摘要:健身运动处方,就象医生给病人看病对症下药开处方一样,是在身体测评的基础上,根据锻炼者身体的需要,按照科学健身的原则,以生理学为理论依据,以体检数据(心肺功能为主)为基础,以身体练习为基本手段,以增强体质、促进身心健康和身体全面发展为主要目标,提高生活质量为根本目的,以处方的形式,针对中学生特点和身体状况制定运动的频率、强度、时间、性质、进度为锻炼者提供的一种科学的、定量化的、指导性的运动锻炼方案。并以此为出发点,掌握其方法和手段,培养运动习惯以便达到增强体质的目的。
本文依据《体育与健康》教材和健身的理论知识,根据中学生的生理和心理特点,以呼市三十五中学2004级普通高中学生为研究对象。采用随机抽样的方法,将六个教学班中的四个教学班的102名男生分为实验班和对照班,以田径和篮球教学内容为主,设计健身运动处方,每周3次课,每次课为45分钟。经过33周的健身运动处方教学实验研究,并对实施健身运动处方教学与常规教学的中学生进行运动能力、身体素质、身体形态和心肺功能等指标进行测试,以探讨实施健身运动处方教学模式与传统体育教学模式对学生体质的差异性,探讨中学生实施健身运动处方锻炼的效果,为中学体育教学改革与中学生体育锻炼提供理论与实践依据。实验结果表明:
1、实验组各项身体素质都有不同程度提高。体现在学生速度、弹跳力、上肢力量、耐力素质、腹肌力量有明显提高,呈非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。教学实验所取得的良好效果,证明了中学生体育课实施健身运动处方教学模式具有较强的针对性、科学性和实效性,健身运动处方教学模式对促进中学体育教学改革具有重要的推动作用。
2、学生身体形态中体重,胸围有所增加,与实验前相比呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。克托莱指数有所下降,说明健身运动处方是中学生一种有效的体育锻炼方法或减肥方法,健身运动处方教学模式是实现学校体育走向健康教育正轨的有效途径。
3、学生心肺功能明显增强。从心肺功能指标测试结果看,实验组身体机能指标有所改善,体现在安静心率的降低,心肺功能提高,肺活量增加。说明健身运动处方教学符合中学生的身心发展特点,符合科学的健身原理和规律。
4、健身运动处方教学模式能有效提高学生运动能力和体育课成绩。在实验过程中,学生并未出现疲劳积累状况,反而健康状况却明显的得到了改善,达到了预期的效果,从而证明了健身运动处方具有的合理性和有效性。说明在中学体育课中实施健身运动处方教学模式是可行的,要实现学校体育由运动教育向健身教育的转轨,健身运动处方教学模式不失为一种可行而有效的方法。
5、健身运动处方教学对培养中学生的终身体育意识具有很好的作用。
关键词:健身运动处方,教学模式,学生体质,实验研究
ABSTRACT :Healthy sport prescription, just like doctor sees the patient give up the prescribe medicine for specific ailment prescribe, is the foundation which measures in the body up, according to toughen the demand of body, the principle of with science health take physiology as theories basis, take check-up data(heart lung function is lord) as foundation, with body practice is basic means, with strengthen physical endowment, promote mind and body health and body develop completely into main target, exaltation life quality is basic purpose, with the form of prescription, draw up to personal characteristics and body condition athletic of frequency, strength, time, property, progress for toughen provide of a kind of science of, fixed amount turn of, instruction of sport toughen a project.Take this as point of departure also, control its method and means, foster sport habit in order to attain a health and strengthen purpose.
This text research based on 《Athletics and Health 》theories knowledge, according to the high school students'' physiology and mental characteristics, the common high school students of 2004 in 35 high schools as a research object.The adoption draws samples completely and random of method, is divided the boys from 4 classes into an experiment class and compantive class, regard the farmland path and basketball content of course as principle, design exercise prescription by myself, carrying on prescription teaching by the form of 3 lessons a week, 45 minutes for lesson .Through 33 weeks of workouting sport prescription teaching experiment research, and carry on a fest to the students who working out the sport prescription teaching and normal regulations on the ability of exercising, body appearance, heart lung function and mental state health etc. carrying out workout mode and traditional athletics lesson teaching mode''s difference to students'' physical endowment of the sport dint teaching by study, Inquirying into a high school student to carry out health sport the prescription toughen of result, investigate an is suitable for new century high school students to develop the new mode of the athletics teaching demand healthily, toughen to provide theories and practice for athletics reform in education in the high school and high school students'' athletics basis. The experiment expresses as a result.
1.The experiment group has different degree exaltation on body characters, such as student''s speed, bounce, arms strength contain obvious exaltation, stomach muscle the strength contain obvious exaltation, presenting to show difference very much.(P<0.01).The good result that the teaching experiment obtains has. Proved a high school student athletics lesson working out sport prescription teaching mode have stronger target, science and higher real results, Exercise prescription teaching mode have the important push function towards promoting athletics reform in physical Education in a high school.
2. students'' body appearance, the weight, has decreased but the chest measurement has increased, having show the differences before and after the (P<0.05)Explaining workout sport prescription is students'' kind of valid athletics in the high school to toughen a method or reduce weight ,doing exercise to keep fit to exercise prescription teaching the mode is the valid path which carries out the education correct path of the alignment health of the school athletics.
3.The students'' heart and lung function strengthens obviously.The test saw as a result from the heart lung function index sign, the student''s experiment set tested the function index sign of the object body to have an improvement after testing, body the peaceful heart rate lowers now, heart lung function exaltation, lung capacity increment.The mind and body which explains the prescription teaching of workout sport matches a high school students develop a characteristics, matching healthy principle and regulation of science.The sport teaching method mathes the scientice regulations and rule.
4.Healthy sport prescription can raise a student to exercise effectively ability and athletics lesson result. During the period of testing, the student didn''t appear tired backlog condition, on the contrary healthy condition get an improvement obviously, come to an anticipant result, prove workout the rationality and the usefulness that exercise prescription''s have thus.Explaining that to It shows that to carry out the prescription teaching of workout sport mode in the student athletics lesson of high school is viable, carry out school athletics from sport education to workout education of turn a track, exercise prescription teaching mode is a valid method.
5.The prescription teaching of workout sport has a good function to the students'' letics consciousness of their whole lives.
KEY WORDS:Health sports prescription , Educational model, Student physique, Experimental study
1.前言
1.1问题的提出
2000年,由教育部、卫生部、国家民族事务委员会和科学技术部,共同组织实施了自1985年以来的第四次全国学生体质与健康调研。调研结果显示,改革二十多年来,随着经济和社会的发展与进步,国民生活水平不断改善,我国学生的体质与健康状况总体上是好的,但也存在一些问题。
体能素质、心肺功能呈下降趋势:(1)2000年与1995年相比我国学生的速度、耐力、柔韧性、爆发力和力量等素质均出现下降,除反应速度的50米跑成绩下降幅度较小外,其余各方面素质的下降幅度较为明显。特别值得关注的是:2000年学生的耐力、柔韧性是在1995年、1985年下降的基础上,又进一步较大幅度下降;而速度素质和力量素质则是在1995年比1985年略有提高的基础上,2000年又重新出现下降。(2)2000年学生的肺活量在1995年比1985年的基础上?又有所下降。男女生的肺活量、体重指数与1995年比较已出现下降。(3)同样调查发现,肥胖学生明显增多,已成为城市青少年学生的重要健康问题。2000年与1995年相比7--18岁学生的检出率,城市男生由5.9%上升为10.1% ,城市女生由3.0%上升为4.9%,乡村男生由1.6%上升为3.7%,女生由1.2%上升为2.4%。【1】