摘要:机械零件由于其所具有的特殊性,而不方便像电器元件一样用实验的方法得到可靠性设计的有关数据。因此,从理论上来解决机械零件可靠性设计问题就变得至关重要了。为了适应现代化的机械零件设计,使机械零件设计更趋于合理性和实用性,本课题的目的就是从理论上来研究机械零件的可靠性设计。
本文首先介绍了可靠性理论发展的概况,国内外的研究现状以及它的重要性,此后又介绍了通用可靠性的理论其内容包括可靠性的指标体系,以及研究可靠性的数学工具(概率统计学),在此基础上研究了机械可靠性理论,掌握了应力-强度干涉理论并掌握处理随机变量统计量的三种方法矩法、变异系数法以及代数法。
其次本文选择常用的机械零件斜齿轮、转轴、滚动轴承研究了其失效模式,建立了其数学可靠性模型并进行了相应的实例计算。
最后本文介绍了Visual basic 6.0 并利用其开发了机械零件可靠性设计软件界面,通过此软件可以进行简单的可靠度计算。
关键词:机械零件;失效模式;可靠性
Abstract :Due to the characters of machine parts, it’s inconvenience that the value of reliability design be gotten by means of experimentation just as what be done to electric parts. As a result, it becomes vital important that the questions of machine parts reliability design be solved in theory. In order to accommodate to the modern machine parts designing , and make it more practical and more rational, in this paper more attention are paid on researching the the machine parts reliability design theoretically. The primary content and innovation part of this paper as follows
In this paper, the development of reliability theory, introduced an overview of research at home and abroad, as well as its importance has since introduced a general theory of the reliability of its content, including the reliability of the index system, as well as the reliability of the mathematical tools (Probability and Statistics school), on the basis of studies of mechanical reliability theory, is in control of stress - strength interference theory and skills to deal with random variables of the three methods statistic moment method, the coefficient of variation method and algebraic method.
In this paper, followed by choice of commonly used mechanical parts helical gear, shaft, the rolling bearing failure mode was studied to establish the reliability of the mathematical model and calculated the corresponding examples.
Finally, Visual basic 6.0, introduced and developed the use of its reliability design of mechanical parts of the software interface through which software reliability can be a simple calculation.
Keyword: Machine part; failure mode; Reliability
第一章 绪论
1.1 可靠性的发展概论
目前,可靠性已是衡量机电产品质量的重要指标,可靠性技术已成为产品质量保证、安全性研究和产品责任预防措施的不可缺少的依据和手段。为此要求用现代可靠性设计法的基本理论和方法来重新评价机械产品的基本设计原则和过程。
1.1.1可靠性设计理论的发展历程
可靠性理论在其发展过程中主要经历了五个时期;
(1)萌芽期
可靠性理论早在30~40年代已发展起来了。十七世纪初期由伽利略、高斯、拉普拉斯、泊淞等人逐步建立了概率论,奠定了可靠性工程的主要理论基准。十九世纪布尔尼可夫斯基写了一本概率论教程,同时其学生马儿可夫建立了大数定律和随机过程理论,成为了维修性的理论基础。1939年瑞典专家威布尔提出了描述材料疲劳强度的威布尔分布。可靠性研究萌芽于飞机失事事件,1939年美国航空委员会出版的《适航性统计学注释》中,提出飞机事故率不应超过 /h.这里讲的事故率只是未能沿用可靠度的定义而已。