Intercourse Strategy—The Essential Step to Improve the Intercourse Ability
资料包括： 论文(20页4810字)
说明：
摘要：交际策略是说话者表达意义时因语言知识不足遇到某种困难时所采用的一系列弥补性措施和技巧。
本论文以“交际策略——提高交际能力不容忽视的一个环节”为题目，首先了解了交际策略的定义，交际策略这一概念由塞林克1972年首次提出，之后科德（1977）、法尔奇和卡斯帕（1983）、爱丽丝（1986）以及布朗（1987）又从四个角度对其下了定义。随后我们对交际策略进行仔细分类，分为泰伦的行为交际策略理论以及法尔奇和卡斯帕的心理交际策略理论两大类。这两种策略让我们清晰地认识到交际过程，只有这两种策略共存才能使语言交际更为有力。通过了解中国师生交际策略的应用我发现中国学生普遍存在缺乏应对策略、表达方式单一、缺乏课堂交流三大问题，而中国的老师也常常为了语言的准确性而不合时宜的打断学生使得学生缺乏表达流利性。经过仔细的分析我得出了语言程度、学习者个性差异、学习环境和课堂教学地位是导致这些问题的主要原因。随后围绕这些原因展开多角度分析，最终制定出培养学生交际策略的方法，（1）将交际策略的内容贯穿于平实的课堂教学中，（2）不同的学生给予不同方式的教学，（3）营造良好的学习环境。
在交际过程中，只有正确地认识了交际策略，加强了外语交际能力的培训，才能实现语言教学的终极目标，即用所学的语言进行有效的交际。
关键词：交际策略，交际能力，言语性交际策略，非言语性交际策略，
缩减策略，课堂环境
Abstract：Intercourse strategy is a series of measures and skills used by the speakers when they have problem in expressing the meaning because of the lack of language knowledge.
This thesis’ title is Intercourse Strategy—The Essential Step to improve the Intercourse Ability. First, the thesis presents the definition of intercourse strategy. Then, intercourse strategies are classified into two theoretical approaches: the interaction approach and the psycholinguistic approach in order to let the readers understand the process of intercourse. Only the coexistence of the these two can facilitate a smooth communication. Therefore, the problems in the application of intercourse strategies in China are revealed immediately in order to conclude that Chinese students have three kinds of weakness: the lack of spontaneous for response, the lack of variety in expressions, and the lack of class communication. Meanwhile, Chinese teachers also have some problems in the application of intercourse strategies. Their regular interruption of students for language accuracy causes students’ incompetence to speak fluently. Just in the analysis of these problems from various angles, the roots of the relevant problems are detected: the learners’ language achievement levels, the individual characters, the learning environment, and the status of both teachers and students. At last, some steps to foster students’ intercourse strategy are formulated: penetrate the intercourse strategies into the class teaching, apply different strategies to the different students, and have a good study environment.
In the intercourse process, only on a correct understanding of intercourse strategy and an enhanced training foreign language intercourse ability, can we achieve the goal of language learning, which means that we are able to apply the language we have learnt to process an effective communication.
Key words: intercourse strategy, intercourse ability, speech acts intercourse strategy, nonspeech acts intercourse strategy, reduction tactic, class environment
1．Introduction
In international communication, an effective exchange of ideas with foreigners in English becomes more and more important. In the past, under the influence of the traditional pedagogy, most of the schools in China put reading in the most important position. Especially common in the class is the phenomenon of “the teacher alone has the say”. As a result, though the students have learned English for more than ten years, they only can read and write. When they need to communicate in English, they will feel that the ability falls short of their wishes. This “dumb English” is worthy of the attention. As to the root of this phenomenon, most of the schools focus on fostering the students’ ability to acquire the language knowledge rather than training the students’ intercourse ability. Therefore, the intercourse ability emphasizes not only language skills but also the language ability to fulfill some specific communicative goals. In this sense, intercourse strategy is a series of prosthetic measures that are adopted when the language knowledge cannot achieve the specific intercourse target. Anyway, the ultimate goal for learners to master a language is to communicate with others, and thus intercourse strategy is a key link that helps us to fulfill the target. So it is very essential to teach some intercourse strategies in class.
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………Ⅰ
Abstract………………………………………………………………………….Ⅱ
摘要……………………………………………………………………………..Ⅳ
Contents……………………………………………………………………….Ⅴ
1. Introduction …………………………………………………….1
2. The definition and classification of intercourse strategy……..2
2.1 The various definitions of intercourse strategy………………………..2
2.2 The classification of intercourse strategy……………………………2
3. The problems in the application of intercourse strategy in China………………………………………………………….
7
3.1 The problems among Chinese students………………………………..7
3.2 The problems among Chinese teachers………………………………..8
4. The roots of the problems in the application of intercourse strategy………………………………………………………..
9
5. Steps in fostering the Chinese students’ intercourse strategy………………………………………………………..
11
6. Conclusion……………………………………………………….13
References…………………………………………………………14
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作者点评：
Fostering foreign language intercourse ability is a long-tern and hard process. The more chance students have to talk, the more possibilities they are offered to improve the intercourse ability. Intercourse strategy, as an indispensable part of intercourse ability, is the essential step to help Chinese students to communicate with others in English effectively. Mastering and using intercourse strategy practically, we will never be frightened to communicate with foreigners and say good bye to “dumb English”.