摘要:随着人类对能源的需求日趋增大,而如石油、煤等非可再生能源日益枯竭。寻求新能源的利用和开发迫在眉睫。风能凭借其无污染,可循环利用等优点受到世界各国的重视。本文针对现有的小型风力发电机结构存在的不足,设计了一种新型结构的小型风力发电机结构。主要研究结果如下:
1.分析现有永磁发电机的结构特点,结合这些特点设计了一种新型外转子式永磁发电机。此种发电机专用于小型风力发电,其功率为2KW。
2.利用直接磁路计算法计算出发电机的主要尺寸和输出电压,为了寻求发电机最优尺寸,把计算中设计的参数综合组合。选取最优的一组,其输出电压为51.96V,与预定指标之间的误差为3.92%。根据这组数据所得到的电机结构,重量约为50-7Okg,较市面上常见的2KW风力发电机轻(青岛风王发电机有限公司FD4.0-2KW型重量为120kg)。
3.利用Ansoft maxwell有限元软件对设计的发电机进行电磁场分析,结果表明,所设计的发电机气隙磁密分布为均匀分布,保证了输出的电压近似为正弦波形。
关键词:新型;永磁;风力;发电机;结构设计。
DESIGN OF A NEW 2KW PERMANET MAGNET WIND TURBINE
Abstract As the demand for energy is bigger and bigger, but some kinds of energy have become dried up, such as petroleum coal etc. It is greatly urgent to find some new kinds of energy. Due to some excellences, as no-pollute, circular able using etc. Wind power has been regarded by many countries. There are some shortcoming about the small wind turbine which been used nowadays, so this paper has design a new structure motor. The main results achieved are as following:
1. Analysing the strong points and shortcomings of the small wind permanent magnet motor, Learn from other’s strong points to offset one’s weakness. Design a new out-rotor permanent magnet motor. It is power is 2KW.
2. Using the traditional calculation to calculate the primary dimensions and the parameters. Modify the parameters and get several groups of result and choices one best group then, confirm the dimensions and the parameters. The output voltage is 51.96V, error is 3.92%. The weight of the motor is about 50-70kg and is small than other 2KW small wind turbine which can be found in the market (using the product of the Qing Dao Feng Wang Wind Power Ltd. As a example).
3.Using Ansoft Maxwell to analyse the electromagnetic field. The result shows that the magnetic flux of the air gap is proportional distributing. The magnetic flux wave of the air gap is approximate a rectangular wave and the output voltage wave will be a sine wave.
Key words: new; permanent magnet; wind power; motor; design
第一章 绪论
1.1课题研究的背景和意义
在矿物能源日趋减少,环境保护受到重视的今天,风能作为一种清洁、安全、可再生的绿色能源,日益受到各国的重视。目前国内外风能开发的发展方向有两方面:一是着重于中小容量风力发电装置的研制,这种发电机组多是为农牧区分散的用户设计;另一方面是发展可与电网并网运行的大型风力发电机组,以缓解总体能源紧张的情况。
如今,发达国家的风力发电的应用相对于中国已经走在前列,在全球的风能发展中,欧洲风能发电的发展速度很快。据欧洲有关机构提供的信息,2010年德国风力发电预计达到1250万KW。截至2010年欧洲风能计划从4000万KW增加到6000万KW 。在西方发达国家中,德国、西班牙、丹麦、美国处于世界领先地位。在亚洲的一些国家,近年来风力发电也取得较快发展,其中印度和日本最为显著。