摘要:非法持有毒品罪是指明知是鸦片、海洛因、甲基苯丙胺或者其他毒品,而非法持有且数量较大的行为。在毒品犯罪的大家庭中,其居于承上启下的地位,是为了严密毒品犯罪的法网而有其特殊存在意义的兜底性犯罪。但是由于其理论准备不足,研究不够深入,在理论和实践中对其认定时都存在一些问题。笔者试着从非法持有毒品罪中持有的法律归属以及持有状态的认定进行一些探讨,希望对我国刑事立法以及司法有一定的借鉴意义。在结构体系上,本文分为三个部分:第一部分对非法持有毒品罪做一简述,对该罪的立法背景、概念进行一定的叙述,为本文的中心内容做一个理论铺垫;第二部分对该罪持有的法律归属借鉴国内外学者的相关论述加以认定,尝试找出最适合我国的认定方式;第三部分则从持有状态的认定来综合考虑各种情境以着重阐述,为在实践中遇到的各种认定困难找出应有的解决之道。
关键词:非法持有毒品罪 持有状态 作为 不作为
ABSTRACT
Illegal has the narcotic crime is indicates the knowledge is the opium, the heroin, the methyl benzedrine or other narcotics, but illegal has and quantity big behavior In drug-related crime big family, It resides in the status which links the preceding with the following, Has its special existence significance for the strict drug-related crime law net to reveal the crime. But as a result of its theory preparation insufficiency, the research is not very thorough, in the theory and the practice to it recognized when has some problems.now,I try from illegal to have the law which in the narcotic crime has to belong to as well as to have the condition to recognize that carries on some discussions. Hope that has certainly certainly to our country criminal activity legislation as well as the judicature profits from the significance. In structure system, This article divides into three parts: The first part to illegal has the narcotic crime to make a summary,and to this crime''s legislative background, the concept carry on certain narration, makes a theory upholstery for this article central content;The second part the legal ownership which has to this crime profits from the domestic and foreign scholar''s related elaboration to recognize that the attempt discovers most suits our country to recognize the way; The third part from has the condition to recognize overall evaluation each kind of situation by elaborated emphatically, for each kind which in reality meets recognized discovers the proper solution difficultly.
Key words: Illegal has the narcotic crime, Has, Condition,As,Not as
引言
非法持有毒品罪中的持有在法律性质上是行为还是状态,法律归属上是作为、不作为或是第三种犯罪形式,以及对其的认定,在司法实践(理论)中,还有相当的难度,国内外刑法学界的学者们都以自己独到的见解对其进行解释,力求为司法实践提供一个统一切实可行的标准。笔者认为非法持有罪的设定是在持有之前的原因行为与后面的结果行为无法查明的情况下,采取诉讼中的堵漏措施加以严密法网之举。其持有具有静止的特性,事实上其实是行为在发生、发展过程中所截取的一段中间状态。由于非法持有毒品罪并不是针对先前的原因行为或后续的结果行为,是针对持有本身定罪,而这样一个持有并不同任何积极的外观特征相联系,所以就具有了静态的外观特征。相对于其先前行为与后续行为,持有通常表现为一种结果状态或预备状态。越来越多的国内外学者都认为持有是一种状态,我国的张明楷教授就认为“撇开持有毒品的起始点而论,持有是一种状态,即毒品处于能被行为人支配的状态时,行为人就是持有毒品,只要这种事实上的支配关系继续存在,持有的状态也就存在”。美国当代法学家胡萨克更对此提出“无行为的刑事责任”的命题,主张以“控制原则”来取代犯罪构成中的行为要件,
以支持持有的状态说。