论中西方文学作品对正面人物的刻画
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资料包括： 论文(21页5459字)
说明：
摘 要：诸葛亮和考利昂是中外文学作品中家喻户晓的人物。从中国传统的思想道德观念来看，他们如此不同：一个是忠心耿耿的朝中宰相，一个是令人胆颤的黑帮头目。然而，他们却同样地受到各自作者的极力推崇, 是作者眼中当之无愧的正面人物。论文通过了解二者的特点和事迹, 对二者进行比较分析，得出二者的相同和不同之处，以此进一步了解中西方文学作品人物创作及其来源文化的相似和差异。
关键词：刻画，相同，区别
Abstract
Zhuge Liang and Corleone are both famous figures in the literary works. Although they are very different in that one is a loyal Prime Minister and the other is the leader of the underworld, but the two authors of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Godfather have a profound respect for them. Through the comparison of depiction of the two figures by learning about their deeds and features, the writer tries to find out the differences and similarities of western and Chinese literary creation of the two figures and their original cultures.
Key Words
Depiction; similarity; difference
Introduction
As is well known to us, both The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Godfather are the perfect and outstanding works in the literary history, both in their own histories and the whole river of human history.
When Friedrich Engels referred to The Human Comedy which is the great works of Honore de Balzac, he said that what he had learned from it was much more than all that from any professional historians, economists and statisticians.
From this comment, we can say a real great works is not only a book for people’s entertainment, but also a guide to people’s life. The book will express all kinds of aspects of human society and spirits, give people the strongest influence and right guidance. The romances of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Godfather are the books like that.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms uses the letters to describe a long history of the three kingdoms period. It introduces not only the historic matters simply, but also uses all kinds of means such as quoting poets to add others’ comments on these matters and characters in that history. The brilliant tactics and magnificent phenomena of wars lead us into a series of military banquets that give us much edification in dealing with matters in our daily life. If Sunzi’s Military Strategies is the greatest works of military affairs, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the completely and excitingly practical works of these military stratagems. Until today, these tactics that have been referred to are being used and going to be used in modern life, work, economic and military competition.
The Godfather is the typical works of America in the end of 1960s. At that time, America was trapped in chaos. In 1969, America launched an unprecedented bombard to Vietnam, but it seemed that America didn’t get any obvious advantages more than Vietnam. In the same year, some reports disclosed the fact that an American infantry slaughtered more than 450 Vietnamese villagers, which caused people to doubt the rationality of the war. The manhunt in a bar by police in New York resulted in the new century of striving for the homosexual rights. A senator escaped from traffic accident after causing troubles and made others die. A series of matters happened. The Godfather just stepped into the bookshop at that time, as an advanced flag leading a stirring literary resolution which called for rebuilding a new social and law system. The Godfathers used their own ways and wisdoms to build a new set of laws for survival, which overthrew the old and so-called democratic society. In and out the line of words there shines the flame of wisdom.
Referring to the two outstanding works, we can’t help introducing the two positive figures of them¬--Zhuge Liang and Corleone. In fact, the two characters are very different. One is the loyally military counselor; the other is the king of the underworld. One may feel very strange to connect them together as the obverse figures.
So what is the definition of the positive figure? According to most people’s view, it is these characters that represent the righteous part, are supported by authors, and stand for the values of most people. Zhuge Liang and Corleone just belong to this kind of characters. Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei who represented the lineal Han Dynasty loyally. What Corleone protected was the poor people abandoned and threatened by the so-called democratic society. Both of them used their wisdom to build their own kingdoms. As the positive figures, they have many similarities. Originating from two different works which were written in different periods and backgrounds, the two figures are depicted in different ways.
目录：
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Key Words …………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
摘要…………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
关键词…………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… 1
I. The Portrait of Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms …………3
A. The Image of Zhuge Liang………………………………………………3
B. Zhuge Liang’s Deeds………………………………………………………… 3
II. The Portrait of Corleone in The Godfather ………………………………………6
A.Corleone’s Image ………………………………………………………6
B.Corleone’s Stories ……………………………………………………………6
Ⅲ. The Comparison of Depiction of the Two Figures …………………………… 9
A. Similarities …………………………………………………………………9
B. Differences …………………………………………………………………11
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………13
Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………15
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………16
参考文献：
Chirs Tingom. The Godfather, a Review[J].Jan. 20, 2007. http: //www.brainfuel.tv/ the-godfather-a-review.
Mario Puzo.The Godfather [M]. G. P. Putnam''s Sons, 1969.
Scarnati J.T. The Godfather theory of management: an exercise in power and control [J]. Management Decision, 2002, (40).
Susan Goodwin. AMERICAN CULTURAL HISTORY (1960 – 1969) [J]. Dec. 2006. http://kclibrary.nhmccd.edu/decade60.html.
曹海东.诸葛亮:智圣人生[M].长江文艺出版社，2000.
东方闻睿.诸葛亮遗书:世界上最智慧的个人管理学[M].中国电影出版社,2004.
胡春晖.管窥三国演义和三国志中魏蜀吴创业时期的战略观[J].武警工程学院学报,2007,(23).
贾春环.西方通俗小说的典范—教父解读[J].戏剧丛刊,2005,(3).
剑歌.诸葛亮必败¬—中国伪智慧的宿命[M].中国经济出版社,2006.
李晓东.诸葛亮文学形象对后世小说的影响[J].文史杂志,2007,(2).
罗贯中.三国演义[M].北京:同心出版社,1995.
马里奥.普佐.教父[M].内蒙古少年儿童出版社.2001.
彭大庆.论三国演义中士人的人生价值取向[J].怀化学院学报,2007,(26).
冉云飞.诸葛亮[M].巴蜀书社,2004.
[15]天将晓.让诸葛亮大师张开嘴[M].北京:华侨出版社,2003.
[16]叶湘瀚.古典小说人物形象鉴赏六法[J].语文教学通讯,2007,(3).
[17]张晓莉.从现代商战透析诸葛亮智慧[M].沈阳出版社,2004.
[18]张莹波.教父艺术风格论[J].常州教育学院学报,1999,(17).
[19]赵珂.戏说黑帮[J].新闻周刊,2004,(1).
[20]周汉林.教父[M].南京:译林出版社,2007.
[21]任昭坤.关于三国历史分期的思考[J].社会科学研究,2001,(6).
作者点评：
论中西方文学作品对正面人物的刻画
It is very surprised that although a number of historians and literati argue that western and Chinese literary works are far different, so far as the positive figures are concerned, there are many common characteristics.
For example, Zhuge Liang and Corleone are both the talented persons with calm thoughts and cautious actions. Every problem may be solved when they control them in the hand. A small tactic in their mind can defend thousands of soldiers and horses.
That accords with people’s worship of the heroes. With characteristics of wit and calmness, only their several words may decide thousand people’s lives and the following historical process. Compared to religious figures, they are the real omnipotent God in daily life.
Of course, originating from different cultural backgrounds, they are necessary depicted as different figures.
As a character in ancient Chinese literary works, Zhuge Liang needs to be up to meet Chinese traditional loyal morality and the criteria of beauty. He has to live and die all for his country and people, because only this can be regarded as the highest spiritual state.
While Corleone appeared in the 1960s in America, the society asked him to be a leader who calls for people to overthrowing the so-called democratically social system in order to rebuild a new real democratic social system. What he needed to do is live for himself and live for his own benefits. That is in line with the temporary situations in America in that period and the American spirits of democracy, liberty and equality.
Western and Chinese literary works express the universalities and distinctions, which reflects to the idea that the whole human culture originated from the same ancestors and developed into different orientations in different social and historic situations.
In order to carry forward Chinese culture, the young generation should learn from and communicate with other cultures, keeping the similarities, getting rid of their weaknesses and following their strong points.
资料包括： 论文(21页5459字)
说明：
摘 要：诸葛亮和考利昂是中外文学作品中家喻户晓的人物。从中国传统的思想道德观念来看，他们如此不同：一个是忠心耿耿的朝中宰相，一个是令人胆颤的黑帮头目。然而，他们却同样地受到各自作者的极力推崇, 是作者眼中当之无愧的正面人物。论文通过了解二者的特点和事迹, 对二者进行比较分析，得出二者的相同和不同之处，以此进一步了解中西方文学作品人物创作及其来源文化的相似和差异。
关键词：刻画，相同，区别
Abstract
Zhuge Liang and Corleone are both famous figures in the literary works. Although they are very different in that one is a loyal Prime Minister and the other is the leader of the underworld, but the two authors of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Godfather have a profound respect for them. Through the comparison of depiction of the two figures by learning about their deeds and features, the writer tries to find out the differences and similarities of western and Chinese literary creation of the two figures and their original cultures.
Key Words
Depiction; similarity; difference
Introduction
As is well known to us, both The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Godfather are the perfect and outstanding works in the literary history, both in their own histories and the whole river of human history.
When Friedrich Engels referred to The Human Comedy which is the great works of Honore de Balzac, he said that what he had learned from it was much more than all that from any professional historians, economists and statisticians.
From this comment, we can say a real great works is not only a book for people’s entertainment, but also a guide to people’s life. The book will express all kinds of aspects of human society and spirits, give people the strongest influence and right guidance. The romances of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Godfather are the books like that.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms uses the letters to describe a long history of the three kingdoms period. It introduces not only the historic matters simply, but also uses all kinds of means such as quoting poets to add others’ comments on these matters and characters in that history. The brilliant tactics and magnificent phenomena of wars lead us into a series of military banquets that give us much edification in dealing with matters in our daily life. If Sunzi’s Military Strategies is the greatest works of military affairs, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the completely and excitingly practical works of these military stratagems. Until today, these tactics that have been referred to are being used and going to be used in modern life, work, economic and military competition.
The Godfather is the typical works of America in the end of 1960s. At that time, America was trapped in chaos. In 1969, America launched an unprecedented bombard to Vietnam, but it seemed that America didn’t get any obvious advantages more than Vietnam. In the same year, some reports disclosed the fact that an American infantry slaughtered more than 450 Vietnamese villagers, which caused people to doubt the rationality of the war. The manhunt in a bar by police in New York resulted in the new century of striving for the homosexual rights. A senator escaped from traffic accident after causing troubles and made others die. A series of matters happened. The Godfather just stepped into the bookshop at that time, as an advanced flag leading a stirring literary resolution which called for rebuilding a new social and law system. The Godfathers used their own ways and wisdoms to build a new set of laws for survival, which overthrew the old and so-called democratic society. In and out the line of words there shines the flame of wisdom.
Referring to the two outstanding works, we can’t help introducing the two positive figures of them¬--Zhuge Liang and Corleone. In fact, the two characters are very different. One is the loyally military counselor; the other is the king of the underworld. One may feel very strange to connect them together as the obverse figures.
So what is the definition of the positive figure? According to most people’s view, it is these characters that represent the righteous part, are supported by authors, and stand for the values of most people. Zhuge Liang and Corleone just belong to this kind of characters. Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei who represented the lineal Han Dynasty loyally. What Corleone protected was the poor people abandoned and threatened by the so-called democratic society. Both of them used their wisdom to build their own kingdoms. As the positive figures, they have many similarities. Originating from two different works which were written in different periods and backgrounds, the two figures are depicted in different ways.
目录：
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Key Words …………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
摘要…………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
关键词…………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… 1
I. The Portrait of Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms …………3
A. The Image of Zhuge Liang………………………………………………3
B. Zhuge Liang’s Deeds………………………………………………………… 3
II. The Portrait of Corleone in The Godfather ………………………………………6
A.Corleone’s Image ………………………………………………………6
B.Corleone’s Stories ……………………………………………………………6
Ⅲ. The Comparison of Depiction of the Two Figures …………………………… 9
A. Similarities …………………………………………………………………9
B. Differences …………………………………………………………………11
Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………13
Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………………15
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………16
参考文献：
Chirs Tingom. The Godfather, a Review[J].Jan. 20, 2007. http: //www.brainfuel.tv/ the-godfather-a-review.
Mario Puzo.The Godfather [M]. G. P. Putnam''s Sons, 1969.
Scarnati J.T. The Godfather theory of management: an exercise in power and control [J]. Management Decision, 2002, (40).
Susan Goodwin. AMERICAN CULTURAL HISTORY (1960 – 1969) [J]. Dec. 2006. http://kclibrary.nhmccd.edu/decade60.html.
曹海东.诸葛亮:智圣人生[M].长江文艺出版社，2000.
东方闻睿.诸葛亮遗书:世界上最智慧的个人管理学[M].中国电影出版社,2004.
胡春晖.管窥三国演义和三国志中魏蜀吴创业时期的战略观[J].武警工程学院学报,2007,(23).
贾春环.西方通俗小说的典范—教父解读[J].戏剧丛刊,2005,(3).
剑歌.诸葛亮必败¬—中国伪智慧的宿命[M].中国经济出版社,2006.
李晓东.诸葛亮文学形象对后世小说的影响[J].文史杂志,2007,(2).
罗贯中.三国演义[M].北京:同心出版社,1995.
马里奥.普佐.教父[M].内蒙古少年儿童出版社.2001.
彭大庆.论三国演义中士人的人生价值取向[J].怀化学院学报,2007,(26).
冉云飞.诸葛亮[M].巴蜀书社,2004.
[15]天将晓.让诸葛亮大师张开嘴[M].北京:华侨出版社,2003.
[16]叶湘瀚.古典小说人物形象鉴赏六法[J].语文教学通讯,2007,(3).
[17]张晓莉.从现代商战透析诸葛亮智慧[M].沈阳出版社,2004.
[18]张莹波.教父艺术风格论[J].常州教育学院学报,1999,(17).
[19]赵珂.戏说黑帮[J].新闻周刊,2004,(1).
[20]周汉林.教父[M].南京:译林出版社,2007.
[21]任昭坤.关于三国历史分期的思考[J].社会科学研究,2001,(6).
作者点评：
论中西方文学作品对正面人物的刻画
It is very surprised that although a number of historians and literati argue that western and Chinese literary works are far different, so far as the positive figures are concerned, there are many common characteristics.
For example, Zhuge Liang and Corleone are both the talented persons with calm thoughts and cautious actions. Every problem may be solved when they control them in the hand. A small tactic in their mind can defend thousands of soldiers and horses.
That accords with people’s worship of the heroes. With characteristics of wit and calmness, only their several words may decide thousand people’s lives and the following historical process. Compared to religious figures, they are the real omnipotent God in daily life.
Of course, originating from different cultural backgrounds, they are necessary depicted as different figures.
As a character in ancient Chinese literary works, Zhuge Liang needs to be up to meet Chinese traditional loyal morality and the criteria of beauty. He has to live and die all for his country and people, because only this can be regarded as the highest spiritual state.
While Corleone appeared in the 1960s in America, the society asked him to be a leader who calls for people to overthrowing the so-called democratically social system in order to rebuild a new real democratic social system. What he needed to do is live for himself and live for his own benefits. That is in line with the temporary situations in America in that period and the American spirits of democracy, liberty and equality.
Western and Chinese literary works express the universalities and distinctions, which reflects to the idea that the whole human culture originated from the same ancestors and developed into different orientations in different social and historic situations.
In order to carry forward Chinese culture, the young generation should learn from and communicate with other cultures, keeping the similarities, getting rid of their weaknesses and following their strong points.