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中文字数:5425,中文页数:5 英文字数: 3041页数:7
中文译文
液压支架自动化成功的途径
1. 摘要
第一架液压顶板支护在20世纪50年代内安装在了地下，并且自那以后随着机械工程的发展已经从许多方面完善了支架。然而，顶板支护机械设计、水力工程学和电子学这三个主要领域的进步最终在支架运用35年后实现了自动化，并且已经普及当前。
顶板支护自动化的历史介入了高技术工程学的连续综合化。将来有进一步的可能性是它们结合在一起为最终实现无人操作的新面貌提供一个可能的思想。
2. 介绍
大约35年前，一个变化发生在了煤炭行业，事后看来，它为煤炭产业从高劳动力密集场所演变成今天铺平了道路。这个变化便是液压顶板支护的引入。
第一代支架，采用简单的液压阀控制，一开始就突飞猛进的发展，为改善工作场所的安全性和提高生产力作出了贡献。相对支柱和气压计的用途，支护顶板的活动“实际上被自动化”，以后为获得更大自由度的挑战就要落在顶板支护设计师的肩膀上了。
结果，许多改进发生在了结构和环境机械工程以及使用水为基础的流体可靠操作的液压系统的发展领域。这被改进的工程学，加上采矿工程师们总结出不同类型岩石层适合什么样的支架安装型式的经验，知识在不断丰富，机械结构的强度也在提高。
早在1967年，英国煤矿就试验使用电子控制支架，并且第一套遥控长壁采煤系统被用于地下。不幸地是，无论在顶板支护还是今天的电子技术，不只是效率就能提供必需的成功。
掩护式支架的发展与改善后的阀材料和流体的可及性以及“芯片”电子技术相符了。那是随着掩护式支架为电液压系统的应用提供了理想的环境后，促使自动化成功的发展因素的结合。
今天，这些技术的进步，与微处理器的引入一起，为煤炭行业提供了极端可靠，灵活和高效率的系统。
自动化的顶板支护不再是设计师的梦想，而是真实的，每天运作的现实。
Foreign language material original text
The path to Successful Roof Support Automation
1 ABSTRACT
The first hydraulic roof supports were installed underground in 1950s and ever since that engineering developments have improved the supports in many different ways.However,advances in three main areas,the roof support mechanical design,hydraulic engineering and electronics have ultimately led to the point where ,35 years after that installation,automation has been achieved and is now commonplace.
The history of roof support automation has involved the continual integration of high technology engineering.There are further possibilities for the future which combine to give some idea of the likelihood of there ultimately being a completely manless face.
2 INTRODUCTION
Around 35 years ago,a development took place within the mining industry that,with hindsight,paved the way for this industry to change from being a highly labour intensive one,to the industry of today.This development was the introduction of the hydraulic roof support.
The first generation support,with its simplistic hydraulic tap controls,was a quantum leap in its time,contributing to improved safety of the workplace and improved productivity.Relative to the use of props and bars,the activity of supporting the roof had actually been “automated”,and thereafter the challenge for greater degrees of automation was laid firmly at the feet of the roof support designers.
Consequently,many improvements were made in the fields of structural and environmental mechanical engineering and the development of hydraulic systems which would operate reliably using water-based fluids.This improved engineering ,coupled with the development knowledge of the mining engineers of the effects of and load patterns induced from different types of strata,led to the development of competent mechanical structures.
