摘 要:本设计目的是设计一个可根据需要随时改变上、下模,从而改变冲压产品的无模压力成形机。其基本原理是利用一系列规则排列、高度可调的基本体(冲头),通过对各基本体的实时控制,构造出所需形状的成形面,取代传统的模具来实现板材的三维曲面快速无模成形。
具体设计思路:设计中,上、下模都采用点阵的形式。每一个点阵的高度都可以通过螺钉进行调节,,每个螺钉相当于一个点阵,安装在螺钉安装板上。通过步进电机按要求对螺钉进行旋转调节,从而调节螺钉的高度。步进电机通过单片机或PLC进行控制,并且安装上限位开关和传感器,使整个控制系统成为一个可控的闭合回路。控制步进电机按要求对每一个螺钉调节好后,此时,得到了所需要的上、下模。安装好需要加工的毛坯板材后,固定下模,再使用压力机对上模向下模方向施加足够的压力使板件塑性变形成所需形状。
在选用控制系统时,考虑到PLC相对单片机它具有可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、编程方法简单易学、硬件配套齐全,用户使用方便、系统的设计,安装,调试工作量少、维修工作量小,维修方便等优点,所以采用了PLC控制系统。
关键词: 无模压力成形 多点成形 电机控制 冲压设备 机电一体化技术 成都电子高专 成都
Abstract :The design objective is to design a need to be changed at any time according to the upper and lower mold, thereby changing the products without stamping die pressure forming machine. The basic principle is to use a series of rules with a high degree of adjustable basic body (Punch), Based on the basic body of the real-time control, to construct the required shape forming face, replace the traditional mold of the plate to achieve rapid 3D-Forming.
Specific design ideas : Design, upper and lower lattice model used in the form. Every one of the lattice can be highly regulated through the screw, and each screw is equivalent to a lattice. installation of the screws installed board. Stepper motor through the requirement of screw rotating adjustment screw to adjust the height. Stepper motors MCU or PLC control, and the installation of a ceiling-Switches and sensors. so that the whole control system has become a closed loop controllable. Stepper motor control required for each one after adjusting screw, at this time, been required, under the model. Installed processing needs of the sheet metal blank, under the fixed mold, Press again to the use of model scale downward direction exert enough pressure on the plates of plastic forming the necessary changes shape.
The choice of control systems, taking into account the relative PLC MCU it has high reliability, strong anti-jamming ability, Programming is easy and hard infrastructure complete, and easy to use user, system design, installation, commissioning work less, maintenance workload, the maintenance and so on and the use of PLC control systems.
Key Words: No pressure forming die Multi-point Forming Motor Control Stamping equipment Electromechanical Technology Chengdu Electromechanical College Chengdu
前言
随着科学技术的不断进步和工业生产的迅速发展,许多新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料不断涌现,因而促进了冲压技术的不断革新和发展。目前国内外相继涌现出了精密冲压工艺、软模成形工艺、高能高速成形工艺、超塑性成形工艺及无模多点成形工艺等精密、高效、经济的冲压新工艺。
近年来,为了适应市场的激烈竞争,对产品质量的要求越来越高,且其更新换代的周期大为缩短。无模多点成形工艺不需要模具,可以省去模具的设计、制造和调试工序,节约制造模具的材料、工具、能源和时间等,将生产准备时间缩短为模具成形时的几十分之一。
在设计中,采用的是步进电机控制一系列规则排列、高度可调的基本体(冲头),构造出所需形状的成形面,取代传统的模具来实现板材的三维曲面快速无模成形。这些冲头的排列越密冲压出的曲面就越好。应用在数控技术上还可以直接通过三维图形生成出所需形状的成形面。
无模多点成形工艺,实现了无模成形,优化了变形路径,改善了板材成形时的变形条件,提高板材成形极限,扩大加工范围;可以减少成形过程中产生的残余应力,实现无回弹成形;可以在较小的设备上成形较大尺寸的板类件,使得加工件尺寸精度高,生产效率高,表面质量好,生产工艺稳定。并且使冲压工艺易于实现自动化。是一种非常先进设计思路,具有良好的发展前景。