the only Afro-American woman writer who wins the Nobel Prize for literature. It confirms her renown and makes her one of the most influential writers in America history. From The Bluest Eye to Love, each of her fictions has exerted vibrating influence upon the literary world. In the fictions of Toni Morrison, there is a distinct and eternal theme which can be felt and touched clearly: the tragic life of the black people and the conflict between the white culture and the black culture.
Beloved, a famous fiction by Toni Morrison in 1987 which wins the 1988 Pulitzer Prize, best exemplifies the theme and her thoughts about the blacks, especially the black women. The story of Beloved comes from a true event: In 1850, Margaret Garner, a Kentucky fugitive slave woman, would rather choose death for herself and her children than being returned to slavery. But she only killed one and the rest were recaptured and sold (Zhu 144). When Toni Morrison heard this story, she was deeply moved and decided to write down it. After 10 years of gestating and 3 years of writing, she finally finished this great work. Once it was published, it shook the whole American literary circle and cultural circle, and was considered a milestone in the history of Afro-Americans.
People always think that the black women are coquettish, crude, strong and humble, and they can bear more pressure than the white women. However, Morrison argues that they are wrong. Through her fictions Morrison reveals that the black women have the same emotion just as other people do. Morrison is always proud of her black status. In fact, the black women contribute a lot to America, and even to the whole world, but they still can’t be accepted by the society.
Actually, people know very little about the black women, and about the troubles they met and the respect they should get in their work, in their marriage, in their character as a mother, in their spiritual life and their belief. Morrison always tries to express to other people that though the black women have a tragic life they never give up their faith in self-growth, and though their growing process is full of difficulties, they finally build themselves up, and bravely face the present and the future. 目录：
AbstractI
Key WordsI
摘 要II
关键词II
Introduction1
I. The Tragedy and Growth of the Black Women2
A. The Tragedy of the Black Women2
B. The Growth of the Black Women5
II. Black Women Nowadays8
Conclusion10
Acknowledgements12
Bibliography13
参考文献：
Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Mask. New York: Grove Press, 1967.
Gates, Lous ; Henry, Jrand K. A. Appiah. eds. Toni Morrison: Critical Perspective Past and Present. New York: Amistad, 1993.
Morrison, Toni. Beloved. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.
Ravith, Diane, ed. The American Reader. National Culture Press, 2006.
Sharp, Saundra. Accidence of the Black Women. Beijing: East Press, 1998.
Zhu, Rongjie. Pain and Healing: A Study of Maternal Love in Toni Morrison’s Fiction from a Cultural Perspective. Henan: Henan University Press, 2004.
陈致远. 多元文化的现代美国 [M]. 四川： 四川人民出版社，2003.
程锡麟, 王晓路. 当代美国小说理论 [M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001.
韩昱馨.《宠儿》中塞丝重获自我的实现 [J]. 佳木斯大学社会科学学报，2006.
刘霞. 寻找自我的历程—论托尼•莫里森《宠儿》中人物的主体性 [J]. 涪陵师范学院学报，2004.
屈婉玲. 黑人女性的凝聚力 [J]. 四川外国语学院学报，2005.
王道水.漫漫解放之路—解读托尼•莫里森的《宠儿》[J]. 邵阳学院学报，2006.
王守仁，吴新云. 性别•种族•文化―托尼•莫里森与二十世纪美国黑人文学 [M]. 北京：北京大学出版社，1999.
王岳川. 后殖民主义与新历史主义文论 [M]. 济南：山东教育出版社，1999.
[15] 詹妮特•A•克莱妮编, 李燕译. 女权问题—问题，理论和应用 [M]. 北京：东方出版社，2006.
作者点评：
从《宠儿》透视美国黑人女性的悲剧与成长
Through Beloved, Toni Morrison shows the process of growth of three generations of the black women. The old generation realized their miseries, but they do not know how to change the situation, so they just accept them; the second generation is unwilling to be oppressed, so they try to find a way out. At the end of the fiction, the third generation finally finds their own identity, and then begins to build up a better future.
In American history, there are many women movements, and there are more and more people who come out to be against racial discrimination. The black women have been crying for equal treatment and they have done a lot for it. They account for 7 per cent of population of whole America, but they don’t have the real understanding and acceptance from other peoples, especially the Whites, and the society. Nowadays, there are still more than 60 per cent of the black women who are not satisfied with the situation of the blacks in the society. And nearly 50 per cent of the black women are not satisfied with their own situation in the society.
In fact, they are still influenced and controlled by the whites, but fortunately, the black women now have more and more chances to show their values and strength. They are not just tools to give birth to babies or just do the housework, or the farm work. They now have chances to stand on an upper stage to prove that they are as capable as others. The black women are more and more self-confident, and they began to believe in their own strength and beauty. Thus, people can always see beautiful black women walking on the T-stage or joining some competitions. They even join the political stage and do an excellent work.
However, they do not and will not stop their resistance if there is still unequal treatment or discrimination. It is safe to say that the revolution of the black women is like a “glass ceiling”. They can see their prospect clearly but they still have a long-time fight and need to make great efforts. Fortunately, they gradually grow up and build very strong strength to make themselves accepted by others. In fact, the black women have great strength and are full of hope, and they are following the way of Baby Suggs, Sethe, and Denver, and making their future more wonderful.
When Martin Luther King Jr. said that he had a dream that his children would not be judged by the color of their skin but the content of their character, it was understood that equal rights for African-Americans would be good for all Americans. Likewise, when the black women have equal rights with others and when laws support the practice of that equality, people will live in a better America, and also in a better world. That is, undoubtedly, the reason why Toni Morrison deliberately demonstrates the tragedy and growth of the black women through the story of Beloved.