汽车变速箱齿轮点蚀面积自动识别研究

车辆工程专业毕业论文，论文编号:JX906  论文字数:12919.页数:40

 摘     要
 汽车变速箱担负着变速变扭、实现倒车并利用空档暂时切断动力的任务，使汽车能够适应各种条件下的行驶。因此，变速箱齿轮副的相对运动非常频繁，随着行驶里程的增加，轮齿表面的损耗不可避免。在齿轮副的长期运行中，轮齿表面可能会出现不同类型的损伤形式。在各类损伤形式中，点蚀的出现、扩展会导致齿面金属材料的遗失，并改变齿轮的几何尺寸，从而影响齿轮副的寿命。齿面点蚀面积率是判断齿轮是否点蚀失效的依据，根据有关技术文件规定轮齿表面点蚀面积不得大于齿面面积的1/4。本文详细地介绍了汽车变速箱中齿轮点蚀的机理和特点，通过数字图像处理和模式识别技术的一般方法，应用MATLAB软件对齿轮点蚀的CCD图像进行分析，给出了点蚀图像获取、处理和分析的方法与步骤，包括图像的裁剪、缩放、旋转、灰度化、二值化和面积计算等；开发了相应的软件代码和GUI界面。总之，较早地对齿轮的点蚀面积进行自动识别并提出相应的措施，对于提高齿轮的使用寿命以及设备运行和人员安全有着极其重要的意义。

关键词：汽车变速箱  齿轮点蚀  CCD  数字图像处理  MATLAB
 
Abstract
 Auto gearbox is charged with Torque and achieved reverse and cut off the task of power during shutting off the engine temporarily, so that cars can adapt to all kinds of driving conditions. Therefore, the relative motion of the gear pair of auto gearbox is very frequent , the loss of the tooth surface is inevitable as the miles add to the engine. The tooth surface may lead to different damage forms during long-time operation of the gears. In the different damage forms, geometric parameters of the gears will modify when emergence and enlargement of the pitting corrosion which leads to loss of metal materials of tooth surface. Thus influence the life of the gears. Tooth surface pitting area rate is the basis to judge whether or not the gear pitting failure. According to the specification, the tooth surface pitting area shall not be greater than 1/4 of the tooth surface area. This paper presents mechanism and characteristics of gear pitting in auto gearbox, by means of a general way of the digital image processing and pattern recognition technology, with the application of MATLAB software to analyse the gear pitting of the CCD image, showed methods and steps to image acquiring, processing and analyzing, including image cropping, scaling, rotating, grayscaling, binarying and area calculating, etc.; developed a corresponding software codes and GUI interface. In short, giving an area recognition on gear pitting of auto gearbox early and appropritiate measures for improving the service life of gears and equipment operation and the safety of the people in car has a great significance.
 
Keywords: Automobile Gearbox; Gear Pitting Corrosion; CCD; Image Processing; MATLAB 
 
目  录
中文摘要 ⅰ
英文摘要 ⅱ
第一章  绪论 1
1.1   研究的背景与意义 1
1.2   国内外的研究现状 2
1.3   研究方法与系统描述 4
1.3.1  数字图像处理方法 4
1.3.2  数字图像处理内容 5
1.4   本章小结 5
第二章 齿轮点蚀 6
2.1   点蚀的产生机理 6
2.2   点蚀的预防措施 7
2.3   齿轮接触疲劳试验台 7
2.4   本章小结 8
第三章 点蚀图像处理 9
3.1   齿面点蚀观测 9
3.2   点蚀图像获取 9
3.3   点蚀图像的预处理 9
3.3.1  选取点蚀区域 10
3.3.2  彩色图像灰度化 10
3.3.3  灰度图像二值化 10
3.4   点蚀面积计算 11
3.5   本章小结 12
第四章 GUI界面开发 13
4.1   图形用户界面设计 13
4.2   设计过程 14
4.2.1  文件 14
4.2.2  编辑 15
4.2.3  彩色图像灰度化 17
4.2.4  灰度图像二值化 18
4.2.5  点蚀面积计算 18
4.3   运行实例 18
4.4   调试结果 20
4.5   本章小结 20
第五章 总结 21
参考文献 22
致  谢 23
附录  程序源代码 24