摘 要:中国特殊教育,历经百年,聋校采用哪种教学语言进行教学是聋教育工作者一直求索的问题。本文描述了百年来聋校所采用的语言教学方法(手语教学法、口语教学法、全面交流法、双语双文化教学法)以及口语、手语的含义;调查了长春地区一所聋校低、中、高年级语文教学中教学语言使用的情况,并分析了一些教学现象;根据调查与分析,提出了一些具体可行的改进聋校语言教学的措施,分别为:教学语言在各年级段合理使用的措施,提高教师教学语言效率,充分发挥聋人教师的作用。
关键词:聋生;口语;手语;语言教学方法
Abstract :China deaf educates, has been through repeatedly for hundred years, which kind of teaching language does the deaf school use to carry on the teaching is a question which the deaf educator seeks continuously. This article described the language teaching method which for hundred years deaf school uses (sign language teaching method, spoken language teaching method, comprehensive junction conversion of sixteenths to decimal, bilingual double cultural teaching method) as well as the spoken language, the sign language meaning; Investigated a Changchun area deaf school "low, center, has been high" in the grade language teaching the teaching language use situation, and has analyzed some teaching phenomena; According to investigates with the analysis, proposed some feasible improvement deaf school language teaching measure, respectively is specifically: The teaching language in various grades section reasonable use measure, enhances the teacher teaching language efficiency, fully plays the deaf person teacher''s role.
Key word: Deaf lives ;the spoken language; sign language; language teaching method
引 言
在聋校教育教学中采用什么样的语言教学方法,决定着聋童的语言发展和思维发展,决定着他们将来的发展,决定着他们的社会交往。所以一直以来聋校教学语言的使用争论不休。在聋教育史上,人们先后采用了纯手语教学、纯口语教学及以“口语为主、以其他形式为辅”的“全面交流法”。实践证明,上述三种方法的效果都难以令人满意,并不适合大多数的聋儿的发展。而双语双文化教学为主的多元教学法在我国还处于起步实验研究阶段。我通过借鉴各种教学方法的理论和自身十年的教学体验,以及对长春地区一所聋校语文教学中的口语手语应用情况进行的为期一年的调查研究,在本篇论文中提出了我对聋校教学语言使用的认识和一些具体可行的适合我国国情的聋校语言教学方法。