汽车追尾的安全性研究

车辆工程专业毕业论文，论文编号:JX935  论文字数:22463.页数:40

摘     要
 随着人类社会的不断发展与进步,汽车的普及和应用将更加普遍和深入。随之带来的道路交通安全问题也已成为世界性的大问题。本文即从车辆的安全功能开始阐述，将汽车的安全评定分为三类，即主动安全、被动安全、行人保护，现今各厂商对主被动安全都投入了大量的人力和财力，通过各项技术革新来完善车辆的安全状况；其次本文将车辆的碰撞类型分为三类，即正面碰撞、侧面碰撞和偏置碰撞，从这三个碰撞来研究车辆的损伤情况与人体（假人）的损伤部位，欧洲的Euro-cap和中国的C-NCAP都会从这三方面对车辆的安全进行综合评定并设定星级；然后根据现实情况，结合交通部门提供的一定数据选择了一种较为常见的碰撞形式和较容易的损伤部位，即车辆的追尾（后碰撞）和颈部损伤进行研究，探寻其损伤机理及其保护办法；接着从车身构造上对车辆安全进行了探讨，通过对吸能式车身的剖析，阐明现今吸能式车身相比高强度、高硬度车身逐渐受到欢迎的原因，还通过对承载式车身与非承载式车身的比较，说明其各自的优缺点和其各自的碰撞过程中所受到的力的简单分析，指出承载式车身被大量应用的主要原因；最后本文对车辆的安全进行了文章的总结和将来的展望，相信随着科技的不断进步，各项新技术的不断开发，越来越多的安全装备会应用的车辆上。
关键词：汽车安全  追尾  损伤机理  防护

Abstract
 The automobile have already infiltrated the national defense construction, the national economy as well as human lives, which have become human’s essential and main transportation vehicle and played an important role in the human society''s development and progress. This article formulate from the security functions of vehicles and divide the vehicle''s safety assessment into three categories, namely, active safety, passive safety, pedestrian protection, the manufacturers of today''s active and passive safety have put a lot of human and financial resources, through a broad range of technological innovations to improve the security situation in the vehicle; This article will divided vehicles type of collision into three categories, namely, frontal impact, side impact and offset collisions, From the three vehicle collision injury to study the situation with the human body (dummy) the injury site, the European and Euro-cap of the C-NCAP China will face the three vehicles from a comprehensive assessment of security and set the stars; In this paper, based on the actual situation and then, combined with traffic departments to provide certain data to choose a more common form of the collision and the damage sites more easily, that is, a vehicle collision and neck injury after a study to explore the mechanism of their injury and its protection ; then this article from the body structure of vehicle safety is discussed, the energy absorption by the body-type analysis, interpretation out the current body style compared to the energy absorption, high strength, high hardness of the body welcomed the reasons for the gradual, through the vehicle carrying the body of non-load-style-type comparison of the body to illustrate their respective advantages and disadvantages, and their respective collision course by simple power analysis, pointed out that the body-type carrying a large number of applications was the main reason; Finally, the safety of vehicles carried out a summary of the article and future prospects, I believe that as technology advances, the continuous development of new technologies.
Key words: vehicle safety  vehicle rear collision  mechanism  protection

目   录
摘   要 I
Abstract II
目   录 III
第一章  绪论 1
1.1  本课题的研究背景 1
1.2  本课题的研究目的与意义 1
1.3  本课题的研究背景 1
第二章  汽车安全系统概述和碰撞类型 3
2.1  汽车安全系统概述 3
2.2  安全系统的类型及其评价 5
2.2.1  主动安全 5
2.2.2  被动安全 8
2.2.3  行人保护 11
2.3  汽车碰撞的类型 11
2.3.1  正面碰撞 11
2.3.2  侧面碰撞 12
2.3.3  偏置碰撞 14
2.4  本章小结 14
第三章   汽车追尾时的乘员损伤成因分析及防护 15
3.1  汽车追尾时对乘员的损伤状况 15
3.2  颈部损伤的临床观察 16
3.3  颈部损伤流行病学特征 17
3.4  损伤机理的研究 18
3.5  座椅系统对颈部损伤的防护 19
3.6  城市道路防范汽车追尾的有效措施 20
3.7  高速公路预防追尾办法 24
3.8  本章小结 27
第四章   汽车车身结构对车辆碰撞的影响 28
4.1  吸能式车身对车辆碰撞的影响 28
4.2  承载式车身与非承载式车身对车辆碰撞的影响 29
4.3  本章小结 32
第五章   总结与展望 33
5.1  总结 33
5.2  展望 33
致    谢 35
参考文献 36