妇女——当代美国社会不可小觑的力量
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资料包括： 论文(21页6057字)
说明：
摘 要：美国妇女自从1848年起就为争取妇女的权利进行不懈的斗争。经过了近一个半世纪的艰苦的斗争，美国妇女取得长足的进步。她们的社会地位有了很大提高。在女权主义运动的影响下，美国妇女取得了多方面的重要权利，例如，政治选举权，财产和工资的支配权以及节育权等等。由于社会的发展和妇女自身知识的增长和能力的的提高，越来越多妇女从繁重琐细的家务劳动中解放出来，走向社会参加社会大生产。在政治经济方面，也有越来越多的美国妇女大权在握。她们有的跻身美国的政权中心，对美国乃至世界政治起着举足轻重的作用；有的则投身商界，在美国企业界呼风唤雨；她们是消费主力，社会潮流的主导者；在文学文化领域，她们同样占据半壁江山。由此可见女性群体已经成为当代美国社会不可小觑的力量
关键词 ：美国妇女，女权运动，支配，权利
Abstract
The American women began to continuously strive for women’s rights since 1848. After one and half a century’s difficult struggling, American women have made steady progress. Their social status has been improved greatly. They have obtained many important rights such as the right to vote, the right to arrange wealth by them and the right to control birth, etc. More and more women have been released from the heavy trivial housework. Thus, they are able to turn to the society to take part in mass social work because of the rapid development of the society and great improvement of women’s knowledge and ability. More and more women have real power in hands both in the field of politics and economy. They show their outstanding capability in the center of American politics and play utmost important part in the world politics; Some of them are engaged in industry and commerce and have magic power in the industrial field of America; They are the main consumption force; According to culture and literature, women also play an very important role. American women are the powerful group that can not be underestimated in modern society.
Key Words
American women; feminism movement; dominate; power
Introduction
Most lives in the world adopt the way of sexual procreation that is good for gene inheritance and mutation for better evolution. So, biologically speaking, the sexes are equal when they are born. However, the difference of X&Y chromosome has evolved into different physiological feature during the evolution and the different hormone in return affects biological growth. Human society has undergone the matrilineal society and the patriarchal society and men’s social advantage emerged from the age of hunting, which continued to 19th century. Nowadays, the timeworn thought that men are superior to women still exists in many regions. In order to pursue the equal right and status with men, women and feminists all over the world have carried out the feminism movement for hundreds of years. As the feudalism culture loosened the restraint to human beings’ mentality, the feminism movement in Europe has come to being. The contemporary feminism movement was triggered by the French writer Simone de Beauvoir’s Le deuxieme sexe, which declared the statement of women being oppressed in different fields, and raised new requirement in the perspective of human right .The original intention of the feminists was that no matter women or men, human beings should be equally treated by the nature, the law and the God, and women have the same right in terms of live, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
In 1963, the American female writer Betty Friedan published her article The Feminine Mystique to condemn the harm to women resulting from the status of housewife and to awaken the female Americans. The book has raised the curtain on the new feminism movement. The feminism movement in America has developed rapidly in 20th century, especially at the beginning of the century. America women’s status and rights have made great progress. In different social fields of politics, economy and literature in America, women have handheld strong power, and women have been powerful group of America that can’t be underestimated.
目录：
Abstract……..………………………………………………..………I
Key Words……………………………………………………………………I
摘 要…………………………….…………………………………II
关键词.…………………………………………II
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….……..1
I. The Struggle and Achievement in Politics…………..………2
A. The Importance of Political Rights……….…………..……….…………2
B. The Difficult Course of the Struggle………………………………………..…3
C. Powerful Women on American Political Stage…………….…………………4
II. American Women’s Contribution to Economy………………………………..……7
A.Women’s Employment in America…………………………………….…7
B. American Female Entrepreneurs with Magic Power…………………………….8
C. Women’s Rights to Arrange Property and Consumption………….…………..9
III. Women’s Strong Influence on Literature and Other Social Life …….………11
A. The Decision-Makers on the Issues about Family……………………………11
B. Outstanding Performance in Literature………………………………………12
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….……….…..14
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………15
Bibliography……………………………………………………………….……….16
参考文献：
Barbara Welter. The Women Questions in American History . New York, 1973.
Cynthia. Costello and Shari. Miles. The American Women 1999-2000. New York and London, 1998.
Jone Seager. The State of Women in the World Atlas. NewYork: Penguin Reference, 1997.
Robyn L. Rosen. Women’s Studies in the Academy: Origins and Impact.北京：北京大学出版社，2004.
艾琳. 西方最具影响力的22位魅力女性[M]. 北京: 中国商业出版社, 2005.
胡传莱. 经济发展与妇女地位的变迁: 经济发展程度不同的国家之间的比较研究[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2003.
（美）加登斯沃兹，罗. 阶梯 = What it takes : 100位美国顶尖女性的成功典范[M]. 珠海：珠海出版社，2001.
李剑鸣. 大转折的年代: 美国进步主义运动研究[M]. 天津: 天津教育出版社, 1992.
刘霓.西方女性学[M]. 北京：社会科学文献出版社, 2001.
（德）沙克. 赖斯: 世界上最有权力的女人[M]. 北京: 世界知识出版社, 2005.
(美)玛丽琳.J.波克塞. 当妇女提问时：美国妇女学的创建之路[M]. 天津：天津人民出版社, 2006.
王恩铭.20世纪美国妇女研究[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2002.
王政. 女性的崛起：当代美国的女权运动[M]. 北京: 当代中国出版社, 1995.
余拧平, 杜芳琴主编. 不守规矩的知识-妇女学的全球与区域视界[M]. 天津： 天津人民出版社，2000.
[15] 魏国英主编. 女性学概论[M]. 北京：北京大学出版社, 2000.
[16] 俞彥娟. 从妇女史和性别史的争议谈美国妇女史研究之发展[J]. 近代中国妇女史研究. 2001,(8
作者点评：
妇女——当代美国社会不可小觑的力量
The political, economic, social life and literature factors are interactive. In politics, women have played more and more important role in state and government management since the 19th Amendment that endowed 25 million American women with the right to vote was passed in 1920. As for economy, American women also have great power in hands. There are a group of women flourishing in commercial field. They are the decision-makers of American big corporations, controlling these corporations’ future. Moreover, women’s consumption has stimulated American domestic demand and promoted American depressive economy. In literature, American women are unwilling to go behind men. They always have very important status in American literature. Furthermore, at any time, family is the essential unit of American society. Thus, women have more crucial power on family issues. Women’s attitude towards marriage, family pattern and birth has profound influence on American society. Gradually being free from men’s control, women have risen from a group of subordinate group to an active independent and strong group. In short, in modern America society, women are the power that can’t be underestimated.
资料包括： 论文(21页6057字)
说明：
摘 要：美国妇女自从1848年起就为争取妇女的权利进行不懈的斗争。经过了近一个半世纪的艰苦的斗争，美国妇女取得长足的进步。她们的社会地位有了很大提高。在女权主义运动的影响下，美国妇女取得了多方面的重要权利，例如，政治选举权，财产和工资的支配权以及节育权等等。由于社会的发展和妇女自身知识的增长和能力的的提高，越来越多妇女从繁重琐细的家务劳动中解放出来，走向社会参加社会大生产。在政治经济方面，也有越来越多的美国妇女大权在握。她们有的跻身美国的政权中心，对美国乃至世界政治起着举足轻重的作用；有的则投身商界，在美国企业界呼风唤雨；她们是消费主力，社会潮流的主导者；在文学文化领域，她们同样占据半壁江山。由此可见女性群体已经成为当代美国社会不可小觑的力量
关键词 ：美国妇女，女权运动，支配，权利
Abstract
The American women began to continuously strive for women’s rights since 1848. After one and half a century’s difficult struggling, American women have made steady progress. Their social status has been improved greatly. They have obtained many important rights such as the right to vote, the right to arrange wealth by them and the right to control birth, etc. More and more women have been released from the heavy trivial housework. Thus, they are able to turn to the society to take part in mass social work because of the rapid development of the society and great improvement of women’s knowledge and ability. More and more women have real power in hands both in the field of politics and economy. They show their outstanding capability in the center of American politics and play utmost important part in the world politics; Some of them are engaged in industry and commerce and have magic power in the industrial field of America; They are the main consumption force; According to culture and literature, women also play an very important role. American women are the powerful group that can not be underestimated in modern society.
Key Words
American women; feminism movement; dominate; power
Introduction
Most lives in the world adopt the way of sexual procreation that is good for gene inheritance and mutation for better evolution. So, biologically speaking, the sexes are equal when they are born. However, the difference of X&Y chromosome has evolved into different physiological feature during the evolution and the different hormone in return affects biological growth. Human society has undergone the matrilineal society and the patriarchal society and men’s social advantage emerged from the age of hunting, which continued to 19th century. Nowadays, the timeworn thought that men are superior to women still exists in many regions. In order to pursue the equal right and status with men, women and feminists all over the world have carried out the feminism movement for hundreds of years. As the feudalism culture loosened the restraint to human beings’ mentality, the feminism movement in Europe has come to being. The contemporary feminism movement was triggered by the French writer Simone de Beauvoir’s Le deuxieme sexe, which declared the statement of women being oppressed in different fields, and raised new requirement in the perspective of human right .The original intention of the feminists was that no matter women or men, human beings should be equally treated by the nature, the law and the God, and women have the same right in terms of live, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.
In 1963, the American female writer Betty Friedan published her article The Feminine Mystique to condemn the harm to women resulting from the status of housewife and to awaken the female Americans. The book has raised the curtain on the new feminism movement. The feminism movement in America has developed rapidly in 20th century, especially at the beginning of the century. America women’s status and rights have made great progress. In different social fields of politics, economy and literature in America, women have handheld strong power, and women have been powerful group of America that can’t be underestimated.
目录：
Abstract……..………………………………………………..………I
Key Words……………………………………………………………………I
摘 要…………………………….…………………………………II
关键词.…………………………………………II
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….……..1
I. The Struggle and Achievement in Politics…………..………2
A. The Importance of Political Rights……….…………..……….…………2
B. The Difficult Course of the Struggle………………………………………..…3
C. Powerful Women on American Political Stage…………….…………………4
II. American Women’s Contribution to Economy………………………………..……7
A.Women’s Employment in America…………………………………….…7
B. American Female Entrepreneurs with Magic Power…………………………….8
C. Women’s Rights to Arrange Property and Consumption………….…………..9
III. Women’s Strong Influence on Literature and Other Social Life …….………11
A. The Decision-Makers on the Issues about Family……………………………11
B. Outstanding Performance in Literature………………………………………12
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….……….…..14
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………15
Bibliography……………………………………………………………….……….16
参考文献：
Barbara Welter. The Women Questions in American History . New York, 1973.
Cynthia. Costello and Shari. Miles. The American Women 1999-2000. New York and London, 1998.
Jone Seager. The State of Women in the World Atlas. NewYork: Penguin Reference, 1997.
Robyn L. Rosen. Women’s Studies in the Academy: Origins and Impact.北京：北京大学出版社，2004.
艾琳. 西方最具影响力的22位魅力女性[M]. 北京: 中国商业出版社, 2005.
胡传莱. 经济发展与妇女地位的变迁: 经济发展程度不同的国家之间的比较研究[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2003.
（美）加登斯沃兹，罗. 阶梯 = What it takes : 100位美国顶尖女性的成功典范[M]. 珠海：珠海出版社，2001.
李剑鸣. 大转折的年代: 美国进步主义运动研究[M]. 天津: 天津教育出版社, 1992.
刘霓.西方女性学[M]. 北京：社会科学文献出版社, 2001.
（德）沙克. 赖斯: 世界上最有权力的女人[M]. 北京: 世界知识出版社, 2005.
(美)玛丽琳.J.波克塞. 当妇女提问时：美国妇女学的创建之路[M]. 天津：天津人民出版社, 2006.
王恩铭.20世纪美国妇女研究[M]. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 2002.
王政. 女性的崛起：当代美国的女权运动[M]. 北京: 当代中国出版社, 1995.
余拧平, 杜芳琴主编. 不守规矩的知识-妇女学的全球与区域视界[M]. 天津： 天津人民出版社，2000.
[15] 魏国英主编. 女性学概论[M]. 北京：北京大学出版社, 2000.
[16] 俞彥娟. 从妇女史和性别史的争议谈美国妇女史研究之发展[J]. 近代中国妇女史研究. 2001,(8
作者点评：
妇女——当代美国社会不可小觑的力量
The political, economic, social life and literature factors are interactive. In politics, women have played more and more important role in state and government management since the 19th Amendment that endowed 25 million American women with the right to vote was passed in 1920. As for economy, American women also have great power in hands. There are a group of women flourishing in commercial field. They are the decision-makers of American big corporations, controlling these corporations’ future. Moreover, women’s consumption has stimulated American domestic demand and promoted American depressive economy. In literature, American women are unwilling to go behind men. They always have very important status in American literature. Furthermore, at any time, family is the essential unit of American society. Thus, women have more crucial power on family issues. Women’s attitude towards marriage, family pattern and birth has profound influence on American society. Gradually being free from men’s control, women have risen from a group of subordinate group to an active independent and strong group. In short, in modern America society, women are the power that can’t be underestimated.