V带测长磨削机控制系统设计

机械设计制造及其自动化论文，论文编号:JX1103  论文字数:15390.页数:48

摘  要
 带传动结构简单、制造方便、传动平稳、价格低廉、能缓冲吸震，在近代机械中应用广泛。在实际使用中v带各项尺寸精确与否，对其实用性能及寿命有很大影响。尤其是当V带在配组使用时,为使同时使用的一组V带长度一致，每条V带的长度必须控制在一个比较小的误差范围内。随着V带使用厂家对V带配组要求的不断提高，目前许多中小型厂家的简易型V带磨削机在生产方式及生产效率上已显得落后，难以保证V带尺寸的精度，而如果磨削后再采用专用的测长机进行配组，不仅因增加测长工序费工费时增加成本，而且当长度不能满足要求时还要返回重新进行磨削。在这种需求背景下，研制一种新型的能在线测长的V带长磨削机定会有很好的应用前景。
 本论文介绍了该种V带测长磨削机的控制系统设计过程。该种V带磨削机应当具有以下主要特点：（1）能在线检测V带长度，测长精度应达到；（2）可靠性高，能24小时连续磨削而不出故障；（3）除上、下带采用人工外，其余磨带过程全自动控制；（4）具有独立的测长功能（其功能与专用的V带测长机相似）。根据上述的功能要求，本文作者在查阅了许多相关文献资料并分析比较了国内外现有测长打磨机的优缺点基础上，确定了控制系统的设计方案并进行了软件设计。该磨削机控制系统以AT89S51单片机为控制核心，三菱触摸屏为人机界面，软件设计采用模块化结构和C语言与汇编语言进行混合编程。
 本论文共分六章。第一章是绪论，主要介绍了V带测长打磨机的国内外现状并分析了对该种设备需求的发展趋势，明确了本次毕业设计内容的工程应用背景。
 第二章的主要内容是对磨削机的系统功能要求进行了详细的分析，其中包括磨削（正磨与反磨）、测量（最大偏差、最小偏差和平均值）、在线测长、定长、传感器零位校正等。此外，第二章中还对V带测长磨削机的整机及硬件结构如控制面板、张紧从动轮部分、压轮部分、磨轮部分及张紧主动轮部分等进行了介绍，并分析了它们对V带磨削过程可能产生的影响。
 第三章介绍了该磨削机的控制系统硬件组成，包括以单片机为核心的主控板部分、触摸屏、电动机及传感器等，并通过系统的硬件组成框图说明了它们之间的联系。
 接下来的第四章是本论文的重点，该章对该V带测长磨削机控制系统的软件进行设计，包括控制程序的主程序、部分的子程序、通信程序与触摸屏程序等设计。主要的子程序有：回零函数、定长函数、测量函数、正磨函数、反磨函数、复位函数等。通信程序是关于单片机与触摸屏之间通信的程序。
 最后一章是结束语，对本次毕业设计课题的完成情况及主要的收获进行了总结。

关键词：测长  磨削  自动控制系统  串口通信

abstract
 V Belt convey is simple structure, easy fabrication, smooth convey, low price, and can absorb shock buffering and widely used in modern machinery. In the actual use, the precision of v belt size has a great influence on the performance and life. Especially when the V belt taking length for a set of V-belt which makes to use in the meantime consistently, each V-belt takes of the length have to control in a smaller error margin scope. With the V belt use of V belt factory to improve the group with many small and medium-sized factory, the simple type V belt grinding machine in the mode of production and production efficiency is backward, to ensure the accuracy and size of V belt grinding and if the measured by special group, not only are command airplane for increasing length measurement process FeiGong time-consuming, but also increase the cost cannot satisfy the requirements when length to return to grinding process. In this background, development needs a new can online long V belt grinding machine will grow good application prospects.
 This paper introduces the V belt length measurement and control system of the grinding machine design process. The V belt grinding machine should have the main features: (1) measure V belt length on-line, length measurement accuracy should achieve, (2) high reliability, 24 hours of continuous grinding without a fault, (3), except with artificial, the process of automatic control with grinding, (4) has the independent length measurement function (its function and special measure of V belt. Command airplane similar According to the requirements of function, the author in the relevant documents and many existing analyses and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the burnish machine length measurement based on the control system, the design scheme and the software design. The grinding machine control system use AT89S51 as control core, use mitsubishi touch screen as man-machine interface and the design of the software use the modularized structure and C language program.
 This paper has six chapters. The first chapter is introduction, mainly introduced the V belt length measurement grinding machine is analyzed and the status of the equipment and clear the development trend of the demand for the graduation design content of engineering application background.
 The second chapter to the main content is the system function requirement of grinding machine are analyzed in detail, including grinding mill and the mill (are), measurement (maximum deviation, minimum deviation and average), online long, long, sensor zero adjustment, etc. In addition, the second chapter of V belt grinding machine of the length measurement and control panel, such as the hardware structure of a pulley, pressure roller, grinding wheel and the tensioner active part etc. Were introduced, and the analysis of V belt grinding process may influence.
 The third chapter of the grinding machine control system hardware, including based on singlechip control board, touch screen, motor and sensor etc, and through the system hardware diagram illustrates the relationship between them.
 The fourth chapter of this paper is to the key, this chapter V belt length measurement and control system of the grinding machine software design, including the control program of the main program, part of the procedure, the communication program and touch screen design procedure. The main subroutine: return zero functions, function, measuring functions, function, grinding mill function and reset function etc. Communication program MCU and touch screen is the communications between the program.
 The last chapter was closing on the graduation design, the main task completion and harvest are summarized. 
Keywords: Length measurement；Grinding；Automatic control system；Serial communication

目  录
摘  要 I
abstract III
第1章  绪  论 1
1.1  引言 1
1.2  国内外现状及发展趋势 1
第2章  V带测长磨削机系统分析和方案设计 3
2.1  系统功能分析 3
2.2  系统总体方案设计 3
2.3  本章小结 5
第3章  V带测长磨削机控制系统硬件组成 6
3.1  系统基本配置 6
3.1.1 主控板 6
3.1.2 传感器 7
3.1.3 触摸屏 8
3.1.4 电动机 8
3.2  操作面板界面设计 10
3.3  本章小结 11
第4章  V带测长磨削机控制系统软件设计 13
4.1  主程序结构 13
4.2  部分子程序功能及其流程图 15
4.2.1 初始化函数 15
4.2.2 回零函数 16
4.2.3 定长函数 18
4.2.4 测量函数 21
4.2.5 正磨函数 23
4.2.6 反磨函数 24
4.2.7 复位函数 25
4.3  单片机与触摸屏通信程序设计 26
4.3.1 通信协议 26
4.3.2 通信函数设计 28
4.4  本章小结 35
第五章  软件调试环境及调试中所遇到的问题和解决方法 36
5.1   软件调试环境及设置方法 36
5.2  调试中遇到的问题及解决办法 38
第六章   结  论 40
参考文献 41
致  谢 42
附录 43